管道防腐涂层的现状与展望

管道的腐蚀问题是影响管道系统可靠性及使用寿命的关键因素,选择和使用合理的防腐涂层,对管道的安全运行、使用寿命及降低经济成本都具有十分重要的意义。文中简述了管道腐蚀产生的原因,综述了管道防腐涂层的发展概况,着重介绍了液态聚氨酯防腐涂料、无机非金属防腐层、纳米改性材料涂层等管道防腐涂层技术的新发展,提出了这些涂层在管道防腐应用中存在的问题,并对管道防腐涂层的发展前景做了展望。     

抗H2S腐蚀的08Cr2AlMo材料应用

根据国内原油现状和对外原油依赖性的增加以及硫腐蚀的破坏性,提出对炼油设备材料的耐硫腐蚀性的必要要求。依据08Cr2AlMo钢的化学成分,分析了该种钢的性能以及应用环境,由于其合理的化学成分及先进的制造工艺,使得08Cr2AlMo钢具有良好的抗H2S腐蚀性能,最后针对08Cr2AlMo钢制造的换热器管束进行分析。实践表明:08Cr2AlMo钢管具有良好的可焊性,在含硫原油的腐蚀体系中具有抗腐蚀的作用,可广泛应用在炼油行业上。     

涂层与阴极保护下的管道外腐蚀研究与控制

长期以来 ,一直认为管道在涂层和阴极保护协同保护下不会产生外壁腐蚀或腐蚀轻微。应用第三代高精度智能清管检测器对榕山—佛荫长为 2 5 4km的管线进行检测 ,发现了 455处外壁腐蚀 ,研究结果表明 :管道建设时 ,涂层施工的质量较差 ;使用维护过程中涂层材料老化严重、失修 ;管线上阴极保护系统长期故障使管道欠保护 ;执行了有严重缺陷的行业标准 ,至今不知管线上监测到的保护电位距真实的极化电位的差距有多大 ;管线的阴极保护度数据难以采集到。针对上述问题提出了控制腐蚀的方法。     

热反射技术为路面降温

日前,由哈尔滨工业大学承担的西部科技项目《沥青路面热反射与热阻技术应用研究》通过验收。项目在路面温度场分析、材料降温性能评价、热反射涂层材料与热阻材料开发,以及热反射涂层施工工艺方面取得了创新成果,研究成果总体达到国际先进水平。     

电弧喷涂锅炉4管保护涂层丝材Ni／Cr45

锅炉4管(即水冷壁管、过热气管、再热器管、节煤气管)的硫化物腐蚀,高温氧化,粒子冲蚀问题,长期严重地困扰着我国各电厂的正常运行及发展。 美国焊接学会标准AWSC2.3-541,英国国家标准BS2569Part2均规定了镍铬合金是锅炉管道有效的防高温腐蚀和耐磨涂层。     

玻璃钢油管在同心双管分层注水工艺中的应用

为解决同心双管分层注水工艺中内管壁不耐腐蚀的问题，开展玻璃钢油管作为内管在同心双管分层注水工艺中的应用研究。通过对玻璃钢油管管柱结构设计，使玻璃钢油管满足了同心双管分层注水工艺要求，采用环氧玻璃钢油管作为内管，金属油管作为外管，以内管注下层外管注上层的方式进行同心双管分层注水作业，解决了内管腐蚀问题，延长管柱寿命。以玻璃钢油管作为同心分注内管的注水方式已经得到大量应用，取得较好的应用效果。     

石油油管防腐预处理新工艺

油田上使用着大量的油管,每年因腐蚀破坏等原因,使不计其数的油管报废,损失巨大。涂镀层延长了油管的使用寿命,保护层的质量直接取决于涂镀前的表面预处理质量,而传统表面预处理工艺如化学清洗、喷砂、抛丸等又有很多各自的缺陷。磨料射流是新发展起来的新型高效射流,并且发展迅速,它在很多行业的切割、清洗、除锈方面得到了应用。在做了大量而系统的试验研究工作基础上,为油田设计建造了一条磨料射流油管表面预处理生产线。应用证明:它具有处理质量好、速度快、无污染、操作简便等优点,是进行油管表面预处理的全新工艺。就工作原理、工艺流程、水力参数、磨料性质及循环方式、喷头结构、油管传送方式、防止油管返锈以及安全等技术问题进行探讨。     

高速公路混凝土结构表面涂装质量控制

根据西安—咸阳所处环境区域的腐蚀特点、涂层体系设计和涂层性能要求,系统地介绍了涂料产品质量控制、施工质量控制和涂层质量检验。     

喷涂聚脲防腐结构在施工中的质量控制

喷涂聚脲防腐施工是近年来开发的一种新型无溶剂、无污染的绿色施工技术。对聚脲防腐层的组成、性能指标、质量控制及应用等方面进行了详细论述。喷涂聚脲涂层需要专用的喷涂料设备,对环境温度、物料设置温度、输送压力等都有极为严格的要求。聚脲材料通过正确的质量技术控制和合理施工,能够极大提高金属的防腐效果和使用寿命。应用实例表明：喷涂聚脲防腐涂层技术是一种性能优越、适用较广的施工技术,应用前景十分广阔。     

海洋立管氯丁橡胶涂层包覆工艺与质量控制

为解决海洋飞溅区立管微生物腐蚀问题,针对海洋飞溅区立管的腐蚀防护特点,提出了一种海洋飞溅区立管防海生物附着的氯丁橡胶涂层结构,并针对该结构提出了一种氯丁橡胶涂层包覆工艺,同时分析了涂层包覆过程中的关键质量控制点。通过对涂层包覆工艺及关键质量控制点的分析,找出了涂层包覆过程中最容易出现的质量问题,提出了预防方法及解决措施。     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.