异常波及其对海上结构铃振现象的影响

海上结构物的铃振(Ringing)现象是新近发现的一种高频共振响应现象,对结构物有显著的破坏作用。从实测资料中发现,在恶劣海况下发生的具有强非线性和非对称性的异常波(Freakwave)有可能引起海上结构物的铃振响应。文中综述了可能引起铃振响应的异常波的研究现状及成果,分析了其能量分布,并指出异常波是海上结构物产生铃振现象的机理之一。     

近海结构疲劳计算中波浪与结构建模探讨

文章根据作者已提出的基于海况频度分布的统计分类及非线性动力学计算的疲劳评估方法,通过进一步改进波浪能的输入,提出了一种更为有效的计算方法。通过将这一方法运用到一典型导管架结构的疲劳计算,文中首先研究了波浪方向对疲劳破坏的影响,进而分析了波浪谱中若干重要参数及HHT-α时间积分中步长对疲劳计算结果的影响。通过对结构反应的统计研究,发现海况的恶劣程度并不直接影响结构响应非高斯趋势的显著程度。文中提出的方法在减少不确定性的同时又不降低安全标准,有效提高了疲劳计算的精确度,从而可以降低相关近海结构建设和维护成本。文中的计算方法已被成功地应用于北海及墨西哥湾数座近海结构在风和波浪荷载作用下的疲劳评估。     

Vulnerability of Coastal Resort Cities to Mean Sea Level Rise in the Mexican Caribbean

We evaluated the potential economic impacts of increasing sea level rise (SLR) along the Mexican Caribbean where there are major gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms controlling flooding duration and frequency associated to future ecological and economic impacts. We determined the negative economic impact of SLR on infrastructure in the largest urban centers (Cancun, Isla Mujeres, Playa del Carmen, Puerto Morelos and Cozumel) in the state of Quintana Roo (Mexico) that are considered the largest tourism “hot spots” (resort cities) in the country. The tourism industry in this coastal area injects >8 billion dollars year^?1 to the Mexican economy. Our conservative economic assessment regarding the impact of SLR, under a 1?m scenario for all coastal cities is $330 million USD. Further projections for worst scenarios (SLR >2 m) show a non-linear trend where the cost of inaction can reach up to $1.4 billion USD (2?m SLR scenario) and $2.3 billion USD (3?m SLR scenario). This potential loss of infrastructure, as construction cost, is staggering and represents a robust baseline to start evaluating with more detail future impacts of climate variability and change on the Mexican Caribbean coastline.     

波浪对建筑物和海底的作用

综述第27届国际海岸工程会议（ICCE2000）上有关波浪对建筑物和海底作用以及造波技术的新进展,内容包括波浪爬高和越浪、防波堤设计、波浪力、建筑物附近的冲刷和造波技术等。     

离岸结构所受到波浪载荷与风载荷的组合

给出了确定波浪载荷及风载荷组合特征值的一种新方法,其目的就是要估计波高与风速的非高斯性及相关性对组合载荷特征值的影响。利用Terada的矩估计法,确定组合载荷的统计矩、组合载荷过程导致的方差及波浪载荷与风载荷的相关系数。采用Winterstein的以矩为基础的上通率估计法,确定组合载荷的上通率及极值,数值例题展现了波高及风速的非高斯性及相关性对组合载荷特征值的影响,结果表明忽略非高斯性及相关性会导致组合载荷特征值的低估。     

畸形波模拟及其对近岸构筑物作用综述

畸形波是一种瞬时存在、具有较大波高的灾害性波浪,对近岸和海洋工程结构物都具有较大的破坏性。文中首先从畸形波的定义入手,通过分析畸形波的发生机理,引入畸形波模拟的探讨,总结畸形波对近岸构筑物作用的研究现状与发展趋势,并提出需要进一步研究的课题。     

海上结构物周围波高的数值模拟

边界元法作为一种高效的数值方法,凭借其自身的优势,已经在土木工程和海洋工程等许多领域得到了广泛的应用.在对海上结构物的设计过程中,可以采用边界元法对同一结构物的不同设计方案进行数值模拟,对所得的计算结果进行比较、分析,根据工程的实际要求最终选择一个合理的结构型式.在波浪高度的模拟中,由于积分方程的准奇异性,直接计算往往产生很大的计算误差.本文应用单元细分方法解决了准奇异积分的问题,对物体周围的波高计算,可以得到高精度的计算结果.应用该方法本文计算了固定在水中的均匀直立圆柱周围的波高分布,与解析解吻合得很好,验证了计算程序的正确性.接着计算了不同截面型式圆柱周围的波高分布,比较了相同特征尺度、不同型式的柱状结构物对附近波高分布的影响.     

波浪对浮式建筑物的作用

对波浪作用下浮式码头撞击力和稳性试验中趸船与防冲护舷的模拟进行了较为详细的论述 ,并对某浮式码头设计方案进行了试验分析。     

近海结构任意倾斜桩腿的非线性波浪载荷计算

用Stokes非线性波浪理论计算速度与加速度,采用Morison公式求得任意倾斜柱体的波浪载荷,讨论了如何求小参数与波长、杆件的浸水长度等问题,编写的程序可以按照足够小的时间间隔t=2π/40计算出任意时刻构件或整体结构的波浪载荷,进而求得结构的最大波浪载荷可用于结构设计。     

海洋平台设计中的风浪参数选取标准

以我国渤海某区1970年至1993年风暴过程的后报资料为基础,提出了泊松二维冈贝尔逻辑分布,并将其用于风暴过程中伴生的风速与波高的联合概率计算,给出了美国石油协会(API)行业标准有关环境条件三种设计标准的具体做法.基于新的统计模式,同时提出了联合概率法设计标准.比较了多种标准所得设计参数的差异,给出了适合工程所在海区的环境荷载参数.计算结果表明,新的统计模式适用于遭受风暴影响的海洋工程结构设计,特别是边际油田的开发建设.     

波浪作用下大型开敞式圆沉箱墩式码头前波峰面高度研究

波浪作用下大型开敞式圆沉箱墩式码头前波峰面高度,主要由沉箱自身的反射波和入射波叠加而成,码头前波峰面高度是确定码头面高程的重要参数之一.文章根据微幅波理论和波能流守恒原理,推导了圆沉箱墩式码头前沿波峰面高度近似解,通过与物理模型实验资料的对比,表明该理论公式计算结果具有较高的精度.根据实际物理模型数据,对理论公式中的系...     

Joint Offshore Wind and Wave Energy Resources in the Caribbean Sea

Complementarities between wind and wave energies have many significant advantages that are unavailable with the sole deployment of either. Using all available w...     

Vulnerability of Caribbean Island Cemeteries to Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports that rising seas by the end of this century will increase the severity of coastal flooding and erosion. The Caribbean region is home to many small islands that are vulnerable to sea level rise and storm surge. Much of the literature examining impacts of sea level rise in the Caribbean focuses on ecosystems, infrastructure, and recreation. Few studies have examined how sea level rise will impact historic and culturally important places. In an effort to address this research gap, geographic information systems and crowd-sourced, georeferenced photographs were used to build a first-of-its-kind database of 542 Caribbean small island cemeteries. Vulnerable cemeteries were then identified based upon elevation, proximity to the ocean, and the coastal profile. Over one-fifth of the cemeteries surveyed are within 100 m of the coast. The highest concentrations of vulnerable cemeteries are on flat islands such as the Cayman Islands. Yet, some mountainous islands such as Saint Martin also have potentially vulnerable cemeteries. These findings suggest that the bereaved, cemetery managers, and managers of coastal areas that have cemeteries may have additional considerations when making long-term decisions about where and how to bury the deceased.     

南海风浪极值组合统计分析

南海是我国台风频繁发生的地区,而台风常常导致巨大的海洋灾害.如何确定深海平台风浪设计参数对于保障结构与作业安全至关重要.本文选取我国南海某区20次台风过程的实测资料,对台风发生频次采用泊松分布进行描述,将泊松-二维冈贝尔逻辑分布用于海上油气工程设计中极值风速与波高的联合概率计算,给出了选定海域的风浪设计参数,并与传统的设计标准进行了比较.     

Resilience of Touristic Island Beaches Under Sea Level Rise: A Methodological Framework

This contribution addresses the need for a simple model for managers to employ when planning strategies for the management of touristic beaches under sea level rise. A methodological framework was developed and tested in two Aegean archipelago islands (Lesvos and Rhodes, Greece). The scheme can represent the status of touristic island beaches, based on easily obtained variables/indicators and projections of beach erosion/retreat under different scenarios of mean sea level rise (MSLR) and extreme events. Information on beach geomorphological characteristics, environmental setting, water quality, management, and services (such as those used in the “Blue Flag” classification) was collated/collected and beach erosion/retreat due to CV & C was estimated through suitable ensembles of cross-shore (1-D) morphodynamic models. A Strength-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) framework was employed to assist in the selection of indicators and multicriteria analysis used to optimize indicator weights and rank beaches according to their sustainability under sea level rise. Implementation of the framework at the two islands has shown that: the majority of Lesvos and Rhodes beaches (82% of a total of 217 beaches and 58% of a total of 97 beaches, respectively) can be classified as beaches with no, or minimal, human interference, suggesting that under environmentally sound coastal management further touristic development might be afforded; there could be very significant effects of the sea level rise on the carrying and buffering capacities of the most developed (“Blue Flag”) beaches, with some expected even under conservative projections to be completely eroded by 2100, unless technical adaptation measures are taken; and using the proposed framework, touristic beaches can be rapidly ranked in terms of their resilience to sea level rise and their development potential, allowing prioritization of effective management responses.     

海洋平台波浪荷载数值模拟研究

针对以往采用理论公式和试验方法计算波浪荷载存在一定局限性的问题,基于计算流体动力学软件Flow3D建立三维数值波浪水池模型,模拟规则波与自升式海洋平台相互作用过程,并将波浪力计算结果与理论值进行对比.     

International Conference on Ships and Offshore Structures(ICSOS)

<正>17–19 September 2018,Chalmers University of Technology,Gothenburg,Sweden The third International Conference on Ships and Offshore Structures(ICSOS)will be hosted at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg,Sweden,from 17.09.2018 to 19.09.2018 in agreement and cooperation with Professor Jeom Kee Paik and his Journal of Ships and Offshore Structures.The conference seeks to provide a platform for selected high quality papers,from where     

布置方案对近海小型无人监测船波浪运动的影响

以一艘近海小型双体无人监测船为例,建立该双体无人监测船模型,通过使用基于平面势流理论的二维切片法,对无人监测船在不同布置方案下的运动响应情况进行计算分析,得出布置方案与无人监测船运动响应间的关系。研究结果表明:吃水深度、惯性矩对小型无人监测船在波浪中的运动性能影响明显,应在一定范围内酌情进行选取;重心高度对小型无人监测船在波浪中的运动性能影响不大,设计时应主要从稳性方面进行考虑。     

沿海混凝土结构的现场暴露试验站设计

介绍沿海混凝土结构现场暴露试验站的选址原则和设计方法,并依此详细介绍某沿海现场暴露试验站的设计.现场暴露试验站选址原则的确立,为暴露试验站的设计提供了理论依据.     

斜向和多向不规则波作用于直墙堤上的波浪荷载

基于三维波浪物理模型实验研究的结果，参照国内外已有的研究成果，探讨了波浪斜向性和多向性对不规则波作用于直墙堤上波浪荷载的影响，表明波浪是否在堤前破碎其影响波浪荷载的规律是不同的。建议了斜向和多向不规则波作用于直墙堤上波浪荷载的实用计算方法。