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文中基于区间数规划法研究了汽车乘员约束系统的不确定优化问题.首先,利用MADYMO软件建立了乘员约束系统的仿真模型,并通过试验验证.接着确定以加权伤害准则为目标,安全带刚度、安全带上挂点位置和限力器的撕裂力与撕裂伸长等为设计变量,座椅和膝盖挡板的刚度为不确定量,并基于区间数规划法将不确定优化问题转化为确定性优化问题.通过拉丁超立方试验设计,建立目标函数和约束函数的近似模型,再利用序列二次规划算法和遗传算法分别作为内外层的求解器进行优化.最终,获得乘员约束系统参数的近似最优解. 相似文献
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分析和阐述了汽车碰撞事故中乘员伤害的原因及相应对策,重点介绍了各种安全带装置的特点、安全带的发展动态以及预紧式安全带和限力式安全带的工作原理。 相似文献
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文章使用MADYMO软件建立了包含Hybrid Ⅲ 5%小身材假人的50 km/h正面全宽碰撞后排乘员约束系统仿真模型,根据仿真与实车碰撞试验的对比结果验证仿真模型的有效性。选取座垫摩擦系数、座垫刚度、座垫长度、安全带限力级别和安全带预张紧器作用时间作为优化设计参数,利用正交分析的方法,确定优化匹配结果。通过对优化后的配置进行实车试验,验证了优化的有效性。 相似文献
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主动控制卷收器(ACR)能改善乘员的离位位移并降低二次碰撞的风险。为探究制动工况下ACR对乘员的影响,首先进行志愿者实车道路试验和试验数据的乘员运动响应分析,并建立了包括主动人体模型的仿真模型。模型对标后搭建Kriging近似模型并采用NSGA-Ⅱ算法进行ACR参数优化。结果表明:优化后头部质心和第一胸椎(T1)的离位量分别减小了55%和73.44%,且回弹阶段各部位加速度明显减小,预紧力和乘员离位量呈负相关趋势,且与制动前触发相比,制动后触发ACR时,预紧时间的变化对乘员离位的影响较大。 相似文献
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本文利用MADYMO软件建立包含P系列儿童假人、一款国产汽车用儿童座椅和试验台车的儿童乘员约束系统的计算机仿真模型,并模拟了ECE-R44法规规定的正面碰撞台车试验环境。通过与对应产品的台车碰撞试验结果对比,对该模型有效性进行了验证。同时,在已验证模型的基础上,对儿童座椅及台车试验系统设计参数对儿童乘员响应的影响进行了分析,结果表明儿童座椅的摩擦系数、成人安全带刚度、儿童座椅安全带定位孔孔位置对儿童乘员在正面碰撞中的响应影响较大,通过适当的儿童约束系统设计可以降低儿童乘员在碰撞事故中的受伤几率。 相似文献
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针对自动紧急制动系统(AEB)导致乘员在碰撞前出现身体前倾和离位的现象,提出了使用可逆预紧安全带可以改善该现象,并且研究了在AEB和可逆预紧的联合作用下对不同坐姿乘员的保护效果。建立了某车型驾驶员侧包括正常坐姿和四种离位坐姿的约束系统仿真模型,并进行了验证。以五种坐姿乘员为研究对象,分别对比无AEB无可逆预紧,有AEB无可逆预紧,以及有AEB有可逆预紧三种情况下乘员的位移和损伤。结果表明:在只有AEB的作用下,碰撞发生后会增加乘员的离位,当初始坐姿为离位状态时更加严重,导致局部损伤增加,尤其是胸部损伤。在AEB和可逆预紧的联合作用下,各种坐姿下由AEB导致的离位得到改善,对于前移直立坐姿OOP02和左倾坐姿OOP03还能起到纠正初始离位的作用,各部位损伤指标和损伤风险也明显降低。 相似文献
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Radu Alexandru Ionut Cofaru Corneliu Tolea Bogdan 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2017,18(6):1017-1025
The aim of the paper was to determine the kinematic parameters that influence the occupant injury risk through a mathematical model. The developed model is a 2D model composed of 4 bodies (2 vehicles, thorax and head). The head and thorax are interconnected with a rotation joint and a torsion spring meant to stiffen the relative movement between the bodies. The thorax is connected with the vehicle body by a linear spring meant to simulate the seatbelt stiffness. The model was solved using Lagrange principle and the validation of the model was made through a crash test performed using the same initial conditions and comparing the obtained values of the displacement, velocity and acceleration parameters with the ones obtained with the mathematical model. The head and torso were chosen due to the fact that they are the common parts of the body that get injured, especially the head with the change of 80 % to cause fatal injury in car’s frontal collision. Once the model was validated, the stiffness of the seatbelt was modified in order to determine the behavior of the occupant in case of car frontal collisions. When the seatbelt stiffness was reduced, the occupant displacement and velocity increased, while by increasing the stiffness, these parameters decreased. The values of the developed model presented a high degree of similarity with the results obtained from the crash test with an error of 10 %. This model can be used by engineers to easily asses the occupant injury risk in case of vehicle frontal collisions. 相似文献
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针对正面碰撞工况中乘用车后排5%女性乘员颈部损伤问题,对乘员颈部损伤与乘员运动及安全带约束之间的关系进行研究,建立颈部损伤机理矩阵分析模型,提出基于安全带力作用的碰撞过程三区间分段分析改进方案,并通过整车试验对比验证了该改进方案的有效性。结果表明,该方案颈部拉伸力Fz平均降低32%,颈部伸展力矩Mocy平均降低67%,头部损伤指标HIC15平均降低61%,提高了后排5%女性乘员头颈部的碰撞安全性。 相似文献
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In order to prevent the uncontrolled release of seatbelt buckles due to high acceleration caused by pretensioners, anti-g
buckles that have pendulum-shaped g-masses to block the releasing motion are commonly adopted in seatbelt systems. However,
even with the wide applications of anti-g buckles, the underlying operational principles of anti-g buckles have yet to be
investigated. This work studies conditions for the engagement of the g-mass to prevent inertial release, and conditions for
maintaining a blocked state under very high acceleration. Using a multibody model of an anti-g buckle, the effects of various
design parameters on the performance of the anti-g buckle have been examined. It turns out that design variables associated
with the geometry of the g-mass and its contacting surface configuration play important roles. In order to account for the
dynamic interaction between driver and seatbelt, a multibody model of a seatbelt system is combined with a dummy model to
form a single dynamic system. Using the measured displacement of the buckle during the explosion of a pretensioner as the
driving condition for simulation, dynamic analysis of the seatbelt with driver interaction has been carried out. Through comparison
with measured and computed accelerations of webbing, which shows good agreement, the validity of the model has been demonstrated.
The dynamic model for seatbelt and driver can be used as a design tool for the development of anti-g buckles. 相似文献
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为了研究小空间车型第2排乘员在正面碰撞过程中受到的伤害,利用仿真分析的手段,对比分析了不同的车体碰撞波形、乘员布置空间以及约束系统性能参数对第2排乘员伤害的影响,确定了安全带限力等级、车体碰撞波形及第2排座椅坐垫的布置角度是影响第2排乘员保护安全性能的关键因素.针对第2排乘员布置空间较小的车型,在保证第2排假人头部伤害满足目标要求的情况下,减小安全带的限力等级,增大第2排假人头颈部及胸部的前移量,以降低假人颈部及胸部的伤害,从而有效改善了第2排乘员的伤害情况. 相似文献
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In this paper, a numerical procedure to estimate the performance of the high power pretensioner used in the seatbelt of a
passenger vehicle is presented. The data on the gas explosion pressure in a 10-cc volume and the data on the displacement
of the rack according to time were applied to the numerical procedure. The procedure was implemented using MATLAB. The testing
device, which met the automobile industry standards, was created. Experiments were carried out seven times under the same
conditions, and the mean values of the web retraction and belt load were used as the representative data. By comparing the
simulation results to the test results, the numerical procedure presented in this paper was verified. 相似文献
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汽车正面碰撞试验中后排乘员伤害特性的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
提出了正面碰撞中后排乘员假人伤害的试验方法和评价指标。通过分析10个车型正面碰撞试验结果,得出了正面碰撞中后排乘员头部、胸部和大腿等部位的伤害特性。 相似文献