氢-溴储能电池膜电极的研究

采用不同电池结构组装成氢-溴储能单电池,进行恒电流充放电测试.通过分析电解性能、充放电循环性能和电池效率,研究了不同电池结构对电池性能的影响.结果表明,膜电极的CCM两侧喷涂催化剂,阴极为担载Pt/C催化剂(担载量为1 mg/cm~2)的碳毡的电池在200 m A/cm~2电流密度下进行充放电测试,其催化活性最高,电极反应效率最快,电池的充放电性能最好,能量效率和电压效率达到68.9%和70.3%.     

聚合物修饰膜中中继体扩散系数的测定

采用计时电流法测定中继体Os(bpy)23 /3 在聚合物AQ单层和AQ与PVP组成的复合膜修饰电极中的扩散系数分别为4.57×10-9cm2/s和1.44×10-8cm2/s。结果显示复合膜中中继体的扩散系数比单层膜中的扩散系数大3倍。     

质子交换膜燃料电池用碳纳米管载铂催化剂的研究

采用原位化学还原法制备碳纳米管载铂(Pt／CNTs)和碳粉载铂(Pt／C)催化剂，并对它们进行透射电镜分析和X射线衍射分析，同时制成膜电板，组成单电池，对质子交换膜燃料电池的性能进行测试．实验结果表明，所制备的两种催化剂中铂粒径均较小(4nm左右)，而Pt／CNTs表现出的催化性能比Pt／C更优越。     

单相动作电位同步记录电极的建立和应用

目的　设计跨心室壁三层单相动作电位(MAP)同步记录电极,为跨心室壁复极异质性的在体研究提供有效途径。方法　以改造的 12 号不锈钢针头为外鞘,按先后顺序将彼此绝缘的外、中、内膜电极依次与外鞘组装,经过绝缘性、电导通性检测后,分别在体记录了兔、犬跨左心室壁内、中、外膜心肌的单相动作电位和心电图。结果　①兔左心室前壁内、中、外三层单相动作电位形态各不相同,中、外膜层 MAP复极起始部分具有典型的“峰和圆顶”特征,内膜层MAP复极过程中不存在明显切迹;在心率为272 次/min时,兔左心室内、中、外层心肌动作电位时程分别为 140、140、130 ms;动作电位幅度分别为17.5、19.31、11.51 mV。②犬中、外膜层心肌复极起始部分具有“峰和圆顶”特征,中膜层心肌1期切迹不如外膜层典型,内膜层心肌复极1期仅有小的切迹;心率为 139 次/min时,犬内、中、外层心肌动作电位时程分别为230、250、200 ms;动作电位幅度分别为46.33、66.41、43.30 mV。结论　自制单相动作电位能清晰、有效的记录在体动物跨心室壁各层的动作电位,可用于跨心室壁复极异质性的在体实验研究。     

质子交换膜燃料电池的性能

以铂黑为电催化剂、Nafion117为电解质制备了膜&电极组件,分析了电极结构、电池结构和操作条件对质子交换膜燃料电池性能的影响.结果表明:催化层内的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)和质子导体Nafion的含量都有一最佳值范围,过少不能提供足够的反应界面、气体通道和质子通道;过多则增大气体和质子传递阻力.提高温度和压力将改善电池内电化学反应和传质.良好的电池结构将有利于电池排水和减小接触电阻.     

原子交换膜燃料电池的性能

以铂黑为电催化剂,Ｎａｆｉｏｎ１１７为电解质制备了膜＆电极组件,分析了电极结构,电池结构和操作条件对质子交换膜燃料电池性能的影响。结果表明：催化层内的聚四氟乙烯和质子导体Ｎａｆｉｏｎ的含量都有一最佳值范围,过少不能提供足够的反应界面,气体通道和质子通道;过多则增大气体和质子传递阻力。     

Mn化合物结构对Fe-Mn基钢钝化膜耐蚀性的影响

利用阳极极化曲线、俄歇电子能谱(AES)以及X射线光电子谱(XPS)测试技术研究Fe-25Mn和Fe-24Mn-4Al-5Cr钢分别在1 mol/L Na₂SO₄溶液和30%NaOH溶液中的钝化行为、钝化膜的成分及钝化膜的结构变化,得出Mn化合物结构对Fe-Mn基钢钝化膜耐蚀性的影响规律。研究结果表明：在1 mol/L Na₂SO₄溶液中,Fe-25Mn钢处于活化溶解状态,Fe-24Mn-4Al-5Cr钢则呈现钝化状态,钝化膜中Mn元素贫乏,Al、Cr元素富集;钝化膜主要由致密的Al₂O₃和Cr₂O₃组成,结构疏松的Mn₂O₃发生溶解,降低了Fe-Mn基钢钝化膜耐蚀性。在30%NaOH溶液中,Fe-25Mn钢表现出与Fe-24Mn-4Al-5Cr钢相近的钝化能力,钝化膜中只出现Mn元素的富集,结构致密的Mn(OH)₃是钝化膜的有效保护组分,显著提高...     

SnO_2/CNTs复合材料的制备与表征

采用热蒸发法制备SnO2/CNTs复合材料,在不同工艺条件下制备了SnO2/CNTs复合材料,对影响SnO2/CNTs复合材料的生长条件,主要是温度和环境压力等参数进行了研究.使用X射线衍射仪、拉曼谱仪对样品进行了成分及结构测试,并用扫描电镜对样品表面形貌进行了观测.结果表明,以温度900℃、压力0.08 MPa、保温时间120 min为参数制备的复合材料纯度最高.进一步分析了沉积理论,证明低温、高压利于SnO:的形成.     

基于水传递的质子交换膜燃料电池动态响应过程模拟

项目摘要：质子交换膜燃料电池很多情况下应用于变负载工况．尤其有液态水存在时,气体传质速度与与电子传递速度不一致,导致电池结构和性能受损、寿命降低。本课题基于质子交换膜燃料电池在物理尺度上的划分（膜或扩散层、电极、单电池）,采用多尺度建模方法研究两相水传递情况下的动态响应特性．采用格子玻尔兹曼方法探讨负载变化时水相变机制,     

质子交换膜燃料电池的性能

以铂黑为电催化剂、Nafion117为电解质制备了膜＆电极组件,分析了电极结构、电池结构和操作条件对质子交换膜燃料电池性能的影响．结果表明：催化层内的聚四氯乙烯（PTFE）和质子导体Nafion的含量都有一最佳值范围,过少不能提供足够的反应界面、气体通道和质子通道;过多则增大气体和质子传递阻力．提高温度和压力将改善电池内电化学反应和传质．良好的电池结构将有利于电池排水和减小接触电阻．     

Annealing effect and stability of carbon nanotubes in hydrogen flame

Annealing of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by the hydrogen flame in air was investigated in this study. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the products. The peak width of Raman spectra decreased with the increase in the annealing time. The CNTs were not stable in the hydrogen flame and the etching rate of the CNTs by hydrogen flame was very high. The hydrogen flame annealing had some effects on improving the crystallinity of CNTs.     

Effect of carbon nanotube concentration on cooling behaviors of oil-based nanofluids during the immersion quenching

Oil-based nanofluids including 0.75%—1.75%(mass fraction) carbon nanotubes(CNTs) without any surfactants have been synthesized by a two-step process. The probes machined from 45~# steel with 22 mm diameter and 50 mm length are quenched in the as-synthesized CNT nanofluids for testing the cooling behaviors of the nanofluids. The laser diffraction particle size analyzer, scanning electronic microscope(SEM), X-ray diffractometer and transmission electron microscope(TEM) are used to characterize the quality and distribution of CNTs in the nanofluids. The wettability and viscosity of 30~# oil and oil-based CNT nanofluids are measured by a goniometer at 15℃ and a rotational type viscometer at 40℃, respectively. The results show that the cooling efficiency of the oil-based CNT nanofluids is better than that of 30~# oil. Moreover, the cooling rate of the naonofluids increases with the further increase of the CNT concentration. When the mass fraction of CNTs increases to 1.75%, the cooling rate of the naonofluids reaches a maximum at 760℃ and it is increased by 77.8% as compared to that of base oil. The improved cooling rate of oil by CNTs is mainly due to the uniform distribution and excellent thermal conductivity of CNTs.     

Friction and wear performances of hot filament chemical vapor deposition multilayer diamond films coated on silicon carbide under water lubrication

Tribological properties of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond films greatly affect its application in the mechanical field. In this paper, a novel multilayer structure is proposed, with which multilayer diamond films are deposited on silicon carbide by hot filament CVD (HFCVD) method. The different micrometric diamond grains are produced by adjusting deposition parameters. The as-deposited multilayer diamond films are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and white-light interferometry. The friction tests performed on a reciprocating ball-on-plate tribometer suggest that silicon carbide presents the friction coefficient of 0.400 for dry sliding against silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) ceramic counterface. With the water lubrication, the corresponding friction coefficients of silicon carbide and as-deposited multilayer diamond films further reduce to 0.193 and 0.051, respectively. The worn surfaces indicate that multilayer diamond films exhibit considerably high wear resistance.     

A study of single-walled carbon nanotubes modified by organics of the phthalocyanine category

Organics of the phthalocyanine category have very good nonlinear optical properties. The single-walled carbon nanotubes were modified by using the phenoxy phthalocyanine. Characterization analysis was made by means of the transmission electron microscope (TEM), ultraviolet visible absorptive spectra, fluorescent spectra and Raman spectra. Under the TEM, it was observed that the composite looked like sugarcoated haws. By comparing the ultraviolet visible absorptive spectra before and after absorption, it was disclosed that the spectral intensity and the intensity of the peaks in the fluorescent spectra dropped remarkably. This shows that the single-walled carbon nanotubes have absorbed a large number of phenoxy phthalocyanines. Raman analysis revealed that in the Raman spectra, the position of the main peaks of the single-walled carbon nanotubes after absorption moved in the direction of long waves. The analysis suggests that the movement of the Raman spectra results from the change in the state of the single-walled carbon nanotubes before and after absorption.     

Electrocatalytic oxidation and determination of dopamine at a carbon ionic liquid electrode modified with nafion-L-aspartic acid composite film

The electrocatalytic oxidation of dopamine (DA) was studied by electrochemical approaches at a carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) modified with the composite film of nafion and L-aspartic acid (NL-CILE). The CILE was fabricated by replacing non-conductive organic binders with a room-temperature hydrophobic ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate. The composite film of NL was used as matrix to adsorb DA and catalyze the oxidation of DA in phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The electrochemical response of DA was investigated at the NL-CILE, the traditional carbon paste electrode (TCPE), CILE and the nafion modified CILE (N-CILE) in 0.1M PBS (pH 7.4), respectively. The results showed the superiority of NL-CILE to N-CILE, CILE and TCPE in terms of provision of higher sensitivity, faster electron transfer and better reversibility. Under optimum condition, the oxidation peak current was rectilinear with DA concentration range from 0.1μM to 0.1mM, with a detection limit of 0.03μM (S/N=3) by differential pulse voltammetry. The proposed method was applied to determine DA in samples successfully.     

Field emission from carbon nanotube/tin composite

Powder metallurgy was used to fabricate carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission cathodes. CNTs and tin (Sn) powder were blended, compacted and sintered. After polishing and etching, CNTs were exposed and protruded from the metal surface. CNTs were embedded into the Sn matrix, which acted as stable field emitters. The J-E curves show excellent field emission properties, such as low turn-on field of 2.8 V/μm, high emission current density and good current stability.     

Irradiation Effect of γ Rays on Diamond-Like Carbon Films

Diamond-like carbon films, prepared by RF glow discharge on glasssubstrates, were irradiated by γ rays. The as-deposited and irradiated films were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, electrical resistivity, and infrared transmittance. It is shown that the irradiation of the γ rays can lead to the breaking of SP3C-H and SP2C-H bonds, slight increasing of SP3C-C bonds, and induced hydrogen recombination with H2 molecules, subsequently diffusing to the surface of the films. When the γ rays irradiation dose reached 10×104 Gy, the numbers of SP3C-H bonds was decreased by about 50%, the resistivity of irradiated DLC films was increased, and the diamond-like character of the films became more obvious. The structure of DLC films was modified when irradiated by γ rays. The irradiation mechanisms are briefly discussed.     

有机半导体薄膜三极管的研制

采用有机半导体材料铜酞化氰和肖特基形栅极静电感应三极管结构制作有机薄膜三极管并对其电气特性进行了测试评价，制作的肖特基栅极有机SIT与MOSFET相比惆的动作特性与栅极偏压和梳状栅极的结构有很强的关系。     

有机半导体薄膜三极管的研制

采用有机半导体材料铜酞化氰和肖特基形栅极静电感应三极管结构制作有机薄膜三极管并对其电气特性进行了测试评价.制作的肖特基栅极有机SIT与MOSFET相比导电沟道长大幅缩短,而且通过适当的梳状电极结构设计,获得了良好的动作特性.有机SIT的动作特性与栅极偏压和梳状栅极的结构有很强的关系.     

ICP-PECVD法制备类金刚石膜

以CH4为放电气体,利用电感耦合等离子体化学气相沉积（ICP—PECVD）法制备了类金刚石薄膜,使用FTIR、AFM、台阶仪对薄膜进行了表征,并对薄膜的沉积过程进行了光谱诊断（OES）．研究了射频功率和基底在放电腔体中的位置对薄膜表面粗糙度、沉积速率和硬度的影响．实验结果表明：A位置处薄膜粗糙度随着功率的增加先减小后增大,随着射频功率的升高,薄膜的硬度逐渐增大,沉积速率先增大后减小,而薄膜硬度和沉积速率都随着与线圈中心距离的增加而减小．光谱诊断结果显示,随着功率的升高,Iβ/Iα和CH的强度呈增大趋势．结合上述研究结果,分析了影响薄膜生长的多种因素．