单/双层圆柱壳振动及声辐射对比

采用模态叠加法,分别在点激励和面激励作用下,研究单/双层圆柱壳的振动及声辐射特性。研究结果表明,点激励作用在实肋板位置时,由于较大的局部机械输入阻抗,使得双层圆柱壳的辐射声功率和径向均方振速明显小于单壳。面激励作用时,在低频段与单层圆柱壳相比,双壳辐射声功率峰值向高频偏移,且幅值略小,径向均方振速幅值更小、峰值更少;随着频率升高,单/双壳的辐射声功率和径向均方振速在平均意义下趋于一致。     

填充芯材的双层加筋板振动特性研究

为了研究填充芯材对双层加筋板振动特性的影响,设计制作一个填充聚氨酯芯材的双层加筋板模型,同时制作一个未填充芯材的双层加筋板作为对照。对2个模型进行振动试验,研究填充芯材对该结构振动特性的影响,并与有限元仿真结果进行对比分析。结果表明：两类加筋板前4阶固有频率和均方振速曲线与有限元仿真结果一致性较高,说明了有限元方法的准确性。填充芯材之后,结构固有频率有一定程度上的降低,对应模态振型未发生明显变化。从减振效果来看,填充芯材之后,均方振速总级大幅下降,说明该复合材料结构具有良好的减振效果。在验证有限元方法的准确性后,还通过仿真手段研究了填充芯材对该结构振动特性影响的主要因素。     

偶极子源与力激励作用下截顶锥形壳振动与声辐射研究

螺旋桨噪声是舰船辐射噪声的主要组成部分,采用有限长截顶锥形壳模拟潜艇艉部,根据螺旋桨噪声产生机理,对比分析了集中力激励与偶极子源激励下锥形壳产生的辐射噪声,并讨论了激励作用位置对壳体振动与辐射噪声的影响。结论显示力激励作用引起的壳体的振动与声辐射要大于偶极子源作用下的情况;当激励施加在锥形壳体截面的中心位置时,壳体在低频时的振动与声辐射要小于激励施加在截面非对称位置处的情况。     

圆柱壳水下振动的截断模态规律性研究

为提高圆柱壳水下振动数值计算的快速性和准确性,对截断模态选取的规律性进行研究。首先以35个不同尺度的圆柱壳为计算样本,以圆柱壳表面均方振速级为收敛目标,基于瑞利-里兹法求解圆柱壳振动方程,计算结果表明:轴向截断模态m值与长径比和环频率均相关。长径比相同,随着环频率的增大,截断模态m逐渐降低,且下降趋势逐渐平缓;环频率相同,长径比越大,截断模态m值越高。环向截断模态n仅与环频率相关。随着环频率的增大,n值逐渐减小。环频率以下均方振速级满足高精度计算条件时,截断模态对应的轴向波长与环向波长之比大概满足2倍的关系。固有频率和均方振速解析解与有限元仿真对比验证了理论计算的正确性和截断模态选取的合理性。     

基于试验扩展法的双层圆柱壳声辐射估算

在总结国内外关于结构噪声预报和估算方法的基础上,提出了一种基于试验扩展的声辐射估算方法,该方法结合数值法和试验法两方面的优点．利用该方法可以通过试验测量内壳的振动而估算出外壳的声辐射,通过数值模型的比较发现,该估算方法简单可行,便于在实际工程中应用;但对其适用性,还需要进一步的试验验证。     

舵机非稳态激励识别及瞬态声辐射分析

当水下航行器利用舵机改变航向时,舵机的开启会产生很大的瞬态辐射噪声。因此,在舵机安装之前,有必要对舵机的源特性进行评估。文章基于某水下航行器的舵机振动测试试验,应用频域载荷识别中的最小二乘法方法和短时傅里叶变换的信号处理技术,对舵机操舵过程中舵机与试验台架连接的机脚点处的瞬态最大激励力和整体平均激励力分别进行了间接估算,并将估算结果的准确性和可行性进行了验证。考虑到加肋圆柱壳是水下航行器的基本结构形式,文中将估算的激励力结果作为辐射声计算的近似输入,以一个两端简支的加肋圆柱壳体作为水下航行器的一个舱段的计算模型,分别计算了舵机操舵过程中水下瞬态最大和整体平均辐射噪声的大小,提出了一种利用短时傅里叶变换信号处理技术来评估舵机水下瞬态辐射噪声的方法。     

流固耦合船舶舱室中低频噪声数值分析

文章介绍了封闭声腔结构区域内流固耦合声学有限元数值分析理论、方法和计算流程,并用该方法进行封闭区域内声学特性分析,应用于船舶舱窀噪声数值预报.文中计算考虑了船舶动力激励源引起的结构振动响应噪声、空调风口噪声源引起的空气噪声及舱室周围复合吸声材料.     

水下双层圆柱壳辐射声场欠定分离评估方法研究

水下双层加筋圆柱壳振动和辐射声场的评估对其辐射噪声监测和控制具有重要工程意义。文中通过结构振动模态参与因子向量自身的稀疏特性,分析提出了一种基于结构振动的辐射噪声欠定分离评估方法,可实现有限振动测点情况下的水下复杂结构振动和辐射声场的有效评估。数值和试验结果验证了文中方法的有效性,且所需要的振动测点数目少,具有良好的工程适用性。     

舱壁对圆柱壳振动声辐射影响研究

文章研究了加舱壁构成的多舱段圆柱壳的振动声辐射特性。壳体振动基于薄壳控制方程,舱壁振动分别考虑相互独立的面内伸缩与面外弯曲振动,建立用阻抗矩阵表示的壳体振动和辐射声功率解。通过数值计算研究舱壁对共振声辐射的影响,讨论舱壁个数、厚度及激励力位置对辐射声功率的作用,并分析舱壁作用机理。针对舱段长度与壳体直径之比在1.5到2.0之间的情况,计算结果表明,舱壁附加机械阻抗的作用导致壳体模态频率向低频移动,但基本不改变低频共振辐射的状态。多道舱壁在高频段降低壳体的均方振速,增加辐射效率,但对辐射声功率影响较小。激励力位置对低频共振辐射产生较大影响,特别是谷值变化可能高达10dB。舱壁的作用主要由其伸缩振动引起,因为伸缩振动产生的径向力的声激励效率最高。     

激励力对双层圆柱壳声辐射性能的影响

研究了不同激励力对流场中敷设阻尼材料的有限长加筋双层圆柱壳的振动和声辐射性能的影响.壳体的振动用Fkügge壳体方程描述,将加强构件等价为对内外壳体的支持力,粘弹性阻尼层的运动用三维Navier方程描述,壳体受到的激励力可以归结成轴向力、周向力、径向力、轴向弯距、周向弯距和扭矩的作用,点激励用δ函数表示,然后将其引入壳体振动方程,最后求解双壳体声-流体-结构耦合方程,计算结果用辐射声功率和表面振动均方速度级的形式表示.在数值分析部分,讨论了六种不同性质激励力、两个力联合作用以及阻尼材料对双层圆柱壳的辐射声功率和表面振动速度级的影响.得出结论:同一位置受单位力激励时,Mx 激励的声功率最高,F.居第二,F.最低;联合激励力产生的辐射声功率级和外壳振动速度级比单个力激励时都要大;阻尼材料能有效地抑制壳体的辐射噪声.     

圆柱壳结构输入功率流主动控制研究

利用导纳函数表示圆柱壳体在激励力与控制力同时作用下的响应,将输入壳体的总功率流表示为哈密顿二次型函数的形式,并以此为目标函数对壳体振动进行主动控制研究.另外,在目标函数中添加控制力幅值二次项以便用较小的控制力取得较为理想的控制效果.利用前馈二次型最优控制理论得到最优控制力并讨论了几个重要参数对控制效果的影响.     

基于TPA的管路振动贡献量分析

针对工程实际中管路振动贡献量难以定量分析的问题,引入传递路径分析法(TPA)。通过测量各路径的频率响应函数、各安装点和评估点的响应以及估算激励力,进行传递路径分析,进而得到设备与管路各自的贡献量。通过用某型海水泵进行实验,验证了该方法的准确性。实验结果表明,在40～200 Hz频段内,采用该方法得到的响应计算值与测量值误差小于3 dB,满足工程实际要求。     

Experimental investigation on vortex-induced force of a Steel Catenary Riser under in-plane vessel motion

A method to identify vortex-induced forces and coefficients from measured strains of a Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) undergoing vessel motion-induced Vortex-induced Vibration (VIV) is proposed. Euler–Bernoulli beam vibration equations with time-varying tension is adopted to describe the out-of-plane VIV responses. Vortex-induced forces are reconstructed via inverse analysis method, and the Forgetting Factor Least Squares (FF-LS) method is employed to identify time-varying vortex-induced force coefficients, including excitation coefficients and added mass coefficients. The method is verified via a finite element analysis procedure in commercial software Orcaflex. The time-varying excitation coefficients and added mass coefficients of an SCR undergoing vessel motion-induced VIV are investigated. Results show that vessel motion-induced VIV is excited at the middle or lower part of the SCR and in the acceleration period of in-plane velocity, where most of the excitation coefficients are positive, while during the deceleration period, the excitation coefficients becomes too small to excite VIVs. Parameter γ [1] has strong correlation with excitation coefficients. In addition, time-varying tensions contribute significantly to the variations of added mass coefficients under the condition that the ratio of dynamic top tension to pretension exceeds the range of 0.7–1.3. Moreover, chaotic behaviors are observed in vortex-induced force coefficients and are more evident with the increase of vessel motion velocity. This behavior may attribute to the randomness existing in in-plane velocity and its coupling with out-of-plane vibrations.     

船用发电机隔振系统传递力估算方法

提出一种通用、简便的柴油发动机激励力和力偶估算方法。利用振动频响（即加速度传感器）获取柴油发动机的振动频谱和相位,运用MATLAB数学软件建立基座激励力和力偶的数学模型,从而估算出隔振系统中发动机组的横向、纵向和垂向激励力或传递力和力偶。通过试验发现,测量过程中的信噪比对发动机的激励力和传递力估算有重要影响,低频信噪比是测量误差的主要来源。该简易估算激励力和力偶的方法可供柴油发动机的多维多向耦合振动研究参考。     

螺旋桨激振力作用下船体振动及水下辐射噪声研究

利用有限元法和边界元方法分析比较了螺旋桨激振力三个方向分力(轴向、横向、垂向)分别作用以及同时作用时引起的船体结构振动与水下辐射噪声。结果表明,船体结构在螺旋桨激振力作用下在轴频、叶频、一倍叶频、二倍叶频以及船体固有频率处振动响应出现线谱;横向螺旋桨激振力引起的船体水下辐射噪声最大,垂向力其次,最小是轴向力;三个方向激振力同时作用时船体最大辐射声功率出现在叶频处,主要由横向力引起,其次是轴频处,主要由轴向力引起。分析其原因主要是横向激振力在叶频时最大,而且与船体固有频率接近,产生共振,轴向力在轴频处次之。     

分舱形式对圆柱壳结构声学性能影响研究

为研究舱壁布置形式对圆柱壳结构声学性能的影规律,文章应用有限元方法对等间距与不等间距分舱圆柱壳模型的振动响应进行了计算,以此为输入可计算获得壳体的均方法向速度级声学传递函数,并在典型频率处应用波数谱分析方法将壳体空间域振动场转换到波数域上,对壳体的振动进行波形分离与量化,分析获得了舱壁等间距布置与不等间距布置圆柱壳在典型激励下的结构声学性能,并解释其机理.研究表明:对垂向激励,圆柱壳不等间距分舱相比等间距分舱具有较好的结构声学性能,但对轴向激励,两者区别不明显.若将不等间距分舱与局部结构补强措施相结合,则可使得圆柱壳在两典型工况下均能获得更优的结构声学性能.     

Numerical study on the effect of current profiles on vortex-induced vibrations in a top-tension riser

In this paper, numerical simulations of vortex-induced vibrations in a vertical top-tension riser with a length-to-diameter ratio of 500 using our in-house code viv-FOAM-SJTU are presented. The time-dependent hydrodynamic forces on two-dimensional strips are obtained by solving the Navier-Stokes equations, which are, in turn, integrated into a finite-element structural model to obtain the riser deflections. The riser is discretized into 80 elements with its two ends set as pinned and 20 strips are located equidistant along the risers. Flow and structure are coupled by hydrodynamic forces and structural displacements. In order to study the effects of the shear rate, of the current profiles on the vortex-induced vibrations in the riser, vibrations, with varying shear rates, in both the in-line and cross-flow directions, are simulated. In addition to the time domain analysis, spectral analysis was conducted in both the temporal and spatial domains. Multi-mode vibration characteristics were observed in the riser. The relationship between dominant vibration mode number and the shear rate of current profiles is discussed. In general, the overall vibrations in the riser pipe include contributions from several modes and each mode persists over a range of shear rates. Moreover, the results suggest that with a larger shear rate the position of the maximum in-line time-averaged displacement will move closer to the end where the largest velocity is located.     

Numerical analysis of vortex-induced vibration on a flexible cantilever riser for deep-sea mining system

The flexible cantilever riser, as a special form of the marine riser, can be encountered in a deep-sea mining system, where the bottom of the long vertical lifting pipeline is connected with the intermediate warehouse. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of the bottom weight caused by the intermediate warehouse and the flow speed on the dynamic responses of the cantilever pipeline. A quasi-3D coupling algorithm based on the discrete vortex method and finite element method is employed to calculate the unsteady hydrodynamic forces and vortex-induced vibrations of this pipeline in the time domain, respectively. We first simulate the VIV of a long flexible riser with two fixed ends in a stepped flow to validate the feasibility of the present method. Then, systematic simulations of cross-flow VIV of the cantilever riser are carried out under a wide range of bottom weights and different current speeds. The number of the vibration mode shows the decreasing tendency with the increase of the bottom weight. In a certain range of the weight, the number of the dominant mode remains unchanged, while the vibration amplitude declines with increasing weight. An amplitude jump phenomenon can be observed when the transition of the dominant mode in two contiguous mode clusters occurs. Moreover, the higher-order modes are excited with the increase of the current speed.     

弹性圆柱壳结构的有源结构声辐射控制研究

A numerical and experimental study was presented on active control of structurally radiated sound from an elastic cylindrical shell.An analytical model was developed for the active structural acoustic control (ASAC) of the cylindrical shell.Both global and local control strategies were considered.The optimal control forces corresponding to each control strategy were obtained by using the linear quadratic optimal control theory.Numerical simulations were performed to examine and analyze the control performance under different control strategies.The results show that global sound attenuation of the cylindrical shell at resonance frequencies can be achieved by using point force as the control input of the ASAC system.Better control performance can be obtained under the control strategy of minimization of the radiated sound power.However,control spillover may occur at off-resonance frequencies with the control strategy of structural kinetic energy minimization in terms of the radiated sound power.Considerable levels of global sound attenuation can also be achieved in the on-resonance cases with the local control strategy,i.e.,minimization of the mean-square velocity of finite discrete locations.An ASAC experiment using an FXLMS algorithm was implemented,agreement was observed between the numerical and experimental results,and successful attenuation of structural vibration and radiated sound was achieved.     

电机电磁噪声的联合仿真计算方法

电磁噪声是电机噪声的一个重要组成部分。电磁噪声的激励源是电磁交变力引起的电机结构,特别是非旋转机构的振动。本文使用电磁仿真软件和声学仿真软件,实现了从电磁力预测到振动噪声预测的过程。