预喷射控制柴油机燃烧噪声的试验研究

研究了预喷射在高压共轨电控直喷式柴油机上控制燃烧噪声的作用。通过试验分析了不同工况下预喷射变量、预喷射定时、预喷射油量及主喷射定时的变化对燃烧噪声产生的影响。基于结果的分析,对预喷射变量进行优化。在以燃烧噪声为目标进行优化的同时,兼顾其对排放和经济性的影响。结果表明,采用预喷射可以明显改善燃烧噪声,在优化了预喷射策略之后,改善效果更明显。采用合理的预喷射策略可以明显降低燃烧噪声和NOx排放,但烟度和燃油消耗率略有增加。     

高压共轨系统预喷控制策略研究

柴油机高压共轨燃油喷射系统可实现预喷、主喷和后喷的多次喷射,达到燃烧柔和效果,有效地降低燃烧噪声,减少排放,是世界内燃机行业公认的未来柴油机燃油系统的发展方向。在预喷机理分析的基础之上,提出了高压共轨燃油喷射系统预喷的控制策略,解决了预喷控制中有关喷射协调、预喷油量、喷射起始时刻、喷油器作用时间和预喷释放等问题。     

燃油多次喷射控制策略对单缸柴油机燃烧与排放特性的影响

基于高压共轨系统对一台单缸柴油机采用燃油预喷射控制策略时的燃烧特性与排放特性变化规律进行了研究。在保持循环油量不变的前提下,通过控制每循环燃油的喷射次数、预喷油量、预喷与主喷的间隔角,对发动机缸内燃烧压力、放热规律、压力升高率及排放变化规律进行了分析。试验结果表明：当预喷油量小于5 mg/循环时,发动机能够在维持炭烟颗粒不增加的同时降低NO x的排放,同时发动机的压升率也较无预喷工况有所降低;多次喷射燃烧过程对燃油消耗率的影响较小,较无预喷工况略有上升,但通过对预喷角度、预喷油量及间隔角的合理匹配,能够实现对燃油消耗率的进一步优化。     

轻型柴油机预混合低温燃烧和排放性能的试验研究

本文中对比分析了某四缸轻型车用柴油机喷射正时、废气再循环(EGR)率和喷射压力对燃烧过程和污染物排放的影响规律。结果表明:采用适时早喷或者晚喷策略均能延长滞燃期而改善可燃混合气的均匀性,以实现部分预混合燃烧,抑制碳烟排放。适时早喷策略相对晚喷策略更有利于降低碳烟排放,但将受到NO_x排放恶化的限制。引入EGR后,适时早喷不但可降低缸内燃烧温度抑制NO_x排放,还可有效解决因早喷带来的燃烧相位过早的问题,从而提高燃烧效率,改善燃油经济性,在高EGR率区域可兼顾有效燃油消耗率、NO_x和碳烟排放。而晚喷条件下,引入EGR后会进一步加重后燃现象,使有效燃油消耗率和碳烟排放有所恶化。随着喷射压力的提高,适时早喷时,燃烧放热过程变缓,瞬时放热率峰值和缸内平均温度降低,从而可同时降低NO_x和碳烟排放,而晚喷则相反,NO_x排放随着喷射压力的提高而有所上升。而不论适时早喷还是晚喷,有效燃油消耗率受喷射压力的影响很小。     

预喷射对轻型车用柴油机排放性能的影响

以某轻型车用柴油机为样机,研究了预喷射对柴油机排放及燃油经济性的影响.研究表明:采用预喷射可以对燃烧室进行预热.缩短主燃烧滞燃期,降低缸内最高燃烧温度,从而降低NOx的排放,同时炭烟排放及燃油经济性要好于单纯推迟喷油提前角的单次喷射方案;随着预喷油量的增加,NOx炭烟和燃油消耗率都有所上升,预喷提前角对轻型车用柴油机燃...     

预喷对柴油机燃烧与排放的影响

在一台4缸柴油机上研究预喷策略(预喷率和预喷间隔)对燃烧与排放特性的影响。研究结果表明:与单次喷射相比,采用预喷策略后,最大压力升高率和NO_x排放降低,soot、THC和CO排放升高,热效率提高;增大预喷率,预喷放热率峰值、soot、THC和CO排放升高,NO_x排放降低;增大预喷间隔,热效率和soot排放降低,最大压力升高率、THC和CO排放升高;改变预喷间隔对NO_x排放无明显影响;在小负荷工况下,与单次喷射相比,采用大预喷率和小预喷间隔策略能同时实现柴油机较高热效率和较低NO_x排放。     

预喷射对生物柴油发动机燃烧及排放特性影响研究

研究了不同预喷条件下满足国Ⅴ排放的高压共轨柴油机燃用混合燃料BD20（含80％体积分数的国Ⅴ柴油和20％体积分数的餐饮废油制生物柴油）的燃烧及排放特性。结果表明：采用预喷射后滞燃期有所缩短,燃烧持续期有所增大。相比于预喷间隔,预喷油量对滞燃期及燃烧持续期的影响更为显著;预喷射显著减小了主燃烧的压力升高率,改善了燃烧的剧烈程度,且低负荷取较小预喷间隔、高负荷取较大预喷间隔效果较优;采用预喷射后NO x 排放均有所降低,大部分预喷射条件下PM 排放有所增加,各负荷均存在着较佳预喷射方案,可以同时改善NO x 及PM 排放。     

多次预喷射的柴油机燃烧噪声控制实验

为了降低柴油机怠速状态下的燃烧噪声,分析多次预喷射技术对燃烧噪声的影响。在半消声室内对某直列四缸高压共轨柴油机进行测试,根据实验数据,分析两次预喷射策略对缸压、放热率、压力升高率、燃烧噪声的影响。实验测试结果表明,两次预喷射策略可以有效降低柴油机的放热率及压升率的最高值,从而使柴油机燃烧噪声平均降低了5.2dB,实车噪声也有所减小,缸压频谱在中高频率范围内的幅值也有所减小,此预喷策略最终也应用在了某型号的柴油机上。     

车载高压共轨柴油机燃油喷射系统控制策略分析(下)

正(接上期)(6)预喷射通过在压缩行程期间少量燃油(约1mg)的燃烧提高主喷射开始时刻汽缸内的压力和温度,能够缩短主喷射的着火滞后期,这能降低燃烧产生的噪声。但是,因为减少了预混合燃烧的燃油份额,同时增加了扩散燃烧的燃油量,以及提高了汽缸中的温度,会使炭烟颗粒和NOx排放有所增加。另一方面,冷启动和低负荷范围内,较高的燃烧室温度对稳定燃烧,降低HC和CO排放     

预喷策略耦合EGR对DN双燃料发动机工作过程的影响

基于三维流体力学软件,模拟研究了不同预喷策略耦合EGR对柴油/天然气(DN)双燃料发动机燃烧和排放特性的影响,研究表明:柴油预喷射量(FDIR)固定,预喷时刻(FDIT)提前至-10(°)CA ATDC以前时,燃烧质心(CA 50)更加靠近上止点,有利于降低CH4、HC、CO和Soot排放,但NOx排放大于单次喷射且在...     

高压共轨燃油系统后喷射控制研究

根据柴油机后喷射作用机理,以有效降低燃烧噪声、减少排放为目的,分析设计高压共轨燃油喷射系统后喷射控制策略,解决后喷射控制中有关喷射协调、后喷射量、喷射起始时刻、喷射器作用时间和喷射释放以及相关参数修正等问题。     

多次喷射对柴油机燃烧与排放影响的试验研究

基于1台高压共轨涡轮增压柴油机,采用不同的预喷正时、预喷油量与后喷正时等,研究了多次喷射对燃烧放热、排放生成与燃油经济性的影响,以实现均质压燃和低温燃烧过程。研究结果表明:随预喷正时提前,缸内峰值压力降低,主燃阶段的滞燃期缩短,NOx和炭烟排放均降低;随预喷油量增加,预喷阶段燃烧的放热率和最大压力升高率增大,NOx和HC排放增大,而PM和CO排放降低;随后喷始点推迟,缸内压力与主放热率峰值差异变小,NOx排放降低,但炭烟排放先增大后逐渐降低。     

柴油微引燃乙醇发动机燃烧、性能及排放特性研究

柴油微引燃乙醇发动机采用进气道喷射乙醇、缸内直喷微量柴油引燃的方式进行燃料供给。基于单缸四冲程柴油机,对其燃烧、性能及排放特性进行研究,固定引燃柴油喷射量为发动机能实现压燃着火的最小值,在进气压力为0.15 MPa时比较不同乙醇喷射量的工况组,通过改变柴油喷射时刻进行工况扫描。结果表明,引燃柴油的喷射时刻对发动机的燃烧、性能和排放影响显著。柴油微引燃乙醇发动机在中高负荷能够稳定运行,指示热效率可达34%以上,通过适当调节柴油喷射时刻,可以有效控制未燃碳氢(UHC)、NO_x与CO排放,同时可以实现极低的炭烟排放。柴油微引燃乙醇发动机燃烧模式为预混合或部分预混合燃烧,燃烧有两阶段放热特征,改变引燃柴油喷射时刻,可以有效控制燃烧相位。     

Influence of pilot injection on combustion characteristics and emissions in a DI diesel engine fueled with diesel and DME

This work experimentally investigates how the dwell time between pilot injection and main injection influences combustion and emissions characteristics (NOx, CO, THC and smoke) in a single-cylinder DI diesel engine. The experiments were conducted using two fuel injection systems according to the fuel type, diesel or dimethyl ether (DME), due to the different fuel characteristics. The injection strategy is accomplished by varying the dwell time (10°CA, 16°CA and 22°CA) between injections at five main injection timings (?4°CA aTDC, ?2°CA aTDC, 0°CA aTDC, 2°CA aTDC and 4°CA aTDC). Results from pilot-main injection conditions are compared with those shown in single injection conditions to better demonstrate the potential of pilot injection. It was found that pilot injection is highly effective for lowering heat-release rates with smooth pressure traces regardless of the fuel type. Pilot injection also offers high potential to maintain or increase the BMEP; even the combustion-timing is retarded to suppress the NOx emission formation. Overall, NOx emission formation was suppressed more by the combustion phasing retard effect, and not the pilot injection effect considered in this study. Comparison of the emissions for different fuel types shows that CO and HC emissions have low values below 100 ppm for DME operation in both single injection and pilot-main injection. However, NOx emission is slightly higher in the earlier main injection timings (?4°CA aTDC, ?2°CA aTDC) than diesel injections. Pilot injection was found to be more effective with DME for reducing the amount of NOx emission with combustion retardation, which indicates a level of NOx emission similar to that of diesel. Although the diesel pilot-main injection conditions show higher smoke emission than single-injection condition, DME has little smoke emission regardless of injection strategy.     

二甲醚发动机的燃烧与排放研究

在一台2135直喷柴油机上，对燃油供给系统进行了适当的改造，测试了燃用二甲醚发动机的燃料喷射时刻、气缸压力和有害排放，计算分析了放热规律及滞燃期变化规律。研究结果表明，在供油提前角相同的情况下，二甲醚的喷射延迟比柴油长而滞燃期比柴油短，着火时刻落后于柴油；二甲醚的最大放热速率小，而燃烧持续期短；二甲醚发动机接近无烟排放，N0x排放浓度显著低于柴油机。     

车用柴油机加速工况时喷油与燃烧特性的研究

通过柴油机工作过程测量分析系统对一台直喷式车用柴油机加速时的喷油和燃烧过程进行了试验研究和计算,并计算了其加速过程中的总声压级;利用油滴蒸发准维燃烧模型对柴油机加速过程NOx 排放进行了模拟计算。研究结果表明,柴油机喷油和燃烧特性参数的综合效果对NOx排放值产生影响;柴油机加速时的燃烧噪声大于标定工况,加速工况时的NOx 排放浓度值变化较大,有时大于标定工况。     

Influence of the accelerating operation mechanism on the combustion noise in DI-diesel engines

This paper focuses on the mechanisms of combustion noise during the accelerating operation of multi-cylinder diesel engines using testing technology for the transient conditions of IC engines. Based on impact factors, such as the gas dynamic load and cylinder pressure oscillations, tests and analysis of the combustion noise during transient and steady-state conditions for different loads are made on four-cylinder naturally aspirated engines, turbocharged engines, EGR-introduced engines, and high pressure common rail engines. The laws of combustion noise difference for the same engine speed and load are researched during transient and steady-state conditions. It is found that during transient conditions, the maximum pressure rise rate and the high frequency oscillation amplitude of the cylinder pressure are all higher than those observed during steadystate conditions for the same engine speed and load. With their joint action, the combustion noise during transient conditions is greater than that during steady-state conditions. Turbocharging is useful in reducing the combustion noise during transient conditions. Turbocharging has a better effect on the control over the combustion noise during transient conditions with a constant engine speed and an increasing torque than in conditions with a constant torque and an increasing engine speed. One of the main reasons for different control effects on the combustion noise is that turbocharging causes different wall temperatures inside combustion chambers. The introduction of the appropriate EGR is helpful in the reduction of the combustion noise during transient conditions. The key to the control of combustion noise with EGR during transient conditions is whether a real-time adjustment to the EGR rate can be made to achieve the optimization of the EGR rates for different transient conditions. By means of analyzing the differences in the combustion noise between the transient and steady-state conditions for different pilot injection controls, we obtain a strategy for controlling the combustion noise during transient conditions with a pilot injection. Compared with the steady-state conditions, a larger pilot injection quantity and a longer interval between the main injection and pilot injection should be selected for transient conditions, and this is verified through tests.