内河游艇室内空间处理手法

根据船舶设计、检验中的一些体会,针对内河游艇狭小的室内空间中如何获得舒适、谐趣、明朗、宽广的感觉和享受,提出在船舶设计中总体布置、结构设计、室内装饰等方面来进行室内空间环境处理的手法和观点,以供船舶设计人员参考。     

Axiomatic design approach for marine design problems

The axiomatic design approach proposed by N.P. Suh consists of the Independence Axiom and the Information Axiom. The Independence Axiom assists a designer in generating good design alternatives by considering the relationships between the functions and the physical product using a hierarchical mapping procedure. The Information Axiom, which is related to the probability of achieving the given functional requirements, can be used as a criterion for the selection of the best solution among the proposed alternatives in the conceptual or preliminary design stage.In the early stages of marine design, especially ship design, there exists a lot of uncertainty because of the size and complexity of a marine vehicle. This uncertainty often leads to a probabilistic approach rather than a deterministic approach. Ship designs are often routine, requiring small modifications of an existing, successful design. The availability of axiomatic design in this marine design field has been investigated through four examples: a conceptual thruster design, a foil-strut optimization problem, a main engine selection problem, and a barge design problem. By these examples, the possibility of the application of Design Axioms in marine design has been illustrated.     

型船空船重量推算法

推算型船的空船重量是船舶总体设计人员在确定设计方案或进行设计审核时常要做的关键性工作。利用静水力曲线的近似计算公式,分别根据型船设计吃水和结构吃水两个载重量来推算空船重量,并与其他方法进行比较 可供总体设计人员对型船分析换算时作为参考。     

大型货船内装设计现状及发展趋势

对大型货船舱室分隔和舱室布置的依据和原则、防火分隔的划分、防火材料的现状和应用、风管和电缆穿过防火分隔的保护方法、减少噪声途径等方面进行了总结,特别是对舱室防火作了重点介绍。对照国外船舶内装设计方法和有关资料,可以看出国内船舶内装设计和国外还存在一定差距。希望不久的将来,在船舶舱室专业设计人员的共同努力下,使内装设计水平得到进一步提高。     

某型援潜救生船的月池舱口盖设计

某型援潜救生船首次采用月池吊放潜水钟进行潜救作业任务。因月池舱口盖的特殊性,在设计中就内部冲击载荷、隔离介质和特殊的作业要求等新问题进行了充分研究分析,找到了解决方法,最终确定该舱口盖的设计方案并经过实船试验验证。     

船舶设计中的电缆桥架宽幅的决定方法

为了在电气详细生产设计中能够快速并准确地选择合适的电缆桥架,通过结合电缆模型的排列并将之总结成运用公式,使设计者在选择电缆桥架时能够提高设计效率及正确性,船厂的应用表明,这种方法非常有效并可以满足船级社的要求。     

基于能量法的船体分段翻身吊装方案优化设计方法

分段翻身吊装难度较大,风险较高,目前主要依靠人工经验设计吊装方案,较少有针对分段翻身的优化设计研究。论文首先对翻身过程中吊绳与相关船体构件的典型干涉问题做出干涉评估并提取干涉约束,结合吊点适应度约束确立若干吊点布置方案。然后以在翻身过程中结构的最大应变能最小为优化目标,得到最优吊点布置方案。最后使用结构分析软件验证最优方案的可靠性。     

半潜起重拆解平台总布置设计方法

文章总结了拆解平台总布置设计的基本原则,围绕平台起重和居住功能,对起重、动力和居住、压载以及定位等系统的布置进行规划设计,提出一种半潜起重拆解平台总布置关键技术的设计方法,该方法以平台主要功能实现为基础,对总体功能区域进行划分,在满足最新规范的要求下,对平台关键系统进行优化设计,为后续项目积累经验和借鉴方案。     

运用AutoCAD图层功能组织内装生产设计

在Tribon系统还没有为内装设计提供相应模块的情况下，结合内装设计特点，以舱室布置图为载体，运用AutoCAD图层功能，组织内装设计。实现对内装设计、施工全过程控制和管理，也可为将来应用Tribon系统奠定基础。     

Adaptive approximation in multi-objective optimization for full stochastic fatigue design problem

As the size of ship has grown rapidly, the importance of exact fatigue strength assessment has been recognized more and more. High concern about fatigue crack often raises target fatigue life to two or three times of ship lifetime. This leads to the use of very thick plates to reduce dynamic stress range or the application of weld toe grinding to reduce stress concentration or removing weld defects. However, such measures can cause some troubles in fabrication process. As a fatigue strength assessment procedure, full stochastic fatigue analysis based on wave loads analysis has been recommended due to its high accuracy and straightforward approach. However, its huge computing time hinders a ship designer from making iterative explorations for a better design to minimize the use of aforementioned measures.This paper proposes an efficient approach to optimize plate thicknesses around hot spots and the applications of weld toe grinding with meeting the required target fatigue life based on the full stochastic fatigue assessment. Two conflicting objectives are taken into consideration; to minimize steel weight and to minimize total weld toe grinding length. Whether to employ weld toe grinding or not for a hot spot can be seen as a selection variable. In order to treat such selection variables along with continuous variables in the multi-objective optimization, Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) is introduced. This paper also employs adaptive approximation framework to resolve the computational burden of the full stochastic fatigue analysis in the optimization. The strategy to refit approximations iteratively can minimize the required number of analysis. A convergence criterion of the adaptive approximation framework is newly proposed considering the feature of discrete objective function attributed to the introduction of selection variables. One of the objective functions, toe grinding length, is purely depending on how many hot spots toe grindings are applied to. The proposed approach is applied to a liquid dome opening problem of LNG carrier, which is known as one of the most difficult parts to satisfy required fatigue strength due to the stress concentration caused by its large opening and weld attachments on upper deck.     

二维装箱问题的遗传算法求解

通过分析人工排列的思考过程和实际经验,提出一种解决二维规则物体排列问题的算法.通过计算可放置点和可放置空间,高效解决物块的排列问题.应用遗传算法,求得最优的排列方案.实际应用证明了该算法的有效性.     

船舶内装设计中的色彩运用

船舶内装设计在现在和过去的相当长的时间内不被重视,尤其是内装设计中的色彩设计更是被严重忽视。随着我国船舶建造综合能力的不断提升和船上人员对生活工作环境要求的日益提高,船舶居住和工作舱室的装饰显得格外重要。本着"以人为本"的理念论述了船舶内装人性化设计三个方面课题,并以我国设计制造的"海洋石油201"号大型海洋铺管船为例,说明该船内装设计以"海上彩虹"为主题,运用色彩学原理,结合人体工效学,突破传统,大胆创新,对该船的内装工程进行了包括舱室布置、内装方案效果图和施工节点在内的内装设计,取得了良好的效果。     

基于安全返港要求的大型客船电力推进系统设计

大型客船因载客数量大且密集,安全返港设计已成为其一项关键的核心设计要求。文中以某大型客船为例,结合国际海事组织的安全返港法相关要求,对该客船的电力推进系统配置和分隔布置进行设计,论述了在不超过安全界限的进水或火灾事故情况下,综合电力推进系统应如何满足安全返港设计要求。该文可为客船设计人员及客船其他相关系统的设计提供设计思路和参考。     

UUV外形和总体布局分析

The construction and shape of UUVs are described in the paper.UUV design is the shape of the overall design of unmanned underwater vehicle should first be resolved UUV underwater vehicle directly affects the shape of the resistance and noise,which is related to energy,payload,maneuverability and concealment UUV problem The main characteristic and parameter tables for foreign torpedo shape,flat shape and anomalous shape are also given in the paper.The general layout of typical foreign UUVs is analyzed in detail.And the total layout figure and interior constructive figure are introduced.Torpedo-type because of its good water power and low noise,no one has been the main form of underwater vehicle-like,and many designers are now highly favored because of its stable performance,anti-environmental interference capability.Other irregular shapes designed primarily for the completion of a specific task,according to the specific environment and mission requirements.According to comparing and summarizing,some suggestions and conclusions are presented.     

单体小水线面水翼艇的概念设计

本文针地一般１１．９ｍ长的交通艇提出了单体小水互面水翼艇的设计方案。介绍了该艇的水翼配置与线型设计，以及艇的稳性和阻力计算。计算表明，设计艇具有良好的水动力性能。     

What is an environmentally sound ship and how can we achieve it?

Conclusion The issue of environmental preservation covers an extremely broad area, and the large majority of it is outside of the range of speciality of the ship designer. The most important point for us revolves around the question of how we, together with the operators, should perceive the problem and work to improve ship design accordingly. I would hope that this paper has been useful in deepening our perception of ship-related environmental issues, not only with regards to big ships and headline-making disasters, but also in relation to small ships and everyday operation. Presented at the International Conference on Technologies for Marine Environment Preservation (MARIENV’95), Tokyo, Japan, September 24–29, 1995     

基于数据库的船体大表面分舱方法研究

描述了用无界平面逐步分割船体内部任意有界空间,从而划分出每个舱室的计算机辅助设计方法,其关键技术是建立在数据库基础上的Ｂ－ｒｅｐ方法应用。提出了较完整的关于船体及其内部各种不同形状和位置的舱室几何拓扑关系的描述。解决了船体内部空间分隔具有任意性的问题,可以获得任意一个舱室或多个组合舱室的点、线和面的完整数据信息。实船的分舱设计结果证明了该方法的先进性和实用性。     

设施分布式布置原则研究

探讨了动态分布式布置形式,以解决现有的设施布置形式不能满足产品多样化企业需求的问题。同时分析了在产品品种和需求发生周期性变化,并在每周期开始要重新规划的情况下分布式布置设计的步骤及数学模型,其目的是比较周期间重新规划的成本和每个周期内的物流效率。     

实尺度浸没式喷水推进泵设计参数选择与性能分析

为设计某浸没式喷水推进泵,以某小型轴流式喷水推进泵为对象建立浸没式喷射模型,采用CFD方法模拟分析浸没喷射对喷泵水力性能的影响。研究表明,浸没式喷射对喷泵水力性能的影响变化不大。根据喷水推进和船体边界层基本理论,考虑喷泵工作环境不同时的水力特性变化,基于Matlab/simulink仿真平台建立浸没式喷水推进泵水力设计参数选型程序,实现快速高效地得到喷泵基本设计参数为设计者提供设计依据。根据选型结果运用三元理论设计出所需喷泵,运用CFD方法获取浸没式喷泵的敞水水力性能,并安装到实尺度船上预报推进性能,结果表明浸没式推进系统具有较高的推进效率、满足快速性要求,验证了设计参数选型程序的适用性。     

基于状态反馈控制的逆变器电流控制器的设计

采用传统控制策略对低脉冲逆变装置的交流电流控制器进行设计时,控制器系统带宽通常会接近系统的基波频率,导致系统动态响应变差。提出了一种改进的电流控制策略,通过状态反馈控制的极点配置方法克服了这一难题,从而大大提高线性控制器的增益。电流控制器的设计以离散条件下的线性状态空间设计为原则,可使控制系统的动态响应和稳定性能更加优越,且系统具有更强的鲁棒性。最后,对设计结果进行了仿真。结果表明,基于状态反馈控制规律的极点配置法所设计的电流控制器比传统的PR设计方案具有更好的动态性能。