基于特征函数展开方法计算水深变化区域驳船运动响应（英文）

本文主要研究在近岸水深变化区域两维矩形驳船的运动。变化底部被分解为连续的阶梯且驳船所在流体域被划分为一系列矩形子域。在每个流体子域中采用特征函数展开方法表达速度势,并通过连续性假设求解速度势的值。文中对计算方法的收敛性进行了讨论并给出表达式中参数的推荐值。本文计算驳船在平底和斜底条件下的水动力系数并与文献结果进行对比,同时把驳船在非规则波中的运动响应与水池试验结果进行了对比验证。     

二维驳船结构在规则波作用下的高频共振响应研究

基于势流理论建立二维完全非线性数值波浪水槽模型,利用该模型对二维驳船结构在非线性规则波作用下的高频共振响应进行了研究.采用高阶边界元方法解决边界值问题,应用混合欧拉-拉格朗日方法和四阶龙格库塔法模拟结构物与波浪的相互作用,引入虚拟函数法耦合求解波浪载荷与物体运动.计算了浮动驳船结构在规则波作用下的运动,并将数值结果与实验值进行了对比验证.当入射波浪的3倍频等于物体横摇方向固有频率时,物体横摇运动发生的高频共振现象,并分析了其影响因素.基于完全非线性数值波浪水槽模型探究了高频共振响应现象的发生机理,为今后海洋工程结构物的高频共振响应问题做有益探索.     

基于三维时域格林函数高阶面元法的船体运动计算

针对波浪中航行船体的运动问题,基于三维时域自由面格林函数并采用高阶面元离散,编程计算了浮体的运动响应.采用自由面格林函数,只需在船体湿表面布源,减少系数矩阵维度,避开自由面网格划分;同时高阶面元法(HOBEM)在计算速度势空间分布时能够提高精度.本文通过计算Wigley-Ⅲ型船在波浪中有航速前行时的运动,与实验进行对比,发现结果符合较好,证明这种方法的有效性.     

下水驳船调载阀门开关时间优化算法研究(英文)

利用下水驳船移运船舶产品是一种提高船厂修造船能力的有效方式.在船舶产品移运上驳过程中,要求驳船通过调节自身压载水舱水量使驳船始终保持与码头岸边齐平.在调载过程中,调节水舱阀门打开时间是影响驳船浮态的重要因素.本文通过对调载过程特征分析,并考虑产品上驳速度以及潮位变化等参数影响,建立了适当数学模型,分别采用惩罚函数法、网格法和模拟退火法进行求解.通过实例计算与结果分析比较,确定了合适的优化模型和对应解法,同时也证明了本文所述方法的正确性和实用性.     

基于三维非线性区域分割法的船舶运动时域计算研究

基于三维势流理论,构建船舶在波浪中航行的非线性区域分割法。用假想的控制面将计算域分为内域和外域,其中外域采用自由面格林函数法,内域考虑自由面非线性,采用满足移动兴波线性化自由面条件的Rankine面元法,并通过过渡函数使内外域速度势及其导数在控制面上连续。内外域耦合求解得到扰动速度势及流体动压力。其中自由面运动学边界条件、动力学边界条件及物面条件m项中的移动兴波速度势及波面抬升是基于非线性兴波计算得到的,较线性化自由面条件更为精确。以数学船型Wigley-3为对象,讨论了不同因素对计算收敛性的影响,验证了该方法的可靠性和准确性;以S60和S175两种具有外飘的实际船型在波浪中的运动响应为例,将计算结果与试验及其他方法进行了对比,验证了三维时域非线性区域分割法在实船运动预报中的准确性。     

高架索航行补给中船舶在波浪中的运动性能研究

采用三维势流理论计算高架索航行补给中两船在波浪中的运动响应,将船体周围流场速度势分解为波浪入射势、自身绕射势、相邻船体的存在产生的绕射势、自身辐射势和相邻船体运动产生的辐射势,通过源汇分布法进行求解;对高架索索道上的恒定张力在耦合方程中表示为高架索瞬时张力系数矩阵;求解两船体在规则渡中的联立运动方程可得两船的运动响应.通过计算结果与高架索航行补给中两船运动响应的试验结果进行比较,吻合良好,说明文中的计算方法是可行的,在此基础上,对不同高架索恒定张力和不同浪向角条件下的接受船运动幅值响应进行计算并讨论.最后得出结论.     

88m超规范甲板驳船的结构强度有限元分析

通过充分利用DNV的Sesam软件和MSC.patran以及MSC.Nastran几个软件的优势,对一艘88m超规范甲板驳船进行了横向强度分析,找出船舶在不同工况下所对应的承载规律。并在频域内采用三维线性势流理论的波浪载荷计算方法对甲板驳船进行了波浪载荷直接计算,分析了不同工况先载荷分布的特点,并将计算结果与CCS规范和DNV规范中的结果进行了比较,为合理选取波浪载荷提供依据。     

铰接多浮体耦合解析计算

利用Lagrange方程求解波浪作用下的铰接多浮体结构运动响应.基于二维微幅波理论,将流场分成若干子区域,在每个子区域内将速度势用特征函数展开,在各区域边界上进行速度势及水平速度的匹配并结合运动方程耦合求解速度势中的系数及结构响应值.计算与实验结果的比较表明,所采用的计算方法是合理的,可以为研究波浪与铰接多浮体相互作用作为参考.     

基于两种计算方法的二维水翼性能预报

对拉普拉斯方程采用Galerkin方法得到积分表达式,建立以流场速度势为未知量有限元总体方程.并采用2种不同的计算模式求解有限元方程,即控制流线法和速度势分解法,计算了绕NACA4412二维翼的表面压力分布,不同攻角的升力系数以及流线分布.讨论了2种方法各自的特点.计算结果与试验数据进行了对比,取得了较为一致的结果,说明了本文方法的有效性和可靠性.     

大型浮托安装驳船在极浅水中的运动特性和触底条件分析

结合我国渤海锦州9-3油田新建导管架平台的实际工程背景,针对大型浮托安装驳船在极浅水条件下运动性能和触底现象开展数值计算和物理实验研究。通过两者之间的相互对比,验证了计算结果的正确性。实验中观察到驳船的浅水效应现象,并对该现象的产生原因进行了分析。结合实际海域的海洋环境条件,开展敏感性分析,得到驳船在不同海况下的运动特性,并对驳船是否会发生触底进行了评估。研究结果为保障极浅水条件下,导管架组块浮托安装实际工程的安全应用提供了有力支撑。     

Ventilation of bottom water in the North Sea–Baltic Sea transition zone

The transition zone between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea is a highly dynamic region where a general estuarine circulation forms a regional scale frontal system from northern Kattegat to the Arkona Sea. This system is characterized by an upper low saline out?owing Baltic water mass from the in?owing saline Skagerrak bottom water to the Kattegat and Belt Sea area. Large and rapid ?uctuations of the frontal system are caused by barotropic transports, forced by changing sea level difference between northern Kattegat and the western Baltic Sea, and this results in high variability of the hydrographic conditions and also in frequent in- and out?ow events to the Baltic. The dynamics in the region are here analyzed by a regional model of the transition zone, covering the area from the northern Kattegat to the Arkona Sea. The model is validated against water level, temperature and salinity measurements from the region, and the transports through the Danish straits are related to previous estimates and empirical relations. A sensitivity study quantify the role of bathymetry, the tidally induced mixing and the in?owing Skagerrak bottom water for ventilating the bottom water with Skagerrak water or surface water.Furthermore, the dynamics in the region is analyzed with tracers representing the age of the water. The distribution of age tracers with different boundary conditions are analyzed, and the role of advection and mixing for ventilating the bottom water is quanti?ed in terms of the water age. It is shown that the Great Belt area is a very dynamical area where bottom water is ventilated with surface water. The interannual variation of the ventilation of bottom water in the period 2001–2003 is analyzed by various age tracers and related to observed oxygen conditions, and it is shown that the extreme hypoxic event in the autumn 2002 in the southern Kattegat, the Great Belt and in the western Baltic Sea coincide with an unusual low vertical ventilation rate in the Great Belt area, but normal advection rates of bottom water from the northern Kattegat. This indicates that during this particular event, and probably in general, ventilation of bottom water in the Great Belt has signi?cant in?uence on oxygen conditions in the southern part of the region and for ventilation of bottom waters in the western Baltic Sea. In contrast, the central Kattegat is primarily ventilated by advection of bottom water from the Skagerrak. An age tracer representing the ventilation rate of bottom water with either Skagerrak water or surface water is shown to be inversely correlated to the observed oxygen distribution in the region.     

模糊-PID控制在绞吸船水下泥泵自动调速中的应用

绞吸挖泥船装驳施工中,操作人员频繁调节水下泥泵电机转速以稳定管路内泥浆流速。针对这一问题,采用模糊-PID技术设计水下泥泵电机自动调速控制系统。该控制方法以流速作为自变量,以泥泵转速作为因变量,并将吸入真空、泥泵机功率及泥浆浓度作为安保条件,可以保证在装驳施工过程中泥浆流速持续维持在设定区间内。实际应用表明,模糊-PID控制在水下泥泵调速过程中具有反应快速、控制精准、鲁棒性好等特点,具有较好的推广价值。     

自卸开底泥驳的设计与改进

介绍运载抛卸船的几种常用型式 ,重点分析了开底泥驳卸泥时的受力状态。论述了开底泥驳卸泥性能取决于船舶自身的有关参数 ,同时取决于土壤特性。并运用此观点成功地进行了一艘泥驳的技术改造     

Higher-order boundary element method for the interaction of a floating body with both waves and slow current

A hybrid boundary element method is suggested to solve the problem of the interaction of floating structures with both waves and slow current. A pulsating source and its mirror image referring to the sea bottom are adopted as the Green's function. The velocity potentials are expanded into an eigenfunction expansion in the outer region of the fluid domain while higher order elements are used to discretize the boundary surface surrounding the inner region. The method is validated by comparing calculated results for a circular cylinder with the semi-analytical solutions. The method is then applied to ellipsoids of various breadth and draft to investigate the influence of body shape on the wave drift damping.     

大型沉箱在烟台地区的出运下水

介绍了对原用于长江口深水航道治理二期工程施工的专用半圆沉箱安装船“安定一号”的技术改造,使之成为一艘沉箱下水专用船舶。改造后具有搭岸、座底双重功能的平潜式半潜驳,成功出运了3000吨级大型沉箱,建造了3万吨级和7万吨级集装箱泊位各一个。     

坐底式半潜驳的开发和应用

坐底式半潜驳的开发,主要的技术难点是缺乏相应的设计规范和法规。坐底式半潜驳开发的过程,是满足施工工艺需要、解决关键技术和不断完善提高的过程。工程实践表明,开发成果的应用效果显著,技术经济和社会效益明显,同时,推动了行业的技术进步。     

Bathymetric influences on the lower Chesapeake Bay hydrography

Observations of salinity and density in the lower Chesapeake Bay are used to describe the bathymetric influence on the transverse hydrographic structure in the area. Current velocity observations of high spatial resolution are also used to relate the flow structure to the hydrographic structure. Tidal flow characteristics in the lower bay are affected by the combination of bathymetry and hydrography. Increased stratification over channels relative to shoals may increase M₂ ellipticity with depth over channels but not over shoals. It is found that three consistent hydrographie features can be related to the transverse structure of the longitudinal flow: (1) persistent stratification over channels due to differential tidal advection of density gradients, (2) development of bottom front separating net inflows from net outflows at the region south of Chesapeake Channel, and (3) outflow of low salinity water at the northern end of a lower bay section. Based on these hydrographie features, two basic hydrographic regimes are proposed to exist throughout the year in the lower Chesapeake Bay: (1) a low buoyancy-high mixing energy regime of stratification restricted to channels, a northward monotonical increase in salinity, and a weak bottom front, and (2) a high buoyancy-weak mixing energy regime of stratified conditions everywhere, a large region of northward salinity decrease at the northern half of the section, and a robust bottom front. The dynamics in the transverse direction for the former regime is ageostrophic, and in the latter regime the contribution by geostrophy is approximately 50% as bathymetric influences become less evident.     

Bathymetry impacts on water exchange modelling through the Danish Straits

Deep and narrow channels in Danish Straits are one of the governing factors for the Baltic–North Sea water and salt exchange. The channels have a depth up to 50 m and a horizontal scale of a few hundred meters. The typical horizontal resolution used in current operational three dimensional Baltic–North Sea models is 1 nautical mile (nm) which can not well resolve these deep channels. In this paper, an alternative method is used to generate the 1 nm resolution bathymetry so that the deep channel is well resolved and at the same time the total water volume is roughly conserved. The impact of the new bathymetry on modelling water and salt transports as well as temperature and salinity structure is assessed by comparing a 3-year model run with the adjusted bathymetry and a control run with the averaged bathymetry. Volume and salt transports through the Great Belt are examined in the two runs. The results show that the model ocean is dominated by a typical two-layer transport (i.e., upper brackish Baltic outflow and lower saltier inflow), and the new bathymetry significantly enhances the two-layer transport. The lighter Baltic outflow is increased by 18% in the upper 10 m and saltier deep inflow is increased by 300% (in comparison with the old bathymetry) below 10 m. The total net transport into the Baltic Sea is increased by 13%. The temperature and salinity structure is also significantly influenced by the bathymetry, especially during inflow events. The stratification is strengthened and the bottom salinity is increased in Danish Straits and adjacent waters. The bathymetry impact is found significant through the entire 3-year model run period, and the signal is propagated to a large area covering the Stopple Channel. Comparison with observations show that such changes are positive improvements to the models. The results suggest that the deep channels in the Danish Straits have to be carefully resolved in order to correctly simulate the Baltic–North Sea water exchange.     

Time-domain,shallow-water hydroelastic analysis of VLFS elastically connected to the seabed

In order to ensure the safe operation of a VLFS, a combination of mooring, breakwater and other motion reducing systems is employed. In the present work, the transient hydroelastic response of a floating, thin elastic plate, elastically connected to the seabed, is examined. The plate is modelled as an Euler-Bernoulli strip, while the linearized shallow water equations are used for the hydrodynamic modelling. Elastic connectors are approximated by a series of simple spring-dashpot systems positioned along the strip. A higher order finite element scheme is employed for the calculation of the hydroelastic response of the strip-connector configuration over the shallow bathymetry. After the definition of the initial-boundary value problem, its variational form is derived and discussed. Next, on the basis of the aforementioned formulation, an energy balance expression is obtained. The effect of variable bathymetry on the response of a two connector-strip system is examined by means of three seabed profiles featuring a flat bottom, an upslope and a downslope environment. For the flat bottom case, the strip response mitigating effect exerted by the employment of two and three elastic connectors is considered. Finally, by means of the derived energy balance equation, the energy exchange is monitored, providing a valuable insight into the transient phenomena that take place in the studied configurations.     

T型驳船过渡区域设计及强度分析

T型驳船可以显著提升驳船的最大导管架下水能力和最大组块浮托安装能力,在其船中为船宽过渡区,同时最大弯矩和剪力也出现在该区域,导致其结构复杂。目前已经建成的T型驳船均为方驳改造而成。通过对一艘新建T型驳船过渡区域的结构进行合理设计,同时完成不同设计工况的有限元强度分析,使结构更加可靠,减少了以往改造驳船造成的复杂结构和应力集中现象,同时满足规范及使用要求。