1 600 P/2 000 m车道客滚船撤离路线优化及计算

重点介绍了1 600 P/2 000 m车道客滚船撤离时的撤离路线优化及撤离时间计算.     

人员撤离仿真及其在船舶设计中的应用

在紧急情况下确保船上人员及时撤离是船舶安全性的最后一个环节,较好的方法是在船舶总体设计阶段进行撤离分析验证。基于《新客船和现有客船撤离分析指南》提出的高级撤离分析方法,对人员撤离仿真的概念、原理、特点作简要介绍,并通过实例说明其在船舶设计中的应用。旨在为船舶设计人员进行撤离分析提供参考,为提升船舶的安全提供建议。     

客滚船撤离分析及计算

本文结合实船给出了客滚船撤离分析和计算。     

基于Auto CAD的客船撤离计算工具的开发和应用

介绍了客船撤离计算的背景以及国内外关于客船撤离的相关研究成果。通过对IMO发布的《新客船和现有客船撤离分析指南》的研究,应用Auto CAD二次开发技术开发出了撤离计算工具。该工具能够极大地简化客船撤离计算过程中的繁琐程序,显著提高撤离计算的效率和准确性,并成功应用于多项实际工程项目。     

5000 t起重铺管船人员撤离系统分析与研究

根据第75届海上安全委员会通过的决议和通函MSC.1/Circ.1238以及消防安全系统规则的相关要求对5 000 t起重铺管船在发生危险情况准备弃船时人员撤离路线及撤离时间进行分析与研究,通过最大限度地模拟分析实际事件,从基准事例评估撤离过程,明确标定拥挤点和紧要区域,并对标定处所在船上的位置给出合理的建议。     

船员撤离难船时存在的问题及对策

分析了船员在撤离难船时存在的问题,并提出了船员如何安全撤离难船的方法。     

深远海设施人员应急撤离路径优化模型

针对深远海设施人员应急撤离路线优化问题,基于深水半潜式支持平台船体实际环境信息,考虑各可撤离路径的通行能力,引入拥挤度和撤离时间来计算人员路阻函数,构建人员撤离路径优化模型.以一个小型多源多汇拓扑网络的人员撤离方案为例,分别求解人员撤离路径优化模型和传统最短撤离路径模型,并对计算结果进行对比分析,验证人员撤离路径优化模型的有效性.     

客滚船逃生撤离分析

本文主要介绍了客滚船逃生撤离分析的依据、过程和必要性。     

无动力船舶锚泊及紧急撤离风险评估

以中海油298无动力船锚泊系统作业及紧急撤离过程为例,应用风险分析理论和风险值的计算方法,对该过程进行系统风险评估。内容包括识别无动力船舶锚泊系统作业及紧急撤离的风险源,建立事故树并进行定性风险分析,并结合专家意见进行初步的定量风险分析。提出一套符合无动力船舶锚泊系统作业及紧急撤离实际需要的风险分析、风险辨识、风险评估及风险管理体系。     

30000 DWT载货教学实习船撤离布置设计

30000 DWT载货教学实习船是一艘国际航行定员135人的多用途重吊船兼教学实习船,作为特种用途船,其防火按照载运不超过36名乘客的客船的要求.根据海安会通函MSC/Circ.1238,该船模拟实际撤离的基准状况,通过撤离时间计算,满足脱险逃生性能的要求.从前期设计和后期优化的角度,详细地阐述了撤离分析的思路和流程,并对同类型船的优化布置提出建议.     

基于社会力模型的邮船舱段疏散滞后性分析

针对邮船遭遇紧急事件时乘客疏散过程中的滞后问题,基于社会力模型并应用逐段分析法分析在不同情景下的人员疏散过程。计算结果表明,随着滞后时间的增长,舱室内乘客的疏散效率逐渐降低。最危险的情况是在疏散开始时滞后3个舱段,人员疏散有效时间在平均疏散时间中占比不及50%,总时间是无滞后疏散的2倍。研究方法对邮船及其他类型客船的人员疏散流线设计具有一定的参考意义。     

A maritime safety on-board decision support system to enhance emergency evacuation on ferryboats

Planning emergency evacuation operations in a proactive manner in public marine transportation systems is a critical success factor for passenger and crew safety. Despite the fact that there is a growing attention on safety issues for marine transportation systems, providing a real-time decision support for evacuation planning under different emergency conditions has not yet been addressed. In this context, this paper contributes to the related literature by providing a comprehensive methodology including simulation and statistical analysis along with a three-module decision support system (DSS) for ferryboat emergency evacuation. Emergency evacuation and fire environment are simulated via Maritime EXODUS V5.1 and SMARTFIRE V4.3, respectively. The methodology is applied to a real-life Ro-Ro ferry, and the results not only revealed significant factors on emergency evacuation performance, but also demonstrated the validity of the developed decision support system.     

Have tropical marine protected areas worked? An initial analysis of their success

A multinomial choice framework was used to analyze data from hypothetical storm forecast scenarios administered via mail survey to a random sample of U.S. Gulf Coast residents. Results indicate that the issuance of a mandatory evacuation notice and the presence of higher wind speeds had the largest influence on increasing the likelihood of evacuation. Age, race, disability, distance, and education were significant in explaining one's decision to wait relative to choosing to evacuate. Blacks and disabled individuals were strictly less likely to wait and more likely to make an immediate evacuation decision. Hurricane Katrina evacuees and those with an evacuation destination identified were also more likely to decide to evacuate, but were also more likely to wait before deciding. Results indicate that residents of mobile homes were more likely to either evacuate or wait before making a decision, but strictly less likely not to evacuate. Respondents very confident in being rescued were strictly more likely not to evacuate. Results indicate that not having an evacuation destination identified was the most influential factor regarding the likelihood of not knowing what choice to make.     

Coastal Zone Management: Using No-Build Areas to Protect the Shorefront

Five coastal counties in Florida were studied to assess the effect of state-mandated local comprehensive plan policies on hurricane evacuation clearance times and public shelter demand. Numbers of residential units in 2002 and at the time of plan approval were estimated from property parcel data. Abbreviated transportation models were used to calculate 2002 evacuation times and shelter demand and to ascertain the impacts of post-plan residential growth within hurricane hazard areas. Calculated increases in clearance times and shelter demand are not in concert with the state's mandate to maintain or reduce clearance times. State law currently limits the leverage of the state planning agency to compel local governments to implement the required comprehensive plan policies. We recommend a concurrency management strategy that parallels the state's requirement to provide adequate transportation facilities to accommodate the impacts of future residential growth. Such a policy could be employed in other states as well.     

Crying wolf: Repeat responses to hurricane evacuation orders

This article examines the evacuation behavior of residents in two South Carolina communities, Hilton Head and Myrtle Beach, during the 1996 hurricane season. Two hurricanes that approached South Carolina but hit in North Carolina allowed us to study the impact of repeated “false alarms”; (evacuations ordered based on expectations of a hurricane landfall that proved to be wrong). Differences in evacuation behavior, specific information and concerns prompting evacuation, and the reliability of information sources between hurricane events are examined to determine the impact of false alarms on the credibility of warning systems. Data were derived from a face‐to‐face survey of residents 2 weeks after Hurricane Fran in September 1996. We found that the role of official advisories was more limited than reported in previous research as people sought information on more diverse sets of concerns in their decision making. Reliance on the media and the Weather Channel, in particular, for storm characteristics and advisories was an important factor in evacuation decision making during both hurricane events. The perceived lack of reliability of gubernatorial warnings coupled with dependence on the media suggests that residents find other sources of information more personally relevant. Thus, while residents do not find that officials are “crying wolf,”; they are searching elsewhere for information to assess their own risk—what does it mean to me if there is a wolf? This increased attention toward individual differences in perceived threat may become more pronounced in future evacuations from hurricanes.     

Studies on emergency evacuation management for maritime transportation

Marine transportation is a vital component of the world’s economy and transportation network. The number of people using passenger ships around the globe is increasing worldwide. Similar to other transportation systems, passenger safety is critical in maritime shipment. As emergency evacuation processes for ships are highly different from and more complicated than those for buildings and other vehicles, many researchers have published a vast range of documents related to this peculiar research area. However, there is a tangible lack of sufficient literature review studies that investigate marine emergency evacuation (MEE). That being the case, the potential of marine transportation and the effect of emergency evacuation operation on life safety have inspired the proposal of this study. This paper offers a review of the available literature on MEE modelling, analysis and planning during the period from 1973 to 2017 using a systematic approach. After reviewing relevant academic journals, peer-reviewed conference papers, and technical reports of agencies, relevant literature is analysed. In addition, the literature review is extended by means of proposing a framework methodology which considers different possible conditions and situations during MEE. Finally, insights for ship managers and policymakers are discussed and potential future research directions are identified.     

海洋工程饱和潜水员高压逃生撤离系统浅析

介绍了饱和潜水员高压逃生撤离系统存在的背景以及国内外研究状况,梳理了该系统相关国际海事组织决议要求和船级社规范,在分析该系统的分类和特点的基础上,较详细地介绍高压救生艇的特点,并预测了该系统的发展方向,为日后我国相关机构和企业对此系统进行详细的开发研究提供借鉴。