The impacts of maritime piracy on global economic development: the case of Somalia

This paper investigates the impacts of maritime piracy on global economic development. Calibrated with data between 2003 and 2008, we model shipping demands and competition in the Far East-Europe container liner shipping service and investigate the economic welfare loss effects due to reduced volumes of trade and shipping, as well as efficiency loss due to geographical re-routing of shipping networks which would be otherwise uneconomical. The substantial economic loss simulated from our model indicates that, even from purely the perspective of economic interests, more efforts from the international community should be dedicated to tackle maritime piracy.     

海盗行为的法律问题

海盗行为的法律问题索马里海盗问题联络小组(CGPCS)第二工作组继续就与海盗行为相关的法律问题展开讨论,焦点在人权、判决后移交和确保起诉海盗等问题上展开讨论.     

亚丁湾、索马里海域海盗活动新特点与应对措施

当前,随着各国海军军舰加大对亚丁湾海域的护航力度,反海盗工作取得了明显的成效。但从统计情况看,2009年10月至11月,亚丁湾、索马里海域共发生58起海盗袭击商船事件,15起成功,得手率仍高达25.8%。深入研究分析目前亚丁湾、索马里海域海盗袭击事件的新变化、新特点以及应采取有效的应对措施,对于进一步做好后续护航行动、提高我海军护航效率具有十分重要的意义。     

国外海军多功能一体化隐形桅杆研究应用现状

随着现代作战舰艇探测设备、通信设备及电子战设备的增加,其电磁兼容和电磁隐蔽问题日益成为影响舰艇作战效能和生存能力的主要问题.为此,针对各种不同探测、通信及电子战设备研究设计一种多功能复合隐形桅杆势在必行.该文论述了美国、英国、意大利、荷兰海军在此方面的研究和应用现状.     

骷髅旗下海盗史

他们曾在海上赫赫有名 自打航海事业诞生之日起,海上劫掠这一行当就应运而生.波里克拉特·萨莫斯基是第一个著名的海盗,他于公元前6世纪在地中海一带横行,令腓尼基商人闻风丧胆,如避瘟神.300年后,伊利里亚人的首领斯库塔里组建了真正意义上的海盗王国,切断了爱琴海和亚得里亚海上的商贸往来.罗马人设法抓住斯库塔里,但很快又有基里基人取代伊利里亚人的地位.就连不可一世的罗马大将军恺撒都曾沦为基里基人的俘虏,后来被赎了出来.由于被俘虏后没受亏待,恺撒下了一道法令,规定海盗被捕后不再被绞死在船桅上,而改为在耶稣受难像前斩首.     

打击索马里海盗的法律规制研究

根据国际海事局海盗活动报告中心发布的年度调查报告,2010年是1991年以来全球海盗活动最猖獗的一年,而且92%的劫船事件都发生在索马里附近海域。索马里海盗问题不仅干扰了正常的国际贸易还威胁着各国     

《2007年度海盗及海上武装劫船报告》解析

国际海事局会在每年年初对上一年度在全球发生的海盗袭击事件进行统计并免费向感兴趣的用户金开。对国内航运企业来说，及时掌握有关信息，并对所获得的信息进行恰当的分析，对于帮助船东、般舶采取有效的防范措施，保证船舶和船员的生命和财产安全是十分必要的。     

谈海事普法教育工作新理念——“执法普法”

文中指出了目前海事普法教育工作存在的主要问题,提出了海事“执法普法”的新理念,最后提出了以“执法普法”提高海事普法教育工作实效的几点措施.     

A coastal commissioner's perspective: Choosing between what the law says and what the law allows

One of our greatest recreation resources—the seashore—is rapidly vanishing from public use. Nearly everyone seems to know this fact but few do anything to halt the trend.     

亚丁湾附近海域海盗犯罪的特点、成因及对策研究

近期,亚丁湾海域及索马里沿海海盗犯罪成为此海域海上安全的严重威胁。在认清当前海盗犯罪的特点及其成因的基础上,船方必须采取相应的防范和应急处理措施,确保船舶和船员生命安全。     

2011年度索马里海盗活动特点与反海盗新措施

2011年,索马里海盗活动呈现出新特点,但国际社会反海盗采取了一些新措施,并取得了一些新成果。     

Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas: Past,present and future

Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs) are sea areas which need special protection on environmental grounds. In this respect coastal States, through IMO, can take some measures which may result in restrictions on the traditional freedom of passage. The aim of this paper is to explain the IMO guidelines on PSSA and the questions raised by the proposal of West European Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (WE PSSA). This paper will also examine the legal grounds of the PSSA concept and look at UNCLOS in this respect.     

海关法的经济法范畴及对构建现代海关法律制度的影响

人们一直从行政法的范畴来认识海关法,实际上,海关法包含许多经济法的特征。从海关法是经济法的角度,探讨了海关法对构建现代海关法律制度的影响。     

Port concentration, inter-port competition and revitalization: the case of Mombasa, Kenya

Mombasa is overwhelmingly the dominant port, urban and industrial complex on the Kenya coast. Improvements in operational efficiency, management restructuring and the revitalization of the port in the competitive context of the East A frican port system as a whole are critically important current policy objectives. These issues are discussed in the context of the character and development of the port. Two further issues are outlined: the proposal to establish a free port at Mombasa, and the idea of developing a second deepwater port elsewhere on the Kenya coast. Both are considered interesting but premature.     

A dense water outflow from the Ross Sea, Antarctica: Mixing and the contribution of tides

We use hydrographic, current, and microstructure measurements, and tide-forced ocean models, to estimate benthic and interfacial mixing impacting the evolution of a bottom-trapped outflow of dense shelf water from the Drygalski Trough in the northwestern Ross Sea. During summer 2003 an energetic outflow was observed from the outer shelf ( 500 m isobath) to the  1600 m isobath on the continental slope. Outflow thickness was as great as  200 m, and mean speeds were  0.6 m s^− 1 relative to background currents exceeding  1 m s^− 1 that were primarily tidal in origin. No outflow was detected on the slope in winter 2004, although a thin layer of dense shelf water was present on the outer shelf. When the outflow was well-developed, the estimated benthic stress was of order one Pascal and the bulk Froude number over the upper slope exceeded one. Diapycnal scalar diffusivity (K_z) values in the transition region at the top of the outflow, estimated from Thorpe-scale analysis of potential density and measurements of microscale temperature gradient from sensors attached to the CTD rosette, were of order 10^− 3−10^− 2 m² s^− 1. For two cases where the upper outflow boundary was particularly sharply defined, entrainment rate w_e was estimated from K_z and bulk outflow parameters to be  10^− 3 m s^− 1 ( 100 m day^− 1). A tide-forced, three-dimensional primitive equation ocean model with Mellor-Yamada level 2.5 turbulence closure scheme for diapycnal mixing yields results consistent with a significant tidal role in mixing associated with benthic stress and shear within the stratified ocean interior.     

Estimation of extreme significant wave heights and the associated uncertainties: A case study using NORA10 hindcast data for the Barents Sea

The reliability of an offshore structure is dependent on its response to the extreme wave climate; therefore, an adequate knowledge of the wave climate at a location is a prerequisite during design as well as in marine operations. This study aims to contribute to the knowledge of the extreme wave climate in the Norwegian Sector of the Barents Sea, using wave hindcast datasets from the Norwegian Reanalysis 10 km (NORA10) database for four locations.We have considered three commonly used methods for the estimation of extreme wave heights, that is, the initial distribution method, the peak over threshold method, and the annual maxima method. The parametric bootstrap concept is considered in the estimation of the epistemic uncertainty related to sample size. The estimated 100-year significant wave heights obtained from the three methods differ, and the degree of variability in the estimates varies, depending on the dataset. The epistemic uncertainty due to sample size is wider when considering the annual maxima method.The estimates obtained from the three methods show the importance of considering different methods and their associated uncertainties when estimating extreme wave values for design. While it is difficult to single out the best method among the three, the estimated values give knowledge of the possible range of the extreme significant wave heights at the locations. Generally, the datasets considered in this study suggest that the wave climate is less harsh further north compared to the southern region of the Barents Sea. The datasets do not suggest any temporal trends in the historical significant wave heights at any of the locations.     

Particle flux, and composition of sedimenting matter, in the Greenland Sea

Vertical flux of particulate material was recorded with moored sediment traps during 1988/1989 in the Greenland Sea at 72°N, 10°W. This region exhibits pronounced seasonal variability in ice cover. Annual fluxes at 500 m water depth were 22. 79, 8.55, 2.39, 3.81 and 0.51 g m⁻² for total flux (dry weight), carbonate particulate biogenic silicate, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, respectively. Fluxes increased in April, maximum rates of all compounds occurred in May–June, and consistently high total flux rates of around 100 mg m⁻²d⁻¹ prevailed the summer. The increasing flux of biogenic particles measured in April is indicative of an early onset of algal growth in spring. Small pennate diatoms dominated in the trap collections during April, and were still numerous during the high flux period when Thalassiosira species were the most abundant diatoms. During May–June, up to 22% of the Thalassiosira cells collected were viable-looking cells. The faecal pellet flux increased after the May–June event. Therefore we conclude that the diatoms settled as phytodetritus, most likely in rapidly sinking aggregates. From seasonal nutrient profiles it is concluded that diatoms contribute 25% to new production during spring and 50% on an annual basis. More than 50% of newly produced silicate particles are dissolved above the 500 m horizon. High new production during spring does not lead to a pronounced sedimentation pulse of organic matter during spring but elevated vertical export is observed during the entire growth period.     

A multi-criteria decision method for the analysis of the Motorways of the Sea: the application to the case of France and Spain on the Atlantic Coast

Despite European Union (EU) political support to identify the most feasible Motorways of the Sea, the final decision can only be made by Private Shipping Companies, which are operators of a unique stretch of the intermodal chain. This paper provides a multi-criteria decision method to identify the most suitable Motorways of the Sea taking into account the competitiveness of whole intermodal routes versus the alternative of road transport from the loader’s perspective. The analysis is carried out assuming a ‘many-to-many’ transport model. Firstly indexes of time and cost were defined and evaluated for every available route in the model in accordance with a multi-criteria decision matrix. Secondly, through a Monte Carlo simulation a sensitivity analysis was carried out in order to evaluate the influence on the results of the forecast assumed to construct the matrix. The results obtained are not only quantitative, but also qualitative. The development of intermodal routes via Motorways of the Sea is especially relevant for the peripheral EU countries. Due to the relevance of the freight flow between France and Spain and the congestion of their connections through the Pyrenees, the method proposed was applied to the analysis of this particular case     

Hydrodynamic comparison of a semi-submersible, TLP, and Spar: Numerical study in the South China Sea environment

The South China Sea contains tremendous oil and gas resources in deepwater areas. However, one of the keys for deepwater exploration, the investigation of deepwater floating platforms, is very inadequate. In this paper, the authors studied and compared the hydrodynamics and global motion behaviors of typical deepwater platforms in the South China Sea environment. The hydrodynamic models of three main types of floating platforms, e.g. the Semi-submersible, tension leg platform (TLP), and Truss Spar, which could potentially be utilized in the South China Sea, were established by using the 3-D potential theory. Additionally, some important considerations which significantly influence the hydrodynamics were given. The RAOs in frequency domains as well as global motions in time domains under time-varying wind, random waves, and current in 100-y, 10-y, and 1-y return period environment conditions were predicted, compared, and analyzed. The results indicate that the heave and especially the pitch motion of the TLP are favorable. The heave response of the Truss Spar is perfect and comparable with that of the TLP when the peak period of random waves is low. However, the pitch motion of Truss Spar is extraordinarily larger than that of Semi-submersible and TLP.