澳大利亚托雷斯海峡航法及注意事项

本文就托雷斯海峡的航法、注意事项及引水与潮流情况和通过海峡时的船舶报告制度进行了全面阐述。并将自己通过海峡的体会进行了汇总与介绍,为船舶安全通过托雷斯海峡提供了具体、详细的参考资料。     

澳大利亚托雷斯海峡航法及注意事项

从澳大利亚北部东驶南太平洋，托雷斯海峡是船舶必经之航路。但此海峡以航道复杂、多岛屿、水浅著称。现将航经托雷斯海峡的一点体会简介如下，供同行们参考。     

托雷斯海峡安全航行

托雷斯海峡位于澳大利亚大陆最北部，介于澳大利亚北部和新几内亚诸岛之间。西接阿拉弗拉海，东接澳大利亚最著名的风景区—大堡礁和珊瑚海。其名字以其发现者-西班牙航海探险家托雷斯的名字命名。从广义上讲，托雷斯海峡有140n mile长，80nmile宽，但仅有少数几个狭窄航道可供海船航行，水深也相对较浅。因为托雷斯海峡东入口连接着大堡礁海域，该海域是国际海事组织批准的世界上最大的海洋公园，属于特别敏感区，所以托雷斯海峡的地位比较独特。     

MEPC指定新的特别敏感海域

MEPC指定以下新的特别敏感海域(PSSA):*扩大现存大堡礁 (the existing Great Barrier Reef)PSSA范围,包括了托雷斯海峡 (the Torres Strait);*加那利群岛(Canary Island);*加拉帕哥斯     

大堡礁和托雷斯海峡航路新变化

大堡礁(Great Barrier Reef)位于澳大利亚东北部昆士兰州海岸外,从北部的Cape York(1041S 14232E),向东南延伸到Lady Elliot Island(2407S 15243E),绵延约两千多公里,是世界上最大的珊瑚礁群。托雷斯海峡(Torres Strait)位于约克角半岛和巴布亚新几内亚之间,连接珊瑚海和阿拉弗拉海。由于地理条件的特殊     

埃及的太阳船博物馆

船的历史悠久,据考证,公元前4万年,新几内亚岛的土著居民,曾使用双体舟横渡托雷斯海峡,抵达澳大利亚。英国北约克群岛发现过一支长45.72厘米的船桨,据说制作于公元前约7600年。 荷兰阿森省立博物馆展出过一只松木独木舟,它造于公元前6315(±255)年。一条长8.23米、宽76.20厘米的木制捕鳗船,发现于丹麦菲     

海坛海峡船舶交通事故分析

针对海坛海峡的特殊地理条件,平潭海峡大桥的施工及航道环境,考虑到海峡是渔业作业海域,通航的环境与条件日趋复杂,认为船舶安全航行面临严峻的局面.分析海峡浅滩、狭窄航段、船舶通航现状及船舶交通事故,提出减少船舶交通事故的措施,以保证海坛海峡通航安全.     

日本关门海峡航法

就关门海峡的航道、潮流、信号、通航情况、航法及船过海峡时应注意的问题进行了论述,并根据多次通过关门海峡的经验总结出一些可供借鉴的航法。     

浅谈关门海峡的航行方法

根据多次进、出关门海峡的实航经验和体会,对关门海峡的航行特点、航行方法及注意事项进行了详细的综述,这对船长安全通过关门海峡的航行有一定的参考价值和指导意义。     

日本来岛海峡航法

就日本来岛海峡的航法、潮流、雾况、通航情况及船过来岛海峡应注意的事项等进行了阐述,并结合航行来岛海峡的经验,指出了航行中应注意的问题。     

土工合成材料在堤坝工程中的应用

通过分析近年来土工合成材料在长江口深水航道、洋山港、太仓港、吕四港、宁波港、曹妃甸等具有代表性的堤坝工程中的应用情况,系统总结了土工合成材料在堤坝工程中的应用经验,可对同类工程有所借鉴.     

无人船在港口水域海事监管中的应用探讨

近年来,随着与船舶自主航行相关的信息技术、人工智能技术水平的提高,无人船舶行业取得了长足的发展,其在海上安保、环境监测等领域应用也越来越成熟。为推动无人船在海事管理方面的应用研究,破解港口水域海事监管手段不足的瓶颈问题,文中在分析港口水域海事监管特点和无人船系统建设条件的基础上,定量研究了无人船在港口水域海事监管应用面临的性能指标确定、船型平台选择、载荷设备搭配、运行管理体系建设等方面的具体问题,提出了一种港口水域海事监管无人船系统的应用解决方案。     

Exploring the effects of passenger rail franchising in Britain: Evidence from the first two rounds of franchising (1997-2008)

This paper provides an up-to-date review of the previous literature concerning the impact of passenger rail franchising on productivity and costs in Britain, and also presents important new evidence. In particular, the extension in time of previously-used datasets offers the first opportunity to study the impacts of re-franchising. The previous literature emphasised the failure of franchising to produce sustained productivity gains, with a sharp deterioration in productivity after 2000. The new evidence presented offers a somewhat more positive view of the British experience. It suggests that part of what was previously considered to be falling productivity may in fact be due to exogenous changes in diesel prices. Further, new data suggests that the recent increases in costs have resulted in higher quality of service. Finally, competitive re-franchising, and the associated unwinding of short-term management and re-negotiated contracts, seems to have led to improvements in productivity between 2006 and 2008. Nevertheless, it remains the case that passenger rail franchising in Britain has failed to reduce costs in the way experienced in many other industries and in rail in other European countries. The evidence is that somewhat larger franchises, avoiding overlapping and optimising train density and length, should reduce costs. We also speculate that the major increase in wages and conditions of staff might be moderated by longer franchises, although that remains to be proved. This re-appraisal of the British case is important in the context of the wider international interest in the use of franchising in passenger rail, and its relevance to the current review of ways of introducing competition into the domestic rail passenger market in Europe.     

航道护岸工程中基槽边坡稳定研究

航道护岸工程中经常发生基槽边坡滑坡失稳事故，从而造成经济和安全问题。因此，就滑坡发生机理进行研究对保障航道护岸工程顺利建设有重大意义。从极限平衡原理出发，分别运用Fellenius法和Bishop法验算了苏北某航道护岸工程开挖边坡的设计稳定性，并分析比较两种方法的差异，得出了在多层土的计算中有时会出现Fellenius法比Bishop法的安全系数略大的结论。结合工程实际中可能出现的渗流和超载等因素，计算得到边坡安全系数的变化规律和极限平衡状态时的临界负荷，从而提出了相应的预防渗流、控制超载等措施，可以为航道护岸建设提供参考。     

港口集装箱起重机钢丝绳使用情况调查与分析

24个码头的 5 0 0多台集装箱起重机的钢丝绳使用情况表明 ,国内港口所用钢丝绳的品牌规格较多 ,其中日本产品和国内产品的市场占有率较高 ,国内产品的消耗量最大 ;进口产品的性能普遍较好 ,而国内产品则性能质量差异较大 ,除少数品牌外 ,使用寿命较短 ;各国内部品牌之间的价格接近 ,欧洲产品价格最高 ,国产品牌价格低廉     

后张预应力空心板在港口工程中的应用

由于后张预应力空心板的体积较小、预制安装简单方便,有利于规模化生产、运输和安装,已广泛应用于我国公路桥梁工程的上部结构中.结合福建地区港口工程中以后张预应力空心板作为上部结构的实例,介绍后张预应力空心板的设计、预制和安装的要点,并针对施工期空心板加载试验数据进行分析,总结在港口工程中采用后张预应力空心板的经验,供类似工...     

半刚性基层沥青铺面结构在集装箱港区道路中的应用

将半刚性基层沥青铺面结构应用于上海外高桥集装箱港区道路,在国内尚属首创。针对港区道路的特点,结合上海地区水文、地质和建材供应条件及港区生产使用功能要求,通过调查分析和总结集装箱港区已建类似工程道路铺面结构使用情况,分析论证相关施工技术方案,并进行必要的试验,对于半刚性基层沥青铺面结构在应用过程中遇到的各种技术问题,提出了较系统的处理办法。     

港珠澳大桥对伶仃洋水沙环境的影响

利用珠江口伶仃洋海域实测水文、泥沙及水深测量等现场实测资料分析,建立了南起万山群岛、北至虎门、东起汲水门、西至珠海—澳门的港珠澳大桥整体物理模型,研究工程实施对伶仃洋诸港口、伶仃航道、铜鼓航道及附近海域流场、潮位和水深变化的影响。结果表明:港珠澳大桥实施对潮流、潮位的影响仅在桥轴线上下游各4 km的范围内,对伶仃航道、铜鼓航道通航基本没有影响。     

南汇嘴潮滩沉积物粒度特征研究

文中以实测底质采样资料为基础,对南汇嘴沉积物粒度特征进行了分析,并利用Gao&Collins沉积物趋势分析法探讨边滩的沉积物输运趋势。总体上看,样品粒级变化不大,主要以粘土质粉砂、粉砂为主。没冒沙区域由于受到特殊地形以及水流的影响,沉积物以细砂为主;南汇东滩在横向分布上,沉积物粒径逐渐变粗再逐渐变细;南滩受风浪影响,近岸浅滩沉积物颗粒组成较粗,而远岸区域海床颗粒较细。沉积物中值粒径、分选系数和偏度的分布具有一致性,三者相关性较强;浅滩的沉积物粒度特征表现为正偏,分选性较差,分选系数值集中在2左右;南汇嘴区域沉积物运移方向主要是从口外向西输移,汇聚在南汇嘴附近;杭州湾北岸沉积物主要是向东输运,达到芦潮港西侧水域后逐渐转为向南或向南偏东离岸方向运动,对芦潮港附近水下岸坡的冲刷后退起到了一定的影响。     

Differences in emission of nitrogen and phosphorus into the Vistula and Oder basins in 1995-2008 — Natural and anthropogenic causes (MONERIS model)

The aim of the modeling studies (MONERIS) was to estimate annual source apportioned nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) emissions into the Vistula and Oder basins in 1995-2008, thus, during the transition period in Poland, characterized by changes in both agricultural sector and handling of point source pollution. N and P emissions into both basins showed declining tendencies. Between the sub-periods 1995-2002 and 2003-2008, the overall N emission into the Vistula and Oder basins decreased by 16-17% (i.e. by ca. 26,900 tons in the Vistula and by ca. 18,000 tons in the Oder basin); P emission declined by 23% in the Vistula and by 32% in the Oder basins (i.e. by ca. 3400 tons in the Vistula and by ca. 2200 tons in the Oder basin). The temporal patterns of N and P emission into the Vistula and Oder basins, as well as the percentage contribution of N and P pathways (particularly: overland flow, tile drainage, groundwater, waste water treatment plants) showed great differences between the basins. Natural (type of bedrock, soil type, lake area) and anthropogenic (regionally and temporarily different type and intensity of agricultural activity, spatially different structural changes in agriculture during the transition period, regionally and temporarily different investment in waste water treatment plans) factors were found to be responsible for the differences, and the relationships are extensively discussed in the paper. In 1995-2008, 70% of N emission into both river basins was via groundwater and tile drainage, with the former playing more important role in the Vistula basin, and the latter playing more important role in the Oder basin; contribution of N emission from point sources was comparable in both rivers and it reached 11-12%. In 1995-2008, point sources, erosion, overland flow, and urban systems were found the most important P pathways in both basins, with a higher percentage contribution of point sources in the Oder basin.