超大型沉箱出运与安装关键技术

研制成功胶囊车顶升运移大型沉箱出运工艺,将出运沉箱的质量从3 000 t提高到7 000 t,甚至10 000 t。青岛地区两项大型工程的成功实践,介绍了超大型沉箱出运、溜放下水和现场安装的关键技术,为超大型沉箱的出运与安装提供借鉴。     

搭岸方式沉箱上船过程技术参数的计算方法及应用

通过对搭岸方式沉箱上船过程相关技术参数的计算,将沉箱出运船的性能参数、预制场参数和潮汐表等因素进行合理匹配,确定沉箱上船工艺的技术指标,并制定沉箱出运的安全操作控制要点,确保沉箱出运安全。     

半潜驳艏倾下潜加起重船吊扶出运大型沉箱工艺

针对沉箱出运时半潜驳平潜作业稳性不满足规范要求和下潜深度存在不足的问题进行了分析,提出了利用半潜驳艏倾下潜加起重船吊扶来弥补的措施。沉箱出运结果表明,这种方法是切实可行的,对类似工程沉箱出运具有参考价值。     

4000t浮船坞技术改造

为完成某港沉箱出运任务,根据预制场码头轨距、标高等参数对船舶进行相应改造.在船舶不上坞的情况下,这使得船舶性能和质量满足使用要求,缩短了改造工期,节约了改造成本,圆满完成沉箱出运任务.     

复杂海况条件下的大型沉箱出运及安装工艺技术

重力式码头工程施工的重点和难点是大吨位沉箱的出运和安装工艺,如何运用半潜驳和起重船在最短时间内完成沉箱出运和安装是码头成败的关键。文中介绍福州松下3#泊位工程沉箱出运、安装施工工艺。     

滑板出运大型构件技术在青兰山原油码头工程中的应用

针对采用轨道轮式台车或气囊出运沉箱及大型门机吊运箱梁等工艺,预制场建设周期长、费用高等问题,提出运用滑板出运技术,并介绍了施工过程和注意事项,对沉箱的固定进行了详细的计算。通过滑板出运技术的运用,使临时预制场具有了安全、优质、高效、低耗的特点。该技术对提高类似大型构件出运及预制场建设具有较好的借鉴意义。     

5000 t沉箱整体预制施工

电厂泵房采用5 000 t沉箱,如此大型的沉箱预制、出运在国内为首创。介绍沉箱的施工方法及注意事项。     

大批量大型沉箱在恶劣海况下的出运与安装

文章总结了在长江口深水航道治理二期工程中,于无掩护外海,风浪大、涨落潮流速大、水域泥砂含量高的恶劣海况下,出运、安装544个半圆型沉箱的施工工艺。其中包括沉箱的水平运移、出运下水、沉箱的定位和安装。     

大型沉箱预制施工监控要点

南沙港区一期工程水工结构工程,采用重力式沉箱结构.笔者通过对沉箱预制和出运过程监理,对大型沉箱预制质量监控的技术及措施进行了总结和分析,为今后同类型项目的实施提供参考.     

中型沉箱出运、安装方案

人们普遍认为采用半潜驳出运、安装超过2000 t的大型沉箱,采用浮吊船出运、安装低于500 t小沉箱较为适宜,而对500~2000 t之间的中型沉箱采用何种方案出运、安装并未有统一意见。通过广西北海LNG接收站陆域形成工程,从环境、经济、技术方面进行分析比较,提出采用大型浮吊船（起重船）配合平板方驳出运、安装中型沉箱的优越性,并探讨施工措施。     

船舶非线性横摇运动数值模拟研究

非线性大角横摇运动是危害船舶安全的重要因素,也是船舶水动力学关注的热点及难点问题。文章采用CFD方法,对某型驱逐舰船模在不同波长规则波中横浪航行时的横摇运动进行了数值模拟。通过与水池实验比对,数值仿真得到的稳定横摇幅值与实验值的误差在10%左右。同时,数值模拟证实了非线性横摇的两种典型特征—“多值”及“跳跃”现象。数值模拟结果表明,CFD方法可作为研究船舶非线性横摇运动的有效手段。     

A numerical investigation of the squat and resistance of ships advancing through a canal using CFD

As a ship approaches shallow water, a number of changes arise owing to the hydrodynamic interaction between the bottom of the ship’s hull and the seafloor. The flow velocity between the bottom of the hull and the seafloor increases, which leads to an increase in sinkage, trim and resistance. As the ship travels forward, squat of the ship may occur, stemming from this increase in sinkage and trim. Knowledge of a ship’s squat is necessary when navigating vessels through shallow water regions, such as rivers, channels and harbours. Accurate prediction of a ship’s squat is therefore essential, to minimize the risk of grounding for ships. Similarly, predicting a ship’s resistance in shallow water is equally important, to be able to calculate its power requirements. The key objective of this study was to perform fully nonlinear unsteady RANS simulations to predict the squat and resistance of a model-scale Duisburg Test Case container ship advancing in a canal. The analyses were carried out in different ship drafts at various speeds, utilizing a commercial CFD software package. The squat results obtained by CFD were then compared with available experimental data.     

基于Matlab平台的船舶避碰模型研究

根据本船的运动参数及连续两次观测所得到的目标船的相对方位和距离,运用避碰几何原理,在Matlab平台下建立了船舶避碰真运动模型,可以得到目标船运动参数及本船的避让措施和恢复航向的时机,并给出真运动轨迹图。文中还选择船舶会遇的典型实例对本模型进行了验证,结果表明,模型模拟的结果正确,对实际避碰行动有参考价值。     

舰船惯导航行数据的重构及混沌特性分析

针对现有舰船航行数据处理研究中,对数据内在属性及不同数据间相关性研究不够深入的问题,应用不同方法对舰船惯导航行数据进行了相空间重构及比较分析。分析结果表明,C-C方法对船舶惯导航行数据的重构效果较好。在此基础上,进行了惯导数据的混沌特性定性分析,并计算了惯导数据的最大Lyapunov指数,对舰船惯导数据进行了混沌动力学特性研究。分析结果证实了舰船航行数据具有较为典型的混沌特性,为进一步研究采用混沌控制等方法对舰船航行中的混沌状态进行控制提供必要的数据基础和比较依据。     

船舶耐波性与船舶航速

通过对耐波性的分析,总结了船舶在波浪中航行时的耐波性标准,并提出了船舶在考虑了耐波性标准后应采取的经济航速,为船舶在大风浪中的开航安全评估提供了依据。     

系泊船舶运动响应周期试验研究

针对国内外系泊船舶物理模型试验中所给系泊船舶运动响应周期特征参数的不同,对横向波浪作用下一艘26.6×104 m3系泊LNG船舶的运动响应周期特性进行物理模型试验研究。结果表明,半载状态下,纵移运动存在着32 s的自振周期;横移运动为周期性间歇增长运动,横移运动周期与系泊船舶固有横摇周期的比值在1.11～1.23,大体上随波浪周期增大成倍数增长;横摇运动峰值随波浪周期增大而增大,横摇运动周期与系泊船舶固有横摇周期的比值在1.23～1.48,大体上随波浪周期增大成倍数增长;不同装载状态下回转运动均存在着较长的自振周期:半载状态为30 s,满载状态为32 s。     

波浪中母船干扰下潜水员梯的运动及水动力特性分析

潜水员梯是通过销轴连接在母船舷侧为潜水员执行潜水作业时上下船的平台,为保证在波浪中使用时的安全性,对其波浪作用力、运动响应及销轴处的动作用载荷设计有较高要求。为研究母船干扰下潜水员梯的动态响应特性,采用基于深水格林函数为积分内核的边界元方法,先计算母船及潜水梯这一整体的运动响应及其平均湿表面的辐射和绕射压力分布,依据刚体运动合成原理求解得到潜水梯重心处的运动。再以潜水员梯为研究对象,采用压力积分方法获得潜水员梯的波浪力作用,并将其运动、波浪力和销轴处的作用力联立构成动力学平衡方程,逆向求解出销轴处的动作用力。基于上述思路,系统研究了波长、航速及潜水员梯与母船相对位置变化时潜水员梯的运动、波浪作用力及销轴处作用力的变化规律,为潜水员梯的布置、销轴的选型及潜水作业时母船的操纵可提供指导意义。     

The applicability of hydrofoils as a ship control device

Centrifugal forces are commonly created when ships turn, which may cause a ship to capsize in a critical situation. A mathematical model has been developed to optimize the stability coefficients for ship, with the aim to prevent capsizing and to increase ship maneuverability in high-speed water craft. This model can be used to develop algorithms for control system improvement. The mathematical model presented in this paper optimized the use of multipurpose hydrofoils to reduce heeling and the trimming moment, maintaining an upright ship’s position and lessening the resistance via transverse force. Conventionally, the trimming and heeling of a ship are controlled using ballast water; however, under variable sea conditions it is sometimes difficult to control a ship’s motion using ballast water. In this case, a hydrofoil would be more stable and maneuverable than a ballast tank controlled vessel. A movable hydrofoil could theoretically be adapted from moveable aerofoil technology. This study proves the merit of further investigation into this possibility.     

Change in list of a ship due to vertical shifting of a weight

When a ship gets an original list, and a weight is to be vertically shifted (or is to be suspended by a ship’s gear), two approaches for calculating the change in list of the ship have been developed as follows: the first one—for the case when the biggest list of a ship is not more than 5–6°, and the second one—when the biggest list of a ship is not more than 10–12°. These equations have been represented in dimensionless form and reviewed for different specific shapes of a ship’s sides: circle, tumblehome, and wall-sided ones. For wall-sided ships, in order to simplify the procedure of calculating the change in list, a graphical approach and corresponding nomogram has been proposed and designed. The developed method and equations can be also used for calculating the change in list of a ship when heavy-lift cargo is just suspended by the ship’s own gear during heavy-lift operations.     

船舶压载水领域标准现状及发展分析

对国际海事组织《国际船舶压载水和沉积物控制与管理公约》提出的压载水置换、压载水处理要求及其实施时间进行分析,介绍船舶压载水处理技术和产业现状.通过分析船舶压载水领域国际和国内标准现状,对我国船舶压载水领域标准化发展提出建议,为我国船舶压载水领域标准化工作提供参考.