广州地铁越～三区间盾构隧道的设计

广州地铁二号线越秀公园～三元里区间盾构隧道已于2002年建成并投入试运营.文章阐述了该隧道的设计概况,主要内容包括盾构隧道的线路拟合,衬砌环的构造形式,管片的结构设计和结构防水.文中总结了广州盾构隧道设计中的成功经验,并对当前盾构隧道设计中的有关问题提出了建议.     

9块等分管片设计及其工程应用研究

文章就城市双车道公路盾构隧道设计了一种9块等分管片,采用有限元法进行了管片结构内力和变形分析.分析结果表明,9等分管片的受力合理,管片结构的内力和变形都满足设计要求.管片一环9块等分有利于优化配置运输能力和管片拼装机械手的拼装能力,同时减少管片的接头数量,增加隧道衬砌的防水能力,值得在我国城市双车道公路盾构隧道中推广应用.     

盾构掘进过程中隧道管片上浮原因分析及控制

管片位移控制是确保隧道线型符合设计要求和确保隧道建筑限时稳定的关键工序.文章从地质条件、衬背注浆、盾构姿态入手,对盾构掘进过程中管片上浮的原因进行了分析研究,并提出了控制措施.     

运营盾构隧道不同椭圆度变形情况下受力性能分析北大核心CSCD

地下结构施工不当会对邻近既有地铁盾构隧道结构产生巨大影响。文章以广州市某地铁线路下穿施工导致既有运营地铁盾构隧道产生较大变形的工程实例为背景,分析了既有隧道结构因地层损失产生不同椭圆度变形情况下管片结构的受力情况。基于工程实测数据,运用三维有限元分析软件,考虑了管片接头处的螺栓孔等细部构造,研究了管片椭圆度与结构应力状态之间的量化关系,并分析了结构的塑性变形情况及其发展趋势。结果表明:随着盾构隧道管片椭圆度的增大,结构最大主应力值与最大剪应力值均增大,且盾构隧道结构最大剪应力与椭圆度呈线性相关关系;盾构隧道结构最大主应力随椭圆度变化更加明显,与椭圆度呈非线性相关关系。     

拼装方式对盾构隧道衬砌结构变形和内力的影响分析

文章结合广州地铁区间盾构隧道管片衬砌结构设计,采用梁-弹簧模型计算法对不同拼装方式下的盾构隧道衬砌环变形和弯矩、轴力、剪力等内力分布以及衬砌环变形量和内力随隧道埋深的变化规律进行了探讨和分析.通过对盾构隧道装配式衬砌结构变形和内力分布规律及影响因素的系统研究,深入探讨了拼装方式对盾构隧道管片衬砌结构设计的影响.     

武汉长江隧道盾构施工段衬砌管片方案设计

结合武汉长江隧道盾构施工段的衬砌设计,对管片环结构、管片分块方案、管片环宽等关键设计参数进行计算分析,提出合理的管片方案。     

盾构隧道管片开裂的原因及相应对策

管片作为盾构隧道最基本结构单元,其开裂必将造成隧道质量问题,并最终影响隧道的使用寿命.文章分析了管片生产、施工、使用过程中的开裂原因,并提出相应的对策,对指导施工具有重要的意义.     

高性能混凝土在盾构隧道管片中的应用

文章结合高强混凝土在南京地铁隧道衬砌管片中的应用,探讨了影响高性能混凝土在混凝土管片中应用的因素.高性能混凝土应用于隧道衬砌管片对降低管片造价、增强管片耐久性和抗渗性有重要作用.     

圆形盾构隧道衬砌管片的计算分析

盾构法以其安全、快速等优点在我国地铁隧道施工中得到了越来越广泛的应用,但其施工成本相对较高,其中管片造价占盾构隧道总施工费的30%以上.因此,合理地进行盾构隧道管片设计对于控制工程造价具有举足轻重的作用.文章结合工程实例,从荷载、土层参数等方面,采用当前地铁盾构隧道衬砌管片设计计算普遍采用的(修正)惯用法,对管片受力进行了分析研究,得出了一些有助于管片结构设计的结论.     

盾构隧道管片横向接头刚度对内力影响的研究

在应用有限元法对盾构隧道管片内力进行研究的过程中,用接头单元来模拟管片之间的连接,并从理论上推导出管片横向接头刚度的近似表达式,进而计算分析在土体及管片自重作用下,接头刚度对管片内力的影响.文章推导了接头刚度的计算公式,并结合工程实例,给出了计算结果,可为管片的设计提供参考.     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.