城镇淤积内河截污管道施工技术研究与应用

文章为解决城镇淤积内河截污干管工程安装实施过程中的问题,针对河床内管道施工进行技术攻关,通过采用一种PE管热熔焊接温度控制装置,确保了PE管的焊接质量;结合无人船对河床底进行全方位量测,及时采集分析数据,有针对性地指导管道围堰及沟槽施工。同时,采用有限元数值模拟软件(ABAQUS)进行位移分析,有效模拟验证了管道安装后偏移情况。     

深圳地铁会层中心站环控设计及其特点

会展中心站为深圳地铁一期工程换乘车站，就其环控设计采用屏蔽门系统一次安装到位、冷负荷计算、不同形式区间隧道活塞／机械通风设计、十字型岛式／侧式站台环控工艺设计等特点进行了阐述。     

汽车显控界面工效学设计评价指标体系研究

针对汽车显控界面的工效学设计评价不完善的问题,以汽车仪表盘、方向盘、制动踏板和加速踏板等为研究对象,基于专家主观评定法和改进德尔菲法建立了汽车显控界面工效学设计评价指标体系.该方法采用主观与客观相结合的评价方式,初步确定的107项评价指标,选取10名相关领域专家进行了两轮咨询和统计处理.在此基础上,筛选出对汽车显控界面工效学设计评价影响大的28项评价指标,从而形成了简明、科学的汽车显控界面工效学设计评价指标体系.该研究结果为汽车显控界面工效学设计评价奠定了基础,同时为其它领域的相关研究提供借鉴.     

轨道交通车辆基地污、废水资源化利用研究

为保护环境,响应节能减排的号召,城市轨道交通车辆基地污、废水的资源化利用正逐渐受到重视。以国内轨道交通车辆基地生活污水、生产废水处理工艺为研究对象,通过调研分析车辆基地污废水水量水质、处理工艺和运营模式等,提出了车辆基地污废水系统资源化利用的对策及建议,可供同类工程参考。     

非灯控交叉口交通安全状况评价

非灯控交叉口是交通流中的节点,对非灯控交叉口的交通安全状况进行评价具有导向性意义。文章针对交叉口管控存在的问题,提出了交通安全状况评价原则和主要方法,阐述了非灯控交叉口交通安全的影响因素,并通过对沈阳市刘家窑十字交叉口进行交通安全状况评价,提出了具体的交叉口交通安全改善措施,以提高非灯控交叉口的交通安全性。     

地铁列车噪声标准和车站站台噪声限值

本文重点介绍地铁列车噪声标准和车站站台噪声取值，并详细地描述了噪声测试时测点布置方法及采取不同降噪措施的降噪量，同时还介绍了地铁列车的振动标准。     

浅谈地铁环控通风

本文介绍地铁通风量计算时应考虑的相关因素及排热通风、事故情况下通风的风量计算，列车活塞风引起的换气量及地铁通风设计中应考虑的一些问题等。     

轨道结构新技术在上海轨道交通2号线西延伸段工程中的应用

介绍上海轨道交通2号线西延伸段轨道工程设计中在钢轨扣件、道岔、道床、轨道减振降噪、附属设施,以及在无缝轨道施工等方面开发和应用的一系列新技术、新工艺和新设备,并取得了少维修和减振降噪的实际效果,可为同类轨道工程应用提供参考。     

基于自适应滤波技术的管道泄漏检测方法

提出了一种基于小波变换和Kalman滤波相结合的自适应滤波方法,采用递推算法逐步修正滤波过程,即根据采样得到的压力信号实时地对滤波参数进行修正,使自适应滤波器能够有效地跟踪信号的变化,形成自适应降噪过程,通过自动寻优,选择最佳尺度,使之能在背景噪声较强或变化的情况下也能对管道压力信号进行有效的滤波处理,为准确检测管道泄漏和定位提供了良好基础.应用结果证明:该方法大大提高了信号处理的效率,在管道泄漏在线监测应用中效果较好.     

综合降噪技术在新泰至宁阳高速公路中的应用研究

采用低噪音路面和新型高效声屏障综合降噪技术处置交通噪声,并进行现场测试,测试数据表明,采用OGFC-13低噪音路面结构,在噪声200~1250 Hz频段,路面的平均吸声系数在0.25~0.59,吸声性能较好,可有效降低车内交通噪声约3.0 dB;在对试验段综合降噪效果的测试后发现,采用本文采用的综合降噪技术处置后,项目试验路段在距离声屏障屏体30 m处降噪效果为9.9 dB,相较普通路段降噪效果提升约4.3 dB,且监测数据表明,随着距离的增加,采用综合降噪技术处置的路段降噪效果表现的更加高效。     

GPS-based speed collection method for road traffic noise mapping

One of the most difficult and expensive tasks in making noise pollution maps is the collection and processing of the data needed to create acoustic models. In the case of road traffic noise maps, obtaining speed data for light and heavy vehicles a problem that has usually been avoided by using a road’s speed limit or by making assumptions based on experience from similar road types. Here global positioning systems-based techniques are applied for acquiring vehicle speed data and adapted to fulfill the requirements of noise prediction models.     

Effects of a hovering unmanned aerial vehicle on urban soundscapes perception

Several industry leaders and governmental agencies are currently investigating the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or ‘drones’ as commonly known, for an ever-growing number of applications from blue light services to parcel delivery. For the specific case of the delivery sector, drones can alleviate road space usage and also lead to reductions in CO₂ and air pollution emissions, compared to traditional diesel-powered vehicles. However, due to their unconventional acoustic characteristics and operational manoeuvres, it is uncertain how communities will respond to drone operations. Noise has been suggested as a major barrier to public acceptance of drone operations in urban areas. In this paper, a series of audio-visual scenarios were created to investigate the effects of drone noise on the reported loudness, annoyance and pleasantness of seven different types of urban soundscapes. In soundscapes highly impacted by road traffic noise, the presence of drone noise lead to small changes in the perceived loudness, annoyance and pleasantness. In soundscapes with reduced road traffic noise, the participants reported a significantly higher perceived loudness and annoyance and a lower pleasantness with the presence of the same drone noise. For instance, the reported annoyance increased from 2.3 ± 0.8 (without drone noise) to 6.8 ± 0.3 (with drone noise), in an 11-point scale (0-not at all, 10-extremely). Based on these results, the concentration of drone operations along flight paths through busy roads might aid in the mitigation of the overall community noise impact caused by drones.     

城市桥梁声屏障设计及交通噪声控制研究

城市桥梁交通噪声污染随着城市道路的发展和车辆增多日益严重,引起了人们的普遍关注。文章以北大桥声屏障设计为研究对象,结合北大桥交通噪声污染调查分析,阐述了声屏障高度、声屏障结构形式等声屏障设计治理方案,并从规划阶段、运营阶段等方面探讨了城市桥梁交通噪声的控制对策。     

The influence of tyres on the use of the CPX method for evaluating the effectiveness of a noise mitigation action based on low-noise road surfaces

The usage of low-noise road surface can be an important and effective noise mitigation action and, in many cases, it might represent the only viable solution. After the laying of a low-noise road surface, it is necessary to verify if the planned objectives have been actually obtained: the Close Proximity Method (CPX) could be a possible method to achieve this result.The current release of the ISO 11819 draft regarding CPX redirects to a future third part for all details about the reference tyre to be used, while the previous one gave indications on dimensions, kind of tread pattern and maintenance conditions. As well known, tyre dimensions and tread pattern are the main sources of variability of rolling noise. Even though many tyres available on the market comply with all ISO requirements, the choice of a brand or a model rather than another one could nevertheless influence results of measurements.In this work, results obtained in several measurement sessions, repeated using different tyres, are compared, aiming to analyse the influence of the tyre choice in assessing the acoustic performance of a low-noise road surface. Limitations and advantages of the CPX method in regards to the evaluation of the effectiveness of a noise mitigation action are reported, and new perspectives are suggested, in order to improve the relationship with the noise level reduction at the receiver.     

Study on road section environmental traffic capacity model and algorithm under double constraints

The coordinated development of city traffic and environment is a key research content in traffic field in twenty-first Century. Among them, road section environmental traffic capacity analysis is one of the important research issues. It can provide solid theoretical basis and reliable data support for road network traffic optimization control, road traffic pollution control and city traffic structure optimization. This paper analyzed main factors which impacted environmental traffic capacity from two aspects, including road capacity constraint conditions and road traffic pollution control constraint conditions. Then, road section environmental traffic capacity optimization model was established, and method of improved augmented Lagrange function was used to solve the model. Case study showed that, (1) The environmental traffic capacity optimal model and methodology were effective; (2) In order to ensure road section environmental traffic capacity greater than (or equal to) road capacity, some measures could be taken including adjusting motor vehicle type proportion as well as improving emission characteristics of motor vehicles exhausting pollutants.     

A combined assessment of air and noise pollution on the High Line,New York City

The High Line is an elevated public park in New York City, transformed from an unused freight rail line. Pedestrians walking through Manhattan’s West Side can walk either on the High Line or on a footpath below. Using Manhattan as a laboratory, this paper offers a combined assessment of noise and particulate matter pollution for its pedestrians. Noise and PM_2.5 levels were recorded simultaneously for two cases (i) pedestrians walking on a footpath alongside road traffic and (ii) pedestrians walking on the elevated High Line. Testing took places over three days in autumn 2014. Results were analysed to investigate if pedestrians using the High Line would have a lower pollution exposure to those using the footpath below. Results showed statistically significant differences between the upper and lower levels in exposure to both pollution types. In order to quantify the overall impact, results are expressed through a combined air–noise pollution index. This index indicates that the average reduction in PM_2.5 and noise pollution along the High Line compared to the footpath below is approximately 37%.     

济青高速公路绿化带对交通噪声和铅污染的防护作用

公路绿化带可对交通噪声和汽车尾气带来的铅(Pb)污染产生一定防护作用,这对于减轻路域环境污染具有重要意义。采用原位调查和取样分析相结合的方法,研究了山东省济青高速公路路侧绿化带对交通噪声和铅污染的衰减效果。研究结果表明,高速公路绿化带对交通噪声有一定的减轻作用,但在不同的绿化模式下,衰减效果存在较大差异。济青高速公路两侧土壤存在一定程度的Pb污染,在不同绿化模式下,路侧绿化林带对公路Pb污染的防护作用也有较大差别,宽度过大的林带并不是防护Pb污染的理想措施。     

A methodology to control urban traffic noise under the constraint of environmental capacity: A case study of a double-decision optimization model

This paper presents a novel methodology to control urban traffic noise under the constraint of environmental capacity. Considering the upper limits of noise control zones as the major bottleneck to control the maximum traffic flow is a new idea. The urban road network traffic is the mutual or joint behavior of public self-selection and management decisions, so is a typical double decision optimization problem.The proposed methodology incorporates theoretically model specifications. Traffic noise calculation model and traffic assignment model for O–D matrix are integrated based on bi-level programming method which follows an iterated process to obtain the optimal solution. The upper level resolves the question of how to sustain the maximum traffic flow with noise capacity threshold in a feasible road network. The user equilibrium method is adopted in the lower layer to resolve the O–D traffic assignment.The methodology has been applied to study area of QingDao, China. In this illustrative case, the noise pollution level values of optimal solution could satisfy the urban environmental noise capacity constraints. Moreover, the optimal solution was intelligently adjusted rather than simply reducing the value below a certain threshold. The results indicate that the proposed methodology is feasible and effective, and it can provide a reference for a sustainable development and noise control management of the urban traffic.     

Urban road traffic noise spatiotemporal distribution mapping using multisource data

Many residents are disturbed by road traffic noise which needs to be controlled and managed. The noise map is a helpful and important tool for noise management and acoustical planning in urban areas. However, the static noise map is not sufficient for evaluating noise annoyance at different temporal periods. It is necessary to develop the dynamic noise map or the noise spatiotemporal distribution. In this study, a method about urban road traffic noise spatiotemporal distribution mapping is proposed to obtain the representative road traffic noise maps of different periods. This method relies on the proposed noise spatiotemporal distribution model with two time-dependent variables - traffic density and traffic speed, and the spatiotemporal characteristics derived from multisource data. There are three steps in the method. First, the urban road traffic noise spatiotemporal distribution model is derived from the law of sound propagation. Then, the temporal characteristics are extracted from traffic flow detecting data and E-map road segment speed data by the outlier detection analysis. Finally, the noise distributions corresponding to different periods are calculated by an efficient algorithm which can save 90% above of the computing time. Moreover, a validation experiment was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method. There is only 2.26-dB[A] mean absolute error that is within an acceptable range, which shows that the method is effective.     

Options for reducing noise from roads and railway lines

The fundamental noise generation mechanisms of road and rail vehicles are discussed with attention to noise abatement measures. Based on an evaluation of publicly available tire noise data and the European road traffic noise emission model CNOSSOS, it is shown that on the road side there is a significant noise reduction potential in the usage of low-noise tires. From a three months measurement campaign a noise model was derived to predict the maximal sound pressure level of heavy duty vehicles during a pass-by in 7.5 m distance with the parameters vehicle speed and number of axles. With help of recently published information about external costs caused by heavy duty vehicles and the noise prediction tool, a model was developed to derive a money equivalent that can be used as a bonus/malus in a heavy duty vehicle fee. As a measure at the infrastructure, the installation of low-noise pavements is an effective, durable and economically attractive measure. Recent experiences with different technologies from all over the world are compiled and evaluated. On the rail side, an overview of the possible noise reduction strategies is given, followed by a discussion of the current policy and legislation in the EU and on the national level of different European countries.