空调系统在大型客船上的应用

大型客船上的空调系统是根据服务区域的不同进行分类的,文章根据国外大型客船空调系统设计经验,介绍了客船上各个不同空调系统的特点及设计方法,供后续设计人员在进行大型客船空调系统设计时参考。     

浅谈小型船舶空调系统常见问题

本文通过对船舶空调系统的设计要点的分析，参考船舶空调系统的设计要求和规范，例举了一些小型船舶空调系统的常见问题，提出一些建议和解决方案，为新造船舶的空调设计建造提供参考。     

改进舰船空调系统舒适性设计的探讨

分析了舰船空调系统舒适性方面的问题,借鉴民用船舶和陆上建筑空调设计先进技术,提出了舰船设计中改进空调系统舒适性的措施。     

船舶变风量空调系统的应用

变风量空调作为一种节能系统在陆用建筑的运用已有多年,技术上也经历了多次改进,借助于陆用空调系统设计理念,将该节能空调推向船舶空调系统。通过对变风量空调系统的分析,对在船舶空调系统应用的可行性进行了研究。     

利用溴化锂吸收式空调回收海洋平台余热的应用研究

针对海洋石油平台上大量余热资源的利用问题,以锦州油田某平台的余热情况和空调系统设计为例,设计了溴化锂吸收式空调系统。该系统采用烟气双效型溴化锂吸收式空调机组,利用主机高温烟气作为热源,完成了两套应用方案,并进行了方案技术对比。以方案一为基础进行了溴化锂吸收式空调系统的布置设计和经济评价。结果表明,采用该系统具有良好的节能效果和经济效益。     

船舶洁净手术室空调系统设计探讨

根据规范对手术室空调通风系统的设计要求，分析了洁净空调系统的结构组成，并结合船舶空调通风系统的特点，对船舶洁净区手术室空调系统的设计进行了简化。介绍了简化后的洁净手术室空调系统设计新思路，并详细阐述了设计时的几个方面：独立的新风系统、系统形式、空气处理流程、气流组织形式以及定风量阀的控制等。     

科考船的空调系统设计

以“向阳红10”号海洋综合科学考察船（简称“科考船”）为例,介绍了科考船空调系统的设计要点。为了提高舒适性和经济性,在空调系统配置、空调通风管系及设备减振降噪方面采取了相应的措施,对空调系统的整体效果产生积极的影响,为科考船空调系统的设计提供一定的参考价值。     

中小型水面舰船空调系统设计研究

阐述水面舰船空调系统的功能和基本形式，介绍核生化防护对空调系统的设计要求和当前舰船空调系统设计中存在的一些问题。通过对中小型水面舰船空调系统设计特点的分析，提出空调系统设计的新概念对空调设备的要求。     

某海工平台起居处所空调系统设计研究

针对海工平台工作环境恶劣的状况,以某海工平台为设计对象,研究起居处所空调系统设计。研究内容包括空调系统的方案比较、冷负荷及湿负荷计算、空调系统布置、空调设备及附件选择、空调系统水力计算、通风系统的设计和布置,对海工平台起居处所空调系统的设计研究具有一定的参考意义。     

空调系统在大型客船上的应用

大型客船上的空调系统是根据服务区域的不同进行分类的。文章根据国内外大型客船空调系统设计经验,介绍客船上各个不同的空调系统的特点及设计方法,供后续设计人员在进行大型客船空调系统设计时参考。     

Broaching prediction in the light of an enhanced mathematical model,with higher-order terms taken into account

 We have attempted to develop a more consistent mathematical model for capsizing associated with surf-riding in following and quartering waves by taking most of the second-order terms of the waves into account. The wave effects on the hull maneuvring coefficients were estimated, together with the hydrodynamic lift due to wave fluid velocity, and the change in added mass due to relative wave elevations. The wave effects on the hydrodynamic derivatives with respect to rudder angles were estimated by using the Mathematical Modelling Group (MMG) model. Then captive ship model experiments were conducted, and these showed reasonably good agreements between the experiments and the calculations for the wave effects on the hull and the rudder maneuvring forces. It was also found that the wave effects on restoring moments are much smaller than the Froude–Krylov prediction, and the minimum restoring arm appears on a wave downslope but not on a wave crest amidship. Thus, an experimental formula of the lift force due to the heel angle of the ship is provided for numerical modelling. Numerical simulations were then carried out with these second-order terms of waves, and the results were compared with the results of free-running model experiments. An improved prediction accuracy for ship motions in following and quartering seas was demonstrated. Although the boundaries of the ship motion modes were also obtained with both the original model and the present one, the second-order terms for waves are not so crucial for predicting the capsizing boundaries themselves. Received: June 20, 2002 / Accepted: October 10, 2002 Acknowledgments. This research was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (No. 13555270). The authors thank Prof. N. Rakhmanin of the Krylov Ship Research Institute for providing the Russian literature, as well as Mr. H. Murata of NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation) for translating it into Japanese. Address correspondence to: N. Umeda (e-mail: umeda@naoe.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp)     

USB同步传输在实时数据采集中的应用

讨论了基于USB接口的同步多路数据采集系统的设计。采用单片机控制数据实时采样，在主机WDM驱动程序设计中利用链表技术增加IRP(I／0Request Packet)USB总线驱动程序提交URB(USB Request Block)的数量，改善了采样数据的完整性，使整个采集系统的实时性能有所提高。     

Wind-triggered events of phytoplankton downward flux in the Northeast Water Polynya

Phytoplankton carbon fluxes were studied in the Northeast Water (NEW) Polynya, off the eastern coast of Greenland (79° to 81°N, 6° to 17°W), during summer 1993. The downward flux of organic particles was determined during 54 days using a sediment trap moored at a fixed location, below the pycnocline (130 m). The hypothesis of the present study is that wind events were ultimately responsible for the events of diatoms downward flux recorded in the trap.Wind conditions can influence the vertical transport of phytoplankton by affecting (1) the environmental conditions (e.g. hydrostatic pressure, nutrient concentrations, and irradiance) encountered by phytoplankton during their vertical excursion, and (2) the aggregation and disaggregation of phytoplankton flocs. The first mechanism affects the physiological regulation of buoyancy, whereas the second one affects the size and shape of settling particles.Using field data (wind velocity, density profiles and phytoplankton abundance), we assessed the potential aggregation and the vertical excursion of phytoplankton in surface waters. The results show that, upstream from the trap, wind and hydrodynamic conditions were sometimes favourable to the downward export of phytoplankton. Lag-correlation between time series of wind and phytoplankton downward flux shows that flux events lagged wind events by ca. 16 days. Given that the average current velocity in the top 100 m was ca. 10 cm s⁻¹, a lag of 16 days corresponded to a lateral transport of ca. 130 km, upstream from the sediment trap, where phytoplankton production was lower than at the location of the trap. According to that scenario, 21% to 60% of primary production was exported to depth during wind events. If we had assumed instead a tight spatial coupling between the material collected in the trap and the relatively high phytoplankton production at the location of the trap, we would have concluded that <7% of primary production was exported to depth. The difference between the two scenarios has great implications for the fate of phytoplankton. Our results stress the importance of investigating the spatial coupling between surface and trap data before assessing the pathways of phytoplankton carbon cycling.     

战舰上合理布设救生艇、筏的探讨

各国海军大、中型水面舰船上各类艇、筏的布设位置大多在舯部附近，极少有不紧靠烟囱的情况。而舯部烟囱附近往往是声场、红外线场、磁场等最强处，在海战中这些部位最有可能被敌方的现代化导弹和制导炸弹击中，从而使艇、筏这类保障官兵生命安全的设备易遭损毁或是被熊熊大火所包围，丧失救生功能。为探求艇、筏的合理布设位置，使用了概率论中的正态分布理论。引举实例，在舰中一弹的前提下，靠近艉部的艇被导弹直接击毁的概率下降为靠近舯部艇的约1／40，安全性显著提高。因此艇、筏应尽可能地布设在战舰的艏艉两端。经过分析推荐了几个比较合理的建议性方案。     

用于横向受载桩设计的一种半解析算法

在横向受载桩的设计中,必需考虑桩顶位移和桩内最大弯矩。文章提出了一种新的用于计算单桩横向受载的半解析方法。它以简化的p-y土壤响应理论为依据,描述了用于粘土中单桩这种解析方法,将这种方法的预报结果与m法、有限差分法的计算结果进行了比较,发现弯矩分布符合得很好。     

印尼某电厂码头水工建筑物设计

印尼某电厂项目码头水工建筑物包括码头、防波堤和护岸等主要组成部分。在该项目水工建筑物的设计过程中,综合考虑当地的自然条件、施工能力和材料来源等因素,不断优化结构选型和结构断面。根据不同使用要求,护岸分别采用直立式和斜坡式2种结构型式,推荐的设计方案节省投资、施工方便,可供同类工程设计参考。     

攻角空化器的超空泡形态非对称特性研究

为了满足水下高速超空化航行体运动平衡性和稳定性要求,必须采用非对称超空泡流动模式,采用具有非零攻角的空化器是实现该要求的一种重要策略.基于冲量定理,理论分析了非零攻角空化器引起的超空泡轴向变形量随轴向长度的关系,获得了空化器攻角对超空泡非对称性及其影响因素之间的定性和定量关系,其一阶近似与同类文献的结论是一致的,数值模拟表明了所得结论的合理性和分析的正确性.研究表明,非零攻角空化器引起的超空泡轴线变形量与沿空泡长度的距离呈线性规律增加,并在空泡尾部达到最大,不可能单独利用空化器攻角沿空泡长度来中和重力影响.     

Mechanical model and characteristics of deep-water drilling riser-wellhead system under internal solitary waves

Internal solitary waves with a huge amount of energy easily trigger the large dynamic responses of riser-wellhead system and threaten its structural safety. However, previous studies have only focused on the dynamic response of the riser under internal solitary waves. The riser may experience excessive traction from the platform, especially from the mooring platform, in response to the arrival of internal solitary waves. The bottom of the riser connects to the wellhead system, which in turn exerts a reaction force on the riser. To address this problem, a coupled dynamic model of deep-water drilling mooring platform-riser-wellhead system under internal solitary waves is developed in this paper. A dynamic response analysis method based on the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method and finite element method is also proposed for the mooring platform-riser-wellhead system. A dynamical solver for the coupled system is then developed using MATLAB. The dynamic response characteristics of the riser-wellhead system under internal solitary waves are calculated. Results show that the displacement and bending moment of the system initially increases and then decreases along with the propagation of internal solitary waves, and finally reach equilibrium position. The displacement and bending moment reach their peak before the trough of internal solitary waves passes through the riser-wellhead system. The dynamic responses of the riser-wellhead system under the influence of internal solitary wave loads are much larger than those without the effect of internal solitary wave loads. The riser system experiences shearing loads at the interface of internal solitary waves, which trigger a step-like bending moment variation. The bending moment of the conductor under the mudline is greatly increased by the internal solitary waves.     

潜艇超空泡技术应用分析

结合目前国内外超空泡技术的发展,论述发展超空泡潜艇的必要性,介绍了超空泡技术基本原理。依据超空泡鱼雷的配置,提出“变形空化器”的概念;论证超空泡潜艇推进和控制系统的选择;分析导引设备和尾舵的作用以及可能出现的问题。结合4种超空泡航行体稳定模式,分析超空泡潜艇水下稳定性问题,提出超空泡潜艇发展设想。结合对潜艇操纵研究,分析超空泡潜艇的水动力特性问题。同时,对 Suboff潜艇模型进行了流场特性的仿真计算,结果表明：潜艇的头部、指挥室的迎风面、指挥室的两侧艇体和潜艇的尾翼均存在一定的沾湿区域。基于此结果,提出相应的改进方案。对超空泡潜艇未来主要工作进行展望。     

土工格栅加固港区道路基层效果分析

我国华南港区,高温多雨,因荷载轮压很大造成路面不同程度的破坏。港区道路基层强度承载能力决定港区道路使用性能。考虑港区深软土地基,基于塑性理论,运用有限元软件模拟分析土工格栅加固港区道路基层效果。分析研究表明,采用有限元方法模拟土工格栅加固港区基层的结果与试验段结果相对应;弯沉与极限荷载成反比关系,弯沉值小,极限荷载大,表明土工格栅能提高港区基层结构承载能力,并且,土工格栅放置位置越接近面层,加固效果越好。