Exploring paratransit service quality based on low-income women's perception: A case study in Dhaka city by structural equation model (SEM)

In developing countries paratransit plays a vital role as a public transport mode since mass transit system is inadequate. This research investigates low-income working womens satisfaction level on various service features of paratransit modes based on their experience. Structural Equation Model (SEM) was employed to capture low-income working women's perceptions of paratransit service quality (SQ) in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Achieving the study objective, a questionnaire survey was conducted on existing paratransit routes from Kamrangichor and Jhauchor slum areas where no bus service is available. Total 410 regular paratransit users who usually use this mode getting to and from workplace participated in the survey during July 2018. To evaluate the paratransit SQ the passengers were asked to rate their perception about 22 service attributes on a likert scale of five points. A series of SEMs were developed to explore the relationship of service features for the overall paratransit SQ. Among the five models the best one is selected by different goodness-of-fit values (CFI = 0.82, TLI = 0.79, RMSEA = 0.12, SRMR = 0.059, AIC = 18,666.94). Model 5 is the best structure developed with four latent variables: ‘Service feature’, ‘System performance’, ‘Safety and security’ and ‘Reliability’ This research explores that ‘Security of goods’, ‘Security of passengers’, ‘Movement flexibility in any road’, ‘Travel expenditure compared to other transport’, and ‘Quality of driver’ are 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th most significant variables that impact on the SQ positively, which represents the real scenario. The outcomes of this research might assist operators and policymakers in formulating policies to enhance urban paratransit SQ.     

Driving behavior in mixed traffic flow: A novel model for assessing bus movement considering the interaction with motorcyclists

Improving level of service (LOS) is an essential requirement for a sustainable public transport development of a city. A large number of previous studies have considered bus LOS on viewpoints of its users. It should, however, be noted that the viewpoint of non-bus travelers is also equally important because they are potential to be bus users. This paper suggests a novel model for transport planners to assess driving behavior of bus drivers through a consideration of bus movement in association with motorcyclists' interaction. Bus movement assessment is modelled based on GPS and traffic surveillance video data in correlation with the traffic density estimated under Kalman-filter algorithm. A case study in Hanoi, Vietnam showed an illustration to the model.     

Evaluation of risk factors for road accidents under mixed traffic: Case study on Indian highways

This paper presents an evaluation of risk factors for highway crashes under mixed traffic conditions. The basis of selecting study sites was abutting land use, roadway, and traffic characteristics. Accordingly, the study selected thirteen segments on the existing highway network in the state of West Bengal of India, covering a wide spectrum of such road attributes. A systematic investigation based on site-specific accident data to capture the highway sections' safety features revealed that the crash rate has steadily increased for years with traffic regardless of roadway category and conditions. A number of risk factors that affect road accidents were identified; they are mid-block access, pavement and shoulder conditions, vehicle involvement, time of day, and road configuration, i.e., two and multi-lane. The empirical observation indicates that the crash rate is relatively lower on multi-lane highways; however, the severity of any crash on such a road is relatively high. Notably, the crash frequencies on such roads are less during daylight hours due to the lane-based unidirectional traffic movement. This is quite the opposite during nighttime when drivers exhibit an inability to meet traffic contingencies, thereby increasing crash risk. The majority of crashes on two-lane highways are, on the other hand, due to unsafe driving manoeuvers. The study also observed that frequent mid-block accesses and poor shoulder conditions reduce scopes to rectify driving errors and increase crash risk as a consequence. The paper subsequently suggests proactive approaches to identify safety deficits at the time of planning and designing.     

Analyzing travelers' attitude towards ride-hailing services in developing countries: Case of Lahore,Pakistan

Ride-hailing services are gaining momentum to meet the urban travel demand in the absence of proper public transport in developing countries. To the best of our knowledge, research on passenger's behavior and attitude towards the service quality of ride-hailing services and certainly studies focusing on developing countries are quite rare. Ride-hailing services were launched to meet the travel demand of residents throughout the city of Lahore, Pakistan in 2015. A revealed preferences study of 865 respondents consisting their demographic, travel information and perceptions related to selected attributes of service quality was carried out to examine their attitude and behavior towards the use of ride-hailing services in Lahore, Pakistan.Most of the users of these services are young, well-educated and have relatively high income. The travelers who were using Rickshaw services before are found to be the frequent users of these services and ride-hailing services have started replacing respondents' previous modes of travel. Exploratory factor analysis were employed on collected data to identify the factors effecting the traveler's perceptions regarding the use of ride-hailing services and structural model of users' satisfaction were constructed based on these factors later.The results exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that significant determinants of passenger's satisfaction with ride-hailing services are coverage and accessibility attributes (CAA), instrumental attributes (IA), service attraction attributes (SAA) and safety attributes (SA). The number of trips, trip purpose, income, education, time since the use of these services, profession and household size are also significant parameters in the determination of traveler's behavior and attitude towards the use of ride-hailing services in Lahore city. The commuter's overall satisfaction with service quality of app-based services have positive association with travelers intentions to continue use of app-based services and their believe that these services have filled the gap of public transport in the city and replacing previous modes of travel. The further improvements in attributes will enhance the traveler's satisfaction with these services. Insight into the attitude and perceptions of travelers would be useful for the transport planners, ride-hailing companies and policy makers for making appropriate improvements in the services and giving them space in existing transport system.     

Factors affecting lane change crashes

This study aims to investigate the contributing factors affecting the occurrence of crashes while lane-changing maneuvers of drivers. Two different data sets were used from the same drivers' population. The first data set was collected from the traffic police crash reports and the second data set was collected through a questionnaire survey that was conducted among 429 drivers. Two different logistic regression models were developed by employing the two sets of the collected data. The results of the crash occurrence model showed that the drivers' factors (gender, nationality and years of experience in driving), location and surrounding condition factors (non-junction locations, light and road surface conditions) and roads feature (road type, number of lanes and speed limit value) are the significant variables that affected the occurrence of lane-change crashes. About 57.2% of the survey responders committed that different sources of distractions were the main reason for their sudden or unsafe lane change including 21.2% was due to mobile usage. The drivers' behavior model results showed that drivers who did sudden lane change are more likely to be involved in traffic crashes with 2.53 times than others. The drivers who look towards the side mirrors and who look out the windows before lane-change intention have less probability to be involved in crashes by 4.61 and 3.85 times than others, respectively. Another interesting finding is that drivers who reported that they received enough training about safe lane change maneuvering during issuing the driving licenses are less likely to be involved in crashes by 2.06 times than other drivers.     

Development of E-rickshaw driving cycle (ERDC) based on micro-trip segments using random selection and K-means clustering techniques

In India, auto rickshaws are the most convenient and cheapest mode of near-to-door transport in both rural and urban areas. Such vehicles powered with internal combustion engines (ICEs) are one of the main sources of pollutants on urban corridors. One way to minimize tail-pipe emissions is to use electric motors in place of ICE. To evaluate the vehicle performance, energy consumption, driving behavior, optimal design and management of such electric vehicles, driving cycle is an important tool. So far, only limited studies exist on the development of a driving cycle for e-rickshaw. Moreover, these studies are concentrated in urban traffic environment and research accounting rural and urban environment together remain unexplored. In this study, real world driving data for 100 trips of e-rickshaw are collected on a road stretch passing through rural and urban setting. A high-end GPS data logger was used to collect vehicle kinematics such as continuous speed profile, acceleration/deceleration, heading, and vehicle position coordinates. Nine different driving characteristics representing actual traffic conditions are identified and used for developing e-rickshaw driving cycle (ERDC). Two approaches, random selection and k-means clustering are explored to arrive at best representative ERDC using micro-trips technique. The analysis results revealed that k-means clustering outperforms the random selection method with additional benefit of accounting traffic conditions systematically. The insights from this study can be used to understand and model the performance of e-rickshaw, in terms of energy consumption and driving characteristics, compared to other fossil-fuel driven automobiles.     

联网高速公路交通信息服务系统建设

从我国联网高速公路交通信息服务匮乏的现状出发,探讨我国交通信息服务不完善的原因。根据ITS系统框架,提出适用于我国联网高速公路的交通信息服务系统框架,论述交通信息服务系统的组成部分和实现条件,提出交通信息服务系统分阶段建设目标及展望。     

Single wheel hub motor failures and their impact on vehicle and driver behaviour

This research work studies the impact of single wheel hub motor failures on the dynamic behaviour of electric vehicles and the corresponding driver reactions. An experimental study in a moving-base driving simulator is conducted to analyse the influence of single wheel hub motor failures for motorway speeds. Driver reaction times are derived from the measured data and discussed in their experimental context. The failure is rated objectively on the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle and compared to the subjective evaluation. Findings indicate that critical traffic situations impairing traffic safety can occur for motorway speeds. Clear counteractions by the drivers had to be taken.     

Can't drive,I'm drunk – Exploring factors influencing the intention to drink and drive among Indian drivers

The crash risk of drivers increases significantly while driving under the influence of alcohol. However, the drivers' intention to drink and drive has not been explored yet in the context of a developing country like India. The present study applied an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to investigate the psychosocial predictors of drunk driving intentions of Indian drivers. 252 drivers participated in a self-reported survey designed for the study. Apart from the standard TPB components (attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control), the survey also captured the extension measures such as risk perceptions, moral norms, traffic fatalism, sensation-seeking, conformity tendency, past engagement in drunk driving, crash history and driver demographics. The standard TPB model was successful in explaining 68.6% of the variance in the intention to drink and drive. The attitudes displayed the strongest influence on the intention (β = 0.696, p < 0.001), followed by perceived behavioural control (β = 0.180, p < 0.001); whereas subjective norms showed a moderate significance in influencing the intention (β = 0.062, p < 0.1). Among the extension variables, past behaviour showed the strongest influence on the intention to drink and drive (β = 0.123, p < 0.05), followed by sensation-seeking (β = 0.080, p < 0.05) and traffic fatalism (β = 0.072, p < 0.1). The extended TPB model explained 72% of the variance in the intention to drink and drive. The study findings can assist in the development of strategies/interventions to reduce drunk driving incidences.An earlier version of the paper was presented at the TRB 101st Annual Meeting, Washington, D. C., 2022.     

Traffic safety culture of professional drivers in the State of Qatar

Professional drivers play a significant role within the traffic system of the State of Qatar. With developing infrastructure, the need for professional drivers is growing. However, knowledge is lacking about their perception of traffic safety. Therefore, this study investigates the personal acceptance of risky driving and suggested traffic laws among this specific group of drivers, in order to create understanding about their likelihood to commit certain risky driving behaviors and their resistance to the implementation of certain traffic laws. The aim of this study is to establish which personal attributes of professional drivers in Qatar could influence a high likelihood to commit risky driving behaviors, estimating which specific groups of professional drivers impose the highest risk to violate certain traffic laws. Results indicate that transportation mode, origin and years of driving experience are all personal attributes that have a significant impact on the professional driver's risk to commit risky driving behaviors and their opposition to the implementation of related traffic laws. Distressing results have been found for the high likelihood to violate speed in school zones and the high risk to be distracted by any type of phone use while driving, suggesting the need to put emphasize on these safety hazards during the training programs of professional drivers at professional driving schools in the State of Qatar.     

交警非现场执法效果分析

通过分析非现场执法的执行效果,为交管部门改善执法形式提供依据。对国内729位驾驶员接受非现场执法后的态度进行网络问卷调查,基于调查数据进行描述性统计分析、方差分析与对比分析,并通过结构方程模型研究影响执法效果的主要影响因素。结果表明非现场执法整体效果欠佳,告知程序与处罚程序中均存在不足之处,驾驶员接受处罚后的态度受到告知时间与违法种类的显著影响,且非现场执法的总体效果劣于交警现场执法。通过结构方程模型发现执法准确性与严厉性对执法效果具有正向效应,执法公正性对执法效果产生复杂的间接效应,而缴款便利性对执法效果具有负向效应。      

交通信息短信发布系统研发

为实现交通信息增值服务,提出了基于服务提供商（SP）的交通信息SMS发布系统。叙述了交通信息服务背景和交通信息发布的几种主要方式,并通过分析系统的总体框架,设计了交通信息服务的数据流程和系统的4个基本功能模块,分析了系统开发过程中的关键技术,并给出了1个系统应用实例。     

Traffic safety culture of drivers in Canada: Implications for new traffic law implementation to enhance traffic safety

This study investigates Canada's traffic safety culture (TSC) as part of a global research project. The TSC survey data collected by an online survey is used to predict drivers' perception of changes in traffic problems in the past 3 years, driver's support, opposition towards enforcement of additional traffic laws, and drivers' perceived threat towards risky driving behaviors. A two-step procedure is followed to build models. The first step includes feature selection using the chi-square test of independence. The second step comprises building classification models using the Random Forest technique. Results suggest that drivers' personal attributes like the number of accident records, driving frequency, geographic region of nationality, and religion are top predictor variables for drivers' perception towards changes in traffic problems. In addition, compared to others most drivers perceive distracted driving as a major traffic problem today. There is strong disapproval of drivers against the following driving behaviors and strong support to implement laws against it: speeding in school zones, talking on a hand-held cell phone, tying text messages or e-mails, drowsy driving, driving without wearing their seatbelt, drive with passengers not wearing seatbelts, running through red lights, and impaired driving. In contrast, following risky driving behaviors is less of a perceived threat: speeding over limit on a freeway, on a residential street, and in an urban area and talking on a hands-free cell phone while driving. In addition, a driver's accident record is a significant indicator for a perceived threat towards risky driving behaviors followed by age and accumulated demerit points. The results from this study can be used to guide educational campaigns to transform the traffic safety culture of target groups and make more informed policy decisions.     

交通违法监控对职业与非职业驾驶人的心理及行为影响调查分析

为了发现交通违法监控对职业与非职业驾驶人的心理及行为的不同影响,采用问卷调查方法,获得321份关于这2类驾驶人在有无交通违法监控下的驾驶心理与驾驶行为选择、对安装交通违法监控的态度等11个题目的数据,对其进行了卡方分析和配对样本t检验.结果表明,非职业驾驶人与职业驾驶人通过有监控和无监控2种交叉口时的心理存在不同;交通违法监控对非职业驾驶人的影响大于职业驾驶人,无交通违法监控下,非职业驾驶人的冒险行为倾向大于职业驾驶人冒险行为倾向;非职业驾驶人在无监控交叉口与有监控交叉口驾驶行为有显著性差异;职业驾驶人在无监控交叉口与有监控交叉口驾驶行为选择差异不显著;无论是非职业驾驶人还是职业驾驶人,大多数都支持和认可安装交通违法监控.      

对我国高速公路安全管理系统的探讨

在高速公路交通事故及其严重程度的致因中安全管理系统的健全不容忽视。通过对我国某条高速公路交通安全管理系统和交通事故的致因分析,从管理体制和交通安全角度剖析了高速公路安全管理中存在的问题,提出了:实行"统一管理,综合执法",或在现有的管理模式下,高速公路的交通警察和监控人员在监控中心合署办公,共同处理高速公路上的交通安全问题;限制超速行驶、加强对货车、危险品运输及高速公路结构和安全设施的管理,优化服务意识、建立信息协调机制、充分利用交通广播等其他安全管理措施和方法以完善高速公路交通安全管理,建立一套符合我国国情的高速公路安全管理措施和方法,以期达到为公路用户提供安全、舒适和快速的运行环境的目的。     

A review of studies on service quality of intermediate public transport

Intermediate public transport (IPT) or paratransit is an indispensable part of the transportation system in low and middle-income countries. This paper presents the state-of-the-art research advances in the domain of paratransit service quality evaluation through the use of systematic bibliographic analysis. The annual production rate of publication in this sector is 17.88%, which indicates the growing intensity of research activity in this subject and thus justifies the need to perform a thorough review of available literature. This holistic approach is aimed at providing comprehensive information on paratransit research areas, the citation networks, along with the contribution of different countries. All pertinent research studies published in Scopus until 2021 are analyzed to acquire research status in this domain. For the extraction of valuable knowledge from the archives of large-scale literature, the co-occurrence and the co-citation networks of concurrence are constructed. Visualizing the bibliographic network gives a clear understanding of the extent of the literature available, areas of expertise, and research trends. The comprehensive analysis of the shortlisted documents led to the identification of various sub-sectors of the research field, types of paratransit vehicles, and research methodologies adopted by different scholars to evaluate service quality. The research gap thus identified is that despite acknowledging the importance of IPT and its vital role in many developing countries, very few research studies have been conducted to evaluate its service quality. The significant findings through an in-depth review provide ways for the scope of future work.     

不良天气下驾驶行为研究综述

不良天气会对城市交通的运行和安全造成较大影响.事实上,不良天气条件下驾驶员驾驶行为的变化是造成交通拥堵和事故发生的根本原因.针对不良天气下的驾驶行为进行综述,对研究不良天气条件下的交通拥堵及事故具有积极意义.面向国内外不良天气条件下驾驶行为研究的进展,从雨、雪、雾3种常见的不良天气出发,对不良天气条件下环境变化及其对驾驶行为的影响进行分析,并对不良天气条件下驾驶行为的研究方向进行探讨.相关研究发现,不同等级的雨、雪、雾天气下驾驶员选择的车速、车头时距等驾驶行为参数以及反应时间、车辆启动延迟均存在较大差异.      

基于嗅觉刺激的驾驶员负向情绪正向调控方法研究

针对驾驶员在异常情绪下更容易导致交通事故发生的问题，研究一种用于智能座舱的驾驶员异常情绪正向调控方法。招募 30 名被试者进行试验，利用视频素材诱发驾驶员愤怒等负向情绪，利用 E-prime 软件控制的嗅觉体验测试仪释放薰衣草、甜橙、沉香木气味对驾驶员负向情绪进行正向调节，采用 ErgoLab 多通道生理仪检测记录在气味刺激下被试者的心电信号 （ECG）、光电容积脉搏波信号 （PPG）、呼吸信号 （RESP） 等生理特征信号；采用问卷调查获取被试者的主观感受；使用面部表情识别软件对驾驶员情绪进行分析，联合主客观数据分析驾驶员的情绪调节效果，通过 30组对照试验研究3种嗅觉刺激气体对负向情绪的调节效果，结果表明，沉香木调节效果最好，甜橙其次，薰衣草最差。     

高等级公路综合管理系统框架体系研究

研究了高等级公路综合管理系统（IMS）框架与国家智能运输系统体系框架关系，明确了IMS的用户包括驾驶员、乘客、行人、高等级公路设施管理部门、设施维护部门、交通管理部门、公安部门、消防部门、急救中心和政府、规划部门等相关团体。高等级公路综合管理系统框架体系分为6个功能域，即交通监控、紧急事件与安全管理、收费管理、出行者信息服务、先进的设施建设与维护、数据管理等，文章分析了6个功能域各自的系统功能、子功能为实现功能的过程。文章还提出了采用伪码语言描述功能实现的过程的方法，最后对综合管理系统所涉及的数据字典进行了分析。     

基于交通信息的电动汽车制动策略及仿真

为了提高滑行能量回收经济性和踏板制动安全性、舒适性,基于交通信息,提出了电动汽车(EV)制动协调策略。分析了滑行制动的经济性,由交通信息和汽车行驶状态确定滑行制动强度;由道路信息和前方车辆信息建立汽车安全距离模型和碰撞预警策略,利用预警信息对滑行制动和踏板制动强度进行协调。对本策略进行仿真验证。结果表明:利用交通信息的滑行策略,在通行良好工况下综合能耗减少1.1%,拥堵工况下减轻驾驶员的制动疲劳;预警和协调策略避免了频繁预警,减小了紧急避撞触发几率。因此,利用交通信息能够辅助驾驶员进行更加合理的制动。