广西高速公路绿化带结构及降噪效果研究

文章通过对广西现有高速公路沿线绿化带种类、结构进行调查、对不同结构类型绿化带对交通噪声的降噪效果监测、统计等,分析高速公路现有绿化带不同类型结构与其交通噪声降噪效果的关系。结果表明,广西高速公路沿线绿化林带结构、类型等直接决定其最大附加衰减值大小。绿化林带在垂向和横向上结构越复杂、枝叶遮密度越密,层次空间越丰富,最大附加衰减值越明显。     

济青高速公路绿化带对交通噪声和铅污染的防护作用

公路绿化带可对交通噪声和汽车尾气带来的铅(Pb)污染产生一定防护作用,这对于减轻路域环境污染具有重要意义。采用原位调查和取样分析相结合的方法,研究了山东省济青高速公路路侧绿化带对交通噪声和铅污染的衰减效果。研究结果表明,高速公路绿化带对交通噪声有一定的减轻作用,但在不同的绿化模式下,衰减效果存在较大差异。济青高速公路两侧土壤存在一定程度的Pb污染,在不同绿化模式下,路侧绿化林带对公路Pb污染的防护作用也有较大差别,宽度过大的林带并不是防护Pb污染的理想措施。     

低噪声沥青路面降噪原理及影响因素分析

在分析轮胎噪声产生来源与分类的基础上,结合吸声系数与多孔隙沥青混合料结构之间关系,探讨了多孔隙低噪声沥青路面的降噪机理,建立了低噪声沥青路面降噪预测模型,分析了不同因素对沥青路面的降噪效果的影响程度。     

岩石边坡绿化植物浸种催芽试验研究

文章选用贵州高速公路边坡绿化常用的7种乔、灌木种子,通过热水浸种催芽播种试验,研究不同浸种催芽处理措施下乔、灌木种子的出苗时间和出苗率。结果表明:针对不同树种的种子特性,采取不同的浸种催芽处理措施,可提早种子的出苗时间,缩短出苗期;不同的浸种催芽处理措施可提高乔、灌木种子的出苗率,但不同的树种其最佳的浸种催芽处理措施各不相同。     

综合降噪技术在新泰至宁阳高速公路中的应用研究

采用低噪音路面和新型高效声屏障综合降噪技术处置交通噪声,并进行现场测试,测试数据表明,采用OGFC-13低噪音路面结构,在噪声200~1250 Hz频段,路面的平均吸声系数在0.25~0.59,吸声性能较好,可有效降低车内交通噪声约3.0 dB;在对试验段综合降噪效果的测试后发现,采用本文采用的综合降噪技术处置后,项目试验路段在距离声屏障屏体30 m处降噪效果为9.9 dB,相较普通路段降噪效果提升约4.3 dB,且监测数据表明,随着距离的增加,采用综合降噪技术处置的路段降噪效果表现的更加高效。     

城市道路交通噪声治理措施分析

通过对道路交通噪声的污染危害及产生原因分析,提出了交通噪声从噪声源、传播途径及接收者三方面的治理措施。重点分析了不同类型的降噪路面和声屏障,并对各种降噪措施进行了适用性比较。     

公路交通噪声监测方法和防治措施研究

本文分析了交通噪声产生的危害,强调交通噪声防治的重要性,结合现行高速公路交通噪声声环境功能区质量监测、衰减断面监测等监测方法,从路线选择、新技术运用、声传递控制等方面综述了可行且有效的交通噪声防治方法,并提出应基于降低噪声污染源源强角度出发,加强降噪路面及低噪声运输工具研发工作,从源头控制噪声污染,从根本上解决噪声污染问题的建议。     

沥青玛蹄脂碎石路面的降噪机理探讨

通过室内轮胎/路面振动试验和沥青混合料动态力学参数测试,初步研究了沥青玛蹄脂碎石路面(SMA)降低轮胎/路面噪声的机理.试验结果表明,SMA路面衰减轮胎振动能力明显优于普通AC路面,其降噪机理在于材料的内部阻尼和路表纹理.     

穿村路段公路噪音影响与防治分析

通过对山东省沂南县境内国省道干线公路穿村路段声环境分析与研究,在已设置18个监测点中,发现其中9个敏感点存在噪音影响,但噪声超标量都比较小,针对此情况,本文就其降噪防治策略进行研究,根据不同程度的噪声超标敏感点提出防治策略,以解决国省干线公路的噪音影响。     

地铁振动传递特性实测与分析

目前我国城市轨道交通在快速发展，随之带来的地铁隧道振动噪声问题也受到广泛关注。地铁车辆在运行时产生的振动会经道床、隧道壁等传播至地面上方建筑物，这种振动和噪声会对居民的生活、工作和休息产生影响。为掌握地铁隧道曲线段高峰期振动传播规律，对某市地铁4号线某区段隧道内及地面和室内振动进行现场测试。基于实测结果，在时、频域内分析研究地铁隧道曲线段高峰期列车引起的振动传播规律，为后续减振降噪措施提供依据。在选定试验区段的基础上，选取1个地下截面进行隧道振动、轮轨力、位移测试、浮置板固有频率测试，地上测试选择与截面对应的地面进行高峰时段垂向振动加速度测试。结果表明：钢轨与道床的振动总极值基本相差不大，而振动衰减最大的位置是在于浮置板道床向隧道壁传递，衰减大约40dB(Z)，其次是隧道壁向地面的振动衰减，大约为20dB(Z)。振动由室外向室内传递过程基本变化不大。     

The cost of convenience; Air pollution and noise on freeway and arterial light rail station platforms in Los Angeles

Light rail transit (LRT) systems constitute one of the most sustainable public transportation modes and transit agencies have increasingly constructed LRT lines along the median of roadways to reduce land acquisition costs and traffic conflicts. Despite these conveniences, few studies have examined the air pollution and noise exposures for passengers on LRT station platforms within freeway or arterial medians. In response, we monitored particle number count (PNC) concentrations and noise levels on 17 station platforms in the Los Angeles metro system in summer 2012 and assessed differences between freeway and arterial platforms. We visited each station on average 7 times for approximately 19 min with two teams carrying a full set of instruments. As expected, impacts were higher on green line platforms in the center of a grade-separated freeway compared to blue line platforms in the center of an arterial due to being in close proximity to greater traffic volumes. Overall, freeway-arterial platform differences were 35,100 versus 20,000 particles/cm³ for PNC and 83 versus 62 dBA for noise. This average noise intensity on green line platforms was four times that on blue line stations. We also found that PNC concentrations were significantly higher at open air monitoring platform positions compared to standing under a shade canopy (about 2000 particles/cm³ higher), but that noise levels were significantly lower at open air positions compared to under canopy positions (about 3.2 dBA lower). Results identify important factors for transport planners to consider when locating and designing in-roadway LRT platforms.     

Assessing carbon reduction effects toward the mode shift of green transportation system

Plans are underway to introduce green transportation systems at Taiwan's famous scenic spot, Sun Moon Lake, to reduce carbon emissions. Carbon reduction effects after changing the current lake tour modes are assessed using a nested logit model with a stated preference survey, which investigated tourists' choice preferences. The empirical results reveal that the modes of electric bus, electric vehicle sharing, and bike are clustered in the same competitive group. Travel cost, in‐vehicle travel time, and out‐vehicle travel time are found to be statistically significant with the expected negative effects. In particular, the attribute of carbon reduction is only significant for green tourists, who are willing to pay US$ 3.5/kg of carbon saved. The result indicates that more efficient carbon reduction is possible by restricting the usage of gasoline vehicles rather than improving the service levels of low‐carbon modes. Notably, the effect of parking charges on emission reduction is equal to the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by 4511 trees per day. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Edge effect of busy high traffic roads on the nest site selection of birds inside the city area: Guild response

The rapid development of road infrastructure is inevitable with increasing world human population and rise in the number of vehicles on the roads is going to be an increasing threat to native habitat of many wildlife populations around the world. The present work examines the edge effect of high traffic roads on nest site selection of birds in Udaipur city, Rajasthan (India). A total of 112 nesting site of 14 bird species (among six guilds), was recorded during the study. All six guilds (i.e., carnivore, omnivore, granivore, nectivore, frugivore and insectivore) were sharing similar kind of habitat with fine scale differences (P < 0.0001). The PCA revealed that trees with suitable GBH, canopy and height were supporting birds’ nesting diversity, but the buildings were supporting the highest number of nesting. Different guilds showed different preference to different variables. Spatial heterogeneity, less predation, optimal feeding ground and higher number of advertising and display boards of shops at roadside buildings might be crucial factors for birds’ nesting in this highly disturbed area.     

Simultaneous internalization of traffic congestion and noise exposure costs

This study elaborates on the interrelation of external effects, in particular road traffic congestion and noise. An agent-based simulation framework is used to compute and internalize user-specific external congestion effects and noise exposures. The resulting user equilibrium corresponds to an approximation of the system optimum. For traffic congestion and noise, single objective optimization is compared with multiple objective optimization. The simulation-based optimization approach is applied to the real-world case study of the Greater Berlin area. The results reveal a negative correlation between congestion and noise. Nevertheless, the multiple objective optimization yields a simultaneous reduction in congestion and noise. During peak times, congestion is the more relevant external effect, whereas, during the evening, night and morning, noise is the more relevant externality. Thus, a key element for policy making is to follow a dynamic approach, i.e. to temporally change the incentives. During off-peak times, noise should be reduced by concentrating traffic flows along main roads, i.e. inner-city motorways. In contrast, during peak times, congestion is reduced by shifting transport users from the inner-city motorway to smaller roads which, however, may have an effect on other externalities.     

基于SPSS的交通噪声对高层建筑的影响分析

交通环境噪声对人体生理心理两方面均造成严重影响,轻则致人抑郁,严重可致人死亡。本文通过实地监测宁波市某小区交通环境噪声,使用SPSS分析其与楼层高度之间的关系,建立线性回归数学模型。发现整体环境噪声成先上升后下降的趋势,在6层以上的交通环境噪声随楼层高度的增高而下降。由此结合该小区周边环境以及已建成设施,提出三方面的防噪降噪的措施:(1)建立合适高度长度的隔声屏障;(2)使用绿化景观设计;(3)给房屋室内安装吸声降噪材料。     

Options for reducing noise from roads and railway lines

The fundamental noise generation mechanisms of road and rail vehicles are discussed with attention to noise abatement measures. Based on an evaluation of publicly available tire noise data and the European road traffic noise emission model CNOSSOS, it is shown that on the road side there is a significant noise reduction potential in the usage of low-noise tires. From a three months measurement campaign a noise model was derived to predict the maximal sound pressure level of heavy duty vehicles during a pass-by in 7.5 m distance with the parameters vehicle speed and number of axles. With help of recently published information about external costs caused by heavy duty vehicles and the noise prediction tool, a model was developed to derive a money equivalent that can be used as a bonus/malus in a heavy duty vehicle fee. As a measure at the infrastructure, the installation of low-noise pavements is an effective, durable and economically attractive measure. Recent experiences with different technologies from all over the world are compiled and evaluated. On the rail side, an overview of the possible noise reduction strategies is given, followed by a discussion of the current policy and legislation in the EU and on the national level of different European countries.     

An experimental study of the effect of low-noise wheels in reducing noise and vibration

Wheel/rail interaction is a major source of railway noise. A low-noise wheel structure is developed and its effect on noise reduction is investigated. This low-noise wheel employs a rubber material inserted into the steel rim or mounted on the wheel surface. The low-noise wheel has low stiffness and a high-damping ratio compared to a solid wheel. Measurement shows that it reduces rolling and squealing. It turns out that a subway line with the proposed wheel could reduce its interior noise level by 4–5 dB(A) and vehicle vibration level by 7–8 dB. While the proposed structure seems promising in noise reduction for railway vehicles, the endurance and cost effectiveness of the low-noise wheel are yet to be verified.     

广西高速公路声屏障降噪效果研究

文章结合实地监测结果,对广西高速公路沿线现有各类声屏障的降噪效果进行了分析评估,并提出了相应的高速公路声屏障设计思路及建议。