长隧道钻爆法施工通风系统设计探讨

文章介绍了长隧道施工通风方式、通风系统设计程序以及近年来国内各类型长隧道施工通风的成功实践,并对长隧道施工通风提出了几点建议.     

单线铁路长大隧道--武隆隧道快速施工技术

文章以渝怀铁路第二长隧道--武隆隧道为例,从施工方案、开挖支护、设备配套、施工通风、超前地质预报等几个方面,阐述了复杂地质条件下单线铁路长大隧道快速施工技术,可供参考.     

龙潭特长公路隧道设计简介

建设中的龙潭特长公路隧道位于沪蓉国道主干线宜昌至恩施公路上,长约2×8.7 km,为我国目前最长的双洞四车道隧道之一.在勘查设计过程中,充分借鉴了国内外长大公路隧道建设的成功经验,认真研究、精心设计,达到了技术上先进、质量上优良.文章简要介绍了龙潭特长公路隧道的工程概况、工程地质条件、隧道结构形式设计、衬砌及防排水设计、辅助结构设计、运营通风设计、监控和防灾方案以及关键技术研究等.     

城市隧道纵向通风延迟效应的机理研究及影响因素分析

纵向隧道通风动态过程现场试验结果表明,当改变隧道射流风机的运行状态后,隧道风速需要较长的时间才能达到稳定状态,即纵向通风隧道存在延迟效应。通过理论公式推导得出的隧道流场在风机调控下的动态响应公式,可用来预测隧道延迟效应的强弱,其理论计算结果与现场实测数据吻合良好。参数化研究发现:在相同初始速度下,开启射流风机数量越多,隧道风速达到稳定的时间越短;关停射流风机数量越多,隧道风速达到稳定的时间越长。在启停相同数量射流风机的条件下,初始速度越小,隧道风速达到稳定的时间越长;隧道越长、截面积越大、隧道壁面越光滑,稳定时间越长,通风延迟效应越显著。     

轨道交通区间隧道工作中的长管棚施工工艺

为了提高隧道施工的水平,以黄河南路站—锦江路站区间隧道建设项目为例,对公路隧道施工过程中的隧道软弱围岩支护施工技术进行全面、深入的研究,阐述支护体系应用的必要性与效能、长管棚支护的施工原理及施工关键点,结合长管棚施工工艺在项目中的实践状况进行分析,论证长管棚施工工艺的效能。     

圆形窗口法估算岩体节理迹长及迹线密度

福州机场二期高速金鸡山隧道是国内首例双向八车道连拱隧道,隧道区域内节理发育,围岩较为破碎.文章以金鸡山特大跨度连拱隧道工程为实例,介绍了通过采用节理平均迹长和迹线密度估计方法中圆形窗口法,可快速、有效地估算工程区域内的节理平均迹长及迹线密度.     

四川公路隧道的规划和发展

文章简要介绍了四川公路,特别是高速公路网的规划与建设,以及项目建设中隧道的规模;阐明了四川公路隧道具有"长、大、高"的显著特点,展望了四川公路隧道的发展前景.     

马莱高速上虎峪隧道长管棚施工技术

上虎峪隧道进、出口均位于碎(块)石土堆积体中,地质条件极差,覆盖层较薄,为确保施工安全,进、出口均采用Φ108长管棚超前支护。对隧道长管棚施工技术进行了介绍。     

隧道进出口过渡段长度与位置分布探析

文章针对（特）长隧道的隧道内部与隧道外部的光线一般反差较大,驾驶员在隧道进出口处容易产生＂黑洞＂和＂白洞＂效应问题,结合公路隧道设计规范、公路隧道通风照明设计规范,通过分析隧道进出口处的特殊路段,确定隧道进出口过渡段的长度及隧道进出口过渡段的分布,并提出了相关的建议。     

温泉隧道施工测量及洞内导线优化实践

通过温泉隧道洞外控制测量、洞口联系测量、洞内控制测量、洞内施工放样和竣工测量,为隧道准确贯通和竣工做好了充分的技术工作。同时,通过布网控制为长隧道极力减小横向贯通误差进行了探讨。     

西山特长隧道斜井进入正洞交叉口施工技术

太古高速公路西山特长隧道全长13.654 km,是国内目前在建最长的公路隧道。在斜井进入正洞交叉口的施工中,成功采用台阶法矩形断面垂直挑顶直接转入正洞施工方案,通过优化调整设计参数,采取加强支护、减震爆破等技术措施,实现了斜井安全、简便、快速地转入正洞的施工。     

双线铁路瓦斯长隧道快速施工设备配套及防爆改装探索

兰渝铁路肖家梁隧道为双线铁路瓦斯隧道,进出口同时掘进,采用台阶法和光面爆破法开挖、装载机配合自卸汽车出碴运输、以压人式通风为主并辅以竖井和斜井射流通风的施工方案.文章以该隧道为例,主要介绍了采用无轨运输的瓦斯隧道快速施工设备配套以及施工机械的防爆改装技术.     

宜万铁路马鹿箐隧道进口泄水洞揭通溶腔施工技术

在宜万铁路马鹿箐隧道施工中,出口平导PDK255 978处发生了溶腔突水、突泥的情况,造成了重大突发性工程地质事故。鉴于溶腔规模大、水压高、储水量和动态补给量大等地质条件,采取了地表钻孔封堵平导、在平导进口左侧20 m处增加泄水洞的优化施工方案;结合现场实际情况,尽早揭通溶洞,并采取了直墙平底断面型式、锚喷初期支护以及取消二次衬砌、取消围幕注浆和管棚、采用光面爆破、加强超前地质预报等措施,施工中取得了较好的效果。     

古迹坪隧道雪沟斜井喇叭口施工技术

文章介绍了对斜井平交口加固,并在平交段设置大型集水井抽排隧道施工涌水;在正洞通过爬坡导洞找顶、挑顶及上台阶反向压顶,进而加固正洞与斜井相交口实现正洞双向作业面,从而确保斜井与正洞交口段施工、结构安全。其施工技术可为喇叭口处于富水、破碎岩体的同类隧道施工提供借鉴。     

高原隧道长距离施工通风方法研究

高原地区严寒缺氧气压低,环境恶劣,隧道建设中面临的高原长距离隧道施工通风问题属世界性技术难题。关角隧道为目前世界在建最长的高原隧道,也是我国目前最长的铁路隧道。结合关角隧道的施工建设,通过研究,采用斜井分隔方法很好地解决了这一难题。文章给出了隧道施工斜井中隔法通风方法和方案设计,以及现场测试效果,既保证了关角隧道的正常建设,又为修建高原长大隧道积累了经验。     

浅埋隧道地表密集建(构)筑物评估及对策

长洪岭隧道近距下穿密集民房,施工前对房屋做了详细的鉴定,并采集了爆破震速频率范围,通过专家风险评估设定了爆破震速控制限值,给出了指导性施工措施;考虑到与非下穿段的延续性和相容性,为充分发挥现有设备等资源配置,选择了震速可控,且安全、经济和快速的全断面分部减震爆破开挖方法,以及控爆与非爆相结合的施工方法,导洞非爆破方法因地制宜地选择了重庆地区广泛采用的水磨钻法。施工中将震速监测纳入工序管理,并高度重视与地方居民的协调工作;最终实现了安全下穿施工。文章总结了钻爆法浅埋长距离下穿密集民房的隧道施工要点,指出了钻爆法浅埋隧道地表密集建(构)筑物鉴定评估的重要性。     

Construction Technology for the Dazhushan Tunnel in a High-Pressure Fault with Abundant Water北大核心CSCD

The Dazhushan tunnel of Dali-Ruili railway is located in an area with complex geological structures,dense faults, various lithologies, fractured soft rock, developed karst and an underground water pressure of up to 3 MPa. Serious mud bursts and water inflow occured during the construction of the parallel adit passing through the Yanziwo fault. The water-stopping technique of grouting reinforcement is studied in light of this high-pressure fault with abundant water; sectional water drainage for moving water and polymerized grouting with super high pressure are presented; and the key points of the grouting reinforcement scheme, construction equipment configuration, criti-cal technology parameters and construction organization are described in detail. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

General Construction Technology Scheme of Tianshan Shengli Tunnel on Urumqi-Yuli Expressway北大核心CSCD

With a total length of about 22 km, Tianshan Shengli Tunnel on Urumqi-Yuli Expressway is currently the longest expressway tunnel under construction in the world. It adopts the construction scheme of "3 tunnels (2 D& B main tunnels and 1 TBM-driven middle pilot tunnel) + 4 shafts", which is characterized by great construction difficulty and high technical standard requirements. The tunnel construction is faced with technical challenges such as TBM passing through large fault fracture zones, long-distance construction ventilation in three tunnels, deep and large shaft construction and logistics organization in two-main tunnel construction assisted by middle pilot tunnel. In the parallel three-tunnel method design of Tianshan Shengli Tunnel, the TBM-driven middle pilot tunnel can not only play the role of advanced pilot tunnel, but also assist the construction of the two main tunnels and speed up the construction progress. For the middle pilot tunnel, the TBM excavation diameter is 8.4 m, and the initial support is designed as 100% force-bearing capacity in construction period, which can meet the requirements for two-way material transportation, ventilation and belt mucking in the pilot tunnel. Vault suspension scheme is adopted for the continuous belt conveyor, which can reduce the impact on the material flow organization in the cross passages. Multifunctional service vehicles (MSVs) independently developed by CCCC Group are used for the transportation of TBM materials and prefabricated inverted arch blocks, which can realize double-headed driving. TBM will pass through two large fault fracture zones F6 and F7. According to the stability of the surrounding rock at the tunnel face, the targeted treatment measures would be adopted. If necessary, the scheme of "steel segment + extruded concrete" shall be used for the initial support. In case of serious machine jamming or rock collapse, the heading expansion excavation method or bypass heading method shall be used. Tianshan Shengli Tunnel adopts phased forced ventilation option, and the ventilation mode is designed in stages with the change of tunnel construction stage. The fans and air pipes used are imported ones, and a ventilation management team is set up to strengthen ventilation management and ensure ventilation quality. Highly mechanized construction is used for the two D& B main tunnels, the application of equipment such as three-arm rock drilling jumbo and wet shotcrete machine is promoted, so as to reduce the number of workers and labor intensity, and improve work efficiency. The deep shafts of Tianshan Shengli Tunnel are constructed by short-section excavation and lining mixed operation method, and the initial support is lined by formwork pouring concrete, so as to realize safe and rapid excavation. According to the research results, the construction technology scheme for Tianshan Shengli Tunnel can meet the needs of tunnel construction. The research results can be directly used to guide the construction of Tianshan Shengli Tunnel, and provide reference for the construction of extra long highway tunnels in high-altitude areas. © 2022, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

公路隧道纵向送排式通风竖井数量及其间距研究

近年来,随着纵向通风技术的成熟,越来越多的长大隧道采用竖井送排式纵向通风方式,这种通风方式首先要确定竖井的数量及其间距。文章根据隧道内通风时对于断面风速的限制要求,提出了相同坡度下长大隧道竖井数量的计算方法,分析了隧道路面坡度对于竖井间距的影响,得到了不同坡度下隧道长度的折算方法及竖井间距计算方法,并给出了实例分析,其研究结果可以应用在长大隧道的相关设计研究中。     

深覆土输水隧洞与进洞井接头防水设计与施工技术

隧洞及井接头防水作为一项关键工序,对输送饮用水的青草沙过江管隧洞工程尤为重要。文章以此为工程背景,结合深覆土输水隧洞的特点,详细阐述了隧洞自身的防水质量控制及特殊形式外包井接头设计和施工技术,可为今后类似工程提供参考借鉴。