山区高速公路长大下坡路段避险车道 设置位置研究

本文在分析了避险车道现状问题和安全影响因素的基础上,通过货车在雅西高速公路上的制动鼓温度变化实车试验,建立货车在山区高速公路长大下坡路段行驶时的制动鼓温度变化模型,然后在试验的基础上建立一套适用于山区高速公路的避险车道设置位置理论计算方法,以此来确定避险车道的设置位置和设置间距.     

镇清高速特长隧道比选及长大纵坡方案设计研究

长大纵坡路段是山区高速公路事故高发地。文章针对云南省镇康至清水河高速公路在连续长大纵坡路段存在的越岭特长隧道选择、爬坡车道设置、避险车道设置等关键性问题,从平均纵坡、运行速度模拟、货车下坡制动温度等方面进行分析,提出优化纵断面设计、合理选择越岭隧道方式、合理设置避险车道等措施,为山岭重丘区高速公路在连续长大纵坡路段的方案设计提供参考。     

关于山区公路长下坡路段避险车道设置问题的探讨

从山区公路长下坡路段避险车道设置相关的多种因素出发,提出了一种避险车道设置的系统性初步方法。基于该方法对某长下坡路段的避险车道设置选址分析表明,该方法具有较好的可靠性。     

山区公路长大下坡路段避险车道设置的分析与评价研究

在国内外改善连续长大下坡路段交通安全的实践工程中,避险车道是一种有效的工程措施,但其设置原则模糊随意性大,设计也缺乏科学的理论指导。本文针对龙岩山区的地形特点,以G319线吊钟岩-中心坑长下坡路段避险车道工程为例,对山区公路长大下坡路段避险车道选址设置展开了分析和评价研究,以期更好地指导山区避险车道的设置和设计,提高山区公路的安全服务水平。     

山区高等级公路避险车道设计

根据国内外相关资料,结合香花公路设计体会,对我省山区高等级公路避险车道设计进行探讨。     

长大下坡路段避险车道设置方法探讨

文章通过对避险车道设置的影响因素分析,结合避险车道设置的相关研究和应用经验,提出了适用于新建和已建公路的避险车道设置方法,为长大下坡路段避险车道的科学合理选位提供参考。     

山区高速公路隧道典型安全因素分析及其对策研究

文章针对西部多条山区高速公路隧道运营安全情况,分析山区高速公路隧道的典型安全事故及原因,提出了基于车速限制、车道限制、照明控制与交通安全设施的安全对策,为山区高速公路隧道的安全运营提供参考。     

高速公路连续长下坡行车安全综合治理措施探讨

山区高速公路连续长坡路段是高速公路重特大恶性交通事故的多发段,本文介绍的高速公路连续长下坡行车安全措施包含设置反坡路段、避险车道、强制休息区(服务区、停车区),完善交通安全设施等,大多数措施都已经应用在典型长下坡路段的工程实践中,并取得较为显著的效果。公路建设相关部门在项目实施过程中可以借鉴运用这些措施,减少交通事故,提高连续长下坡路段的行车安全性。     

山区高速公路危险路段交通安全设施系统研究

本篇以高速公路长下坡危险路段为研究对象,以解决云南蒙新高速公路38km连续长下坡路段行车安全问题为目标,提出了车辆制动失灵概率的预测方法,研发出了长下坡路段制动失灵车辆专用减速带、消能减速护栏、网索式避险车道等三种新型安全设施,并总结分析了长下坡路段安全设施的设计方法及施工工艺技术,编制了《连续长下坡路段安全保障系统设计与施工指南》,可有效提高长下坡危险路段的行车安全。     

隆林-百色高速公路桥梁设计探讨

广西隆林-百色高速公路是一条典型的山区高速公路,具有地形地质条件复杂、桥隧比例较高、施工难度大的特点。文章结合隆林-百色高速公路项目施工设计图的情况,提出了山区高速公路桥梁设计的要求,并对几个设计典型问题进行了初步的探讨,为山区高速公路桥梁设计提供参考。     

钱江盾构隧道设计速度标准及交通安全分析

通过对6车道钱江盾构隧道工程的通行能力与服务水平、隧道建设与运营养护成本、超大直径盾构机械制造可行性及施工可靠性等方面的综合分析,确定了钱江隧道80 km/h的设计速度标准;通过对内侧3.5 m车道宽度、不设紧急停车带和检修道等横断面设计带来的交通安全风险的分析,提出了相应的交通安全对策,得出了钱江过江通道采用15 m直径盾构隧道的可行性结论。     

斜腿刚构在山区公路陡坡桥梁中的应用

我国的桥涵设计规范中明确规定:桥上纵坡宜≯4%,但在山区公路设计中,由于纵向推力巨大,普通的梁式桥难以适应大坡度纵坡的要求。文章以广西水任南宁高速公路工程为例,介绍在高纵坡条件下修建斜腿刚构桥梁的设计特点以及其良好的适应性,为解决山区高等级公路建设中因纵坡过陡,造成的纵向推力过大的不利影响等问题提供借鉴。     

秦岭马白山隧道新型紧急救援站结构型式研究北大核心CSCD

针对艰险山区高速铁路隧道的防灾救援难题,文章依托秦岭马白山隧道,提出了适合该隧道的新型紧急救援站结构型式,并利用FDS软件模拟隧道内纵向通风时列车着火后的烟气扩散,确定了规范中尚未给出的紧急救援站隔离区长度参数。结果表明:(1)秦岭马白山隧道新型紧急救援站结构型式应包括疏散区、隔离区以及待避救援区;(2)利用FDS数值模拟时,在不考虑纵向通风下,烟气沿下坡方向的扩散长度为295 m;考虑沿下坡方向通风时烟气最远扩散长度为980 m,建议隔离区长度设置为1000 m。     

A dynamic automated lane change maneuver based on vehicle-to-vehicle communication

Automated driving is gaining increasing amounts of attention from both industry and academic communities because it is regarded as the most promising technology for improving road safety in the future. The ability to make an automated lane change is one of the most important parts of automated driving. However, there has been little research into automated lane change maneuvers, and current research has not identified a way to avoid potential collisions during lane changes, which result from the state variations of the other vehicles. One important reason is that the lane change vehicle cannot acquire accurate information regarding the other vehicles, especially the vehicles in the adjacent lane. However, vehicle-to-vehicle communication has the advantage of providing more information, and this information is more accurate than that obtained from other sensors, such as radars and lasers. Therefore, we propose a dynamic automated lane change maneuver based on vehicle-to-vehicle communication to accomplish an automated lane change and eliminate potential collisions during the lane change process. The key technologies for this maneuver are trajectory planning and trajectory tracking. Trajectory planning calculates a reference trajectory satisfying the demands of safety, comfort and traffic efficiency and updates it to avoid potential collisions until the lane change is complete. The trajectory planning method converts the planning problem into a constrained optimization problem using the lane change time and distance. This method is capable of planning a reference trajectory for a normal lane change, an emergency lane change and a change back to the original lane. A trajectory-tracking controller based on sliding mode control calculates the control inputs to make the host vehicle travel along the reference trajectory. Finally, simulations and experiments using a driving simulator are conducted. They demonstrate that the proposed dynamic automated lane change maneuver can avoid potential collisions during the lane change process effectively.     

国内外高级驾驶辅助系统标准测试场景研究

文章围绕前向碰撞预警系统FCW、车道偏离预警系统LDW、主动紧急制动系统AEB、车道保持系统LKA、自适应巡航系统ACC等5种辅助功能,研究各种功能的场景布置,结合国内外现状及实际测试经验,提出场景案例设计建议。     

Collision avoidance analysis for transition taper length

Transition taper length plays a vitally important role in work zone safety operations because too short a transition taper length will result in higher accident risks and too long a transition taper length could increase traffic delay. This paper evaluates transition taper length under various traffic conditions and road geometries using collision avoidance analysis. The longitudinal distances for lane changing and emergency stopping manoeuvres are respectively calculated using collision avoidance analysis. The higher value between the longitudinal lane changing distance and emergency stopping distance is considered as the expected transition taper length. The comparison of transition taper lengths from the collision avoidance analysis and current empirical transition taper formulae shows that the collision avoidance analysis has the capability of evaluating transition taper lengths. This paper also contributes to providing theoretical supports for these empirical formulae.     

广西山区高速公路路面类型设计比选及对策

文章通过论述广西山区高速公路对路面性能的特殊要求,采用多方案比选论证,得出水泥混凝土路面是较为适合的路面类型的结论,并针对广西山区高速公路水泥混凝土路面可能出现的问题,提出了相应的处理措施,为广西山区高速公路路面的设计、施工及管理提供参考。     

Categorization of the lane change decision process on freeways

Traffic operations for new road layouts are often simulated using microscopic traffic simulation packages. These traffic simulation packages usually simulate traffic on freeways by a combination of a car-following model and a lane change model. The car-following models have gained attention of researchers and are well calibrated versus data. The proposed lane change models are often representations of assumed reasonable behavior, not necessarily corresponding to reality. The current simulation packages apply solely one specific type of model for car-following or lane changing for all vehicles during the simulation. This paper investigates the decision process of lane changing maneuvers for a variety of drivers based on a two-stage test-drive. Participants are asked to take a drive on a freeway in the Netherlands in a camera-equipped vehicle. Afterwards, the drivers are asked to comment on their choices related to lane and speed choice, while watching the video. This paper reveals that different drivers have completely different strategies to choose lanes, and the choices to change lane are related to their speed choice. Four distinct strategies are empirically found. These strategies differ not only in parameter values, as is currently being modeled in most simulation packages, but also in their reasoning. Most remarkably, all drivers perceive their strategy as an obvious behavior and expect all other drivers to drive in a similar way. In addition to the interviews of the participants in the test-drive, 11 people who did not take part in the experiment were interviewed and questioned on lane change decisions. Moreover, the findings of this study have been presented to various groups of audience with different backgrounds (about 150 people). Their comments and feedback on the derived driving strategies have added some value to this study. The findings in this paper form a starting point for developing a novel lane change model which considers four different driving strategies among the drivers on freeway. This is a significant contribution in the area of driving behavior modeling, since the existing microscopic simulators consider only one type of lane change models for all drivers during the simulation. This could lead to significant changes in the way lane changes on freeways are modeled.     

Analysis of Metropolitan Highway Capacity and the growth in vehicle miles of travel

A number of recent studies have examined the hypothesis of induced travel in an attempt to quantify the phenomenon (Hansen & Huang 1997; Noland, forthcoming). No study has yet attempted to adjust for potential simultaneity bias in the results. This study addresses this issue by the use of an instrumental variable (two stage least squares) approach. Metropolitan level data compiled by the Texas Transportation Institute for their annual congestion report is used in the analysis and urbanized land area is used as an instrument for lane miles of capacity. While this is not an ideal instrument, results still suggest a strong causal relationship but probably that most previous work has had an upward bias in the coefficient estimates. The effect of lane mile additions on VMT growth is forecast and found to account for about 15% of annual VMT growth with substantial variation between metropolitan areas. This effect appears to be closely correlated with percent growth in lane miles, suggesting that rapidly growing areas can attribute a greater share of their VMT growth to growth in lane miles.