螺旋桨毂帽鳍节能装置的数值评估与试验研究

对螺旋桨毂帽鳍装置的节能效果采用粘流CFD数值模拟与模型试验的方法进行了评估.利用CFD数值工具对毂帽鳍的节能机理、螺旋桨与毂帽鳍的相互作用,以及雷诺数对节能效果评估的影响进行了详细研究.研究表明,在将桨毂、毂帽鳍和桨叶看作一个系统来考虑时,才能定量评估出节能效果.毂帽鳍对整个系统总推力影响很小,对总扭矩显著减小,从而效率增加.实型尺度雷诺数下毂帽鳍计算得到的节能效果更高,这间接证实了毂帽鳍实船节能效果可能比模型试验节能效果更显著.     

毂帽鳍对调距桨推进效率影响的数值研究(英文)

Numerical simulation is investigated to disclose how propeller boss cap fins (PBCF) operate utilizing Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method. In addition, exploration of the influencing mechanism of PBCF on the open water efficiency of one controllable-pitch propeller is analyzed through the open water characteristic curves, blade surface pressure distribution and hub streamline distribution. On this basis, the influence of parameters including airfoil profile, diameter, axial position of installation and circumferential installation angle on the open water efficiency of the controllable-pitch propeller is investigated. Numerical results show: for the controllable-pitch propeller, the thrust generated is at the optimum when the radius of boss cap fins is 1.5 times of propeller hub with an optimal installation position in the axial direction, and its optimal circumferential installation position is the midpoint of the extension line of the front and back ends of two adjacent propeller roots in the front of fin root. Under these optimal parameters, the gain of open water efficiency of the controllable-pitch propeller with different advance velocity coefficients is greater than 0.01, which accounts for approximately an increase of 1%-5% of open water efficiency.     

雷诺数对潜艇粘压阻力和尾部伴流场影响的数值计算研究

采用数值计算方法对SUBOFF潜艇的主艇体模型和全附体模型在不同雷诺数条件下进行三维粘性流场数值模拟。将低雷诺数条件下的计算结果与试验结果进行比较,验证计算方法的可靠性;利用数值计算技术分析潜艇工程设计和试验中出现的问题,包括潜艇实艇阻力预报方法研究和雷诺数对潜艇尾部伴流场的影响研究。     

Numerical simulation of the flow about self-propelling tanker models

A time-marching CFD simulation is performed for self-propelling ships. The flow about the hull is simulated by the finite-volume method, and the propeller action is approximated as a propeller disk for which the solution is given by a simplified propeller model. The interaction of two flow models is treated in a time-marching procedure converging towards the steady self-propelling condition. This method is applied to five tanker models, and detailed comparisons are made between the simulated results and corresponding experimental results. It is shown that the flow field in the self-propelling condition is qualitatively well reproduced in the simulation, and the estimated thrust deduction factors for the five hull forms agree well with measured ones. However, the effective wake factors are underestimated, since the Reynolds number in the simulations differs from that in the experiment.     

耙吸挖泥船拖力预报研究

在单桨船自航性能预报二因次与三因次标准方法与规范的基础上,提出一种耙吸拖力自航试验及实船耙吸拖力预报方法。选取5条不同型号的双桨耙吸挖泥船进行模型试验,分别用二因次与三因次方法对耙吸拖力进行预报。根据预报结果对三因次法中的功率因子与转速因子进行回归分析,比较两种方法的最终预报结果,验证了所提方法的合理性、有效性。     

考虑耙吸力的耙吸挖泥船阻力性能 数值分析及试验比较

自航耙吸挖泥船船体线型较为肥大,工况较多,不同工况下对阻力性能的要求也不尽相同。文中首先利用CFD建立某耙吸挖泥船数值模型,计算分析耙吸挖泥船裸船体阻力性能,并与模型试验数据进行对比,取得了一致结果。在此基础上,考虑耙吸力影响,分析不同工况下该耙吸挖泥船在装有不同螺旋桨的情况下船体及舵的阻力性能差异,通过流场分析其机理。并结合螺旋桨敞水性能,计算了新导管桨与原桨在实尺度下的推进效率及收到功率,结果表明新导管桨推进效率相较于原桨提升了约8.8%,验证了耙吸挖泥船耙吸力的合理性。     

螺旋桨毂帽鳍节能性能的数值模拟

毂帽鳍作为一种新型的船用节能装置,合理地安排其在桨后的位置,能明显提升螺旋桨的推进效率,因此,有必要对毂帽鳍的节能效果进行研究.采用计算流体动力学方法,对毂帽鳍的敞水性能进行模拟.通过改变鳍叶在桨后的各个参数,分析其尾流的变化,以及各重要剖面处的压力分布等情况.模拟结果表明：鳍叶的不同安装角位置对桨的效率变化有明显的影响,而轴向位置的改变则对其效率的提高影响不大.通过观察尾流分布及压力分布图,可以直观地看出鳍叶的主要功效是产生与螺旋桨转向相同的扭矩,同时使尾流速度降低从而削弱乃至消除毂涡.     

浅吃水肥大型船的尾部线型研究

从分析船舶尾部伴流场对船舶阻力推进,操纵及船体振动性能等影响的观点,研究尾部三维伴流场,介绍尾型与伴流场之间关系及非对称双尾鳍船型的形成。非对称双尾鳍船型与优选的常规双尾鳍船型模型的阻力,自航及伴流场等比较试验结果表明,非对称双尾鳍船具有两大优点,首先,该船型能在浆前方产生一个与外旋浆旋向相反的预旋流,在保持了优良阻力性能前提下可提高外旋浆推进效率8％,获得阻力,推进,操纵各性能间的最佳配合,第二,轴向伴流分布比较均匀,满足BSRA5项衡准指标,改善了螺旋浆工作的流场条件,减少了螺旋浆产生空泡及其诱导船体激振的危险,使节能与减振得到统一,最后还介绍了该船型首制船“宁安1号”的实船测试结果及其由船模试验预报实船性能的一致性。     

37500方LEG运输船螺旋桨毂帽鳍设计研究

毂帽鳍是一种通过回收螺旋桨毂涡旋转能量来达到节能效果的船舶桨后节能装置。本文针对我公司承建的37500方LEG运输船,运用CFD软件对粘性流场中毂帽鳍的敞水性能进行了计算研究,着重考察了毂帽鳍的根部螺距角、错位角、直径比及纵向位置等因素对效率的影响,通过多方案优选设计了适用于该船的毂帽鳍方案,并对该方案进行了模型试验验证。结果表明：在螺旋桨工作点时,螺旋桨效率提高了1.26%。考虑到模型试验的尺度效应,在实船应用时其节能效果将更加显著。     

Numerical calculations of propeller shaft loads on azimuth propulsors in oblique inflow

This paper evaluates various computational methods used to compute propeller performance, hydrodynamic side force and bending moment applied to an azimuth propulsor propeller shaft in oblique inflow. The two non-viscous models used are the BEM method and the blade element momentum theory (BEMT). RANS calculations are used to compute the loads on the propeller and the nominal wake velocity from the thruster body to be used in the BEMT model. The effect of the ship hull is also considered in the calculation by implementing the measured nominal wake of a ship hull at different propeller azimuthal positions. All the models are compared and validated against the experimental results, and the discussions are presented.     

舵桨相互作用下现代船舶绕流数值研究（英文）

Reducing the fuel consumption of ships presents both economic and environmental gains. Although in the past decades,extensive studies were carried out on the flow around ship hull, it is still difficult to calculate the flow around the hull while considering propeller interaction. In this paper, the viscous flow around modern ship hulls is computed considering propeller action. In this analysis, the numerical investigation of flow around the ship is combined with propeller theory to simulate the hull-propeller interaction. Various longitudinal positions of the rudder are also analyzed to determine the effect of rudder position on propeller efficiency. First, a numerical study was performed around a bare hull using Shipflow computational fluid dynamics(CFD) code to determine free-surface wave elevation and resistance components.A zonal approach was applied to successively incorporate Bpotential flow solver^ in the region outside the boundary layer and wake, Bboundary layer solver^ in the thin boundary layer region near the ship hull, and BNavier-Stokes solver^in the wake region. Propeller open water characteristics were determined using an open-source MATLAB code Open Prop, which is based on the lifting line theory, for the moderately loaded propeller. The obtained open water test results were specified in the flow module of Shipflow for self-propulsion tests. The velocity field behind the ship was recalculated into an effective wake and given to the propeller code that calculates the propeller load. Once the load was known, it was transferred to the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) solver to simulate the propeller action. The interaction between the hull and propeller with different rudder positions was then predicted to improve the propulsive efficiency.     

船桨干扰定常空化性能数值模拟

文章采用CFD技术计算了船桨干扰定常空化性能。首先计算了不同空化数下的NACA66(MOD)水翼和DTRC4381螺旋桨的定常空化性能,同时预报了KCS船的伴流场、阻力性能和船体表面压力分布。为了验证计算船后螺旋桨空化流的可行性,文中对KCS船和KP505螺旋桨进行了整体考虑,并计算了不同空化数下的船后螺旋桨的空化覆盖面积。计算表明,文中采用的计算方法合理,计算结果与试验结果吻合。     

螺旋桨/船体粘性流场的整体数值求解

螺旋桨和船体是相互作用的,孤立地对螺旋桨或船体流场进行数值模拟均无法有效地对它们的相互影响进行研究.本文采用周向平均的混合面处理方法,实现了螺旋桨/船体流场的整体计算,计算结果和试验数据进行了比较,表明该方法能很好地模拟螺旋桨和船体之间的相互影响,从而揭示了真实螺旋桨和船体之间相互干扰的内在规律.本文研究结果为研究螺旋桨和船体相互影响提供了更加精确和实用的研究手段.     

Computational predictions of ship-speed performance

This paper examines ship-speed performance based on acomputational method. The computations are carried out under identical model conditions, i.e., resistance and self-propulsion tests, to predict the speed-power relationship. The self-propulsion point is obtained from the self-propulsive computational results of two propeller rotative speeds. The speed-power relationship in full scale is obtained through analyzing the computational results in model scale according to the model-ship performance analysis method of ITTC’78. The object ship is a VLCC. The limiting streamlines and the distribution of the pressure coefficient on the hull, the wake characteristics on the propeller plane, and the wave characteristics around a model ship are also investigated. After completing the computations, a series of model tests are conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the predictions by comparing the computational results with the experimental results.     

船体伴流对直翼推进器水动力性能的影响

[目的]直翼推进器是一种特种推进器,其借助从船舶底部伸出并围绕垂直轴往复式摆动的桨叶产生精准且无级可调的推力,有必要研究敞水和伴流条件下直翼推进器的水动力性能.[方法]首先,通过分析直翼推进器的工作原理,推导出叶片的多重运动规律公式;然后,基于RANS方程和κ-ε湍流模型,采用滑移网格技术计算直翼推进器的敞水性能;最后...     

兴波及航态对螺旋桨激振力预报的影响

针对船舶航行时的船体兴波及航态变化,采用RANS方法、VOF方法及船体六自由度运动方程,建立了考虑船体兴波及航态变化时螺旋桨激振力的计算方法。叠模、考虑船体兴波及考虑航态变化时螺旋桨推力、船底板压力计算结果的对比表明:考虑兴波及航态变化时,由于流速变化,螺旋桨推力平均值减小,船底板压力平均值增大;由于来流不均匀程度的变化,1倍叶频处峰值减小;考虑兴波及航态变化时,计算得到的激振力更加接近真实情况,但由于激振力在频域中较为接近,为节约计算量,计算时可不考虑船体兴波及航态变化。     

可调螺距螺旋桨水动力性能分析

利用面元法分析可调距螺旋桨的水动力性能.计算过程中,采用较为简捷的关于扰动速度势的基本积分微分方程,并采用双曲面形状的面元以消除面元间的的间隙,Newton-laphson迭代过程被用来在桨叶随边满足压力Kutta条件,使桨叶上下表面的的压力在随边有良好的一致性,同时用模拟物体真实行状的面元法来解决调距桨在螺距变化时的叶剖面畸变的问题.用Morino导出的解析计算公式来计算面元的影响系数,加快了数值计算的速度.以无厚度线性尾涡模拟桨叶泄出涡.调距螺旋桨最佳转轴位置由理论方法求出,使得桨叶的转叶矩为零.计算过程中计入了桨毂的影响,并分析了桨毂对桨叶表面压力分布的影响.最后给出了调矩螺旋桨水动力性能随随螺距的变化规律,并和试验结果作了比较分析.     

肥大型船整流附体的性能研究

肥大型船从船舯到船艉,船体的横剖面形状及其面积变化剧烈,从而导致在桨盘面处产生"钩"状或"兔耳"状的舭涡,通过加装整流附体的方式来改善桨盘面处的伴流分布,对于螺旋桨的减震降噪、螺旋桨推进效率的提高是一种有效的措施。基于CFD技术,在准确预报了某肥大型船伴流场的基础上,参考流经桨盘面的三维流线绕船体分布的特点,分别设计了螺旋桨前置导管、补偿导管和整流鳍,预报并分析了各附体对船体尾流场的影响,分析了整流附体的工作机理,比较了工作于各附体伴流场中螺旋桨的效率。计算结果显示,加装整流附体后,桨盘面处的舭涡消失了,并且三种附体对螺旋桨的效率都有显著的提升。     

实尺度喷水推进船拖泵工况数值模拟与分析

对于四泵推进的喷水推进船,在巡航工况时中间加速泵通常处于锁轴状态,其拖曳阻力的大小对喷水推进器的选型以及船泵机的最优匹配有着重要影响。然而,拖泵阻力很难通过船模试验的方法获得。为此,该研究在验证均匀和非均匀条件喷水推进器数值模型的准确性基础上,采用数值试验的方法对18节航速下某双泵推进喷水推进船的实尺度"船体+两台喷水推进器"系统带自由液面的流场进行了数值模拟,计算此时喷泵拖曳阻力及其所占船体阻力的百分比。以此喷泵拖曳阻力作为参考,对尺寸与上述喷水推进泵相近的某四泵推进喷水推进船的喷泵进行了选型和设计,并对该船在18节航速下加速泵拖曳阻力的大小进行了计算,进一步验证选型时拖曳阻力取值的合理性。为消除尺度效应的影响采用实尺度模型对"船体+四台喷水推进器"系统带自由液面的非定常流场进行计算,并探索了大尺度条件下船泵系统考虑自由液面和重力影响的非定常计算方法。     

单桨船模自航试验的相似准则与模拟方法

本文提出一种新的船模自航模型化方法以“消除”船－桨干扰总理２的惊工影响，首先讨论船－桨组合体绕流（平均流动）应满足的相似准则，其中引进了两个新的准则以联系船 尾流的特征；尾流宽度与速度亏损，讨论了满足这些准则的模拟条件和方法，给出满足相似条件的船模－实船性能关系式，最后讨论了新模拟方法在船旋螺旋桨空的与噪声模型试验中的应用。