基于协调一致性的半挂汽车列车制动性能研究

半挂牵引车和半挂车组成的半挂汽车列车是最为常见的公路运输工具。根据实际运输需求,半挂牵引车与半挂车之间可随机连接,极大程度地提升了运输效率,降低了运输成本。半挂汽车列车的道路行驶安全也不容忽视,车辆的制动协调一致性对于其安全性能有着巨大影响。本文依据GB 12676—2014《商用车辆和挂车制动系统技术要求及试验方法》的相关要求,基于协调一致性,规定了相应的制动兼容带,设计了一套气压调节装置,通过法规试验对半挂汽车列车的制动性能展开研究,为企业的研发认证提供参考。     

半挂汽车列车转弯制动试验方法研究

转弯制动性能对半挂汽车列车的制动安全有重大影响,针对我国目前半挂汽车列车转弯制动试验标准缺失,传统的单车试验设备不适用于半挂汽车列车等问题,本文中从试验系统搭建、系统安装方式和试验方法与评价等方面对半挂汽车列车转弯制动试验进行了探索性研究。结果表明:半挂汽车列车转弯制动过程中侧向加速度、制动减速度、横摆角速度和牵引车的俯仰角随车速的升高而增加。建议半挂汽车列车转弯制动试验中车速不超过30km/h,转弯半径不小于25m。     

半挂汽车列车主动气压制动系统建模与控制

为提高半挂汽车列车主动安全性能,建立了一套半挂汽车列车主动气压制动控制系统。设计了一套能与半挂汽车列车传统气压制动系统兼容的主动气压制动执行机构,搭建了相应的硬件系统;建立了系统增、减压模型和电磁阀开关过程模型;利用实验数据,采用粒子群算法对模型参数进行了辨识;在此基础上,建立了基于模型的主动气压制动控制策略,并进行了测试验证。结果表明,提出的半挂汽车列车主动气压制动控制系统能实现精确的主动气压制动控制。     

半挂汽车列车转弯制动稳定性模糊控制

针对半挂汽车列车转弯制动时易发生折叠等危险工况的现象,采用Trucksim和Simulink联合仿真的方法,建立了半挂汽车列车转弯制动的动力学模型,并利用实车道路试验数据验证了模型的准确性.设计了半挂汽车列车转弯制动稳定性的控制器和模糊控制策略,并选择高、中、低三种附着系数路面对模糊控制策略和传统逻辑门限控制策略的效果进行了对比分析.结果表明:半挂汽车列车在三种附着系数路面上转弯制动时,模糊控制比逻辑门限控制在车辆制动稳定性能上有所改善,可有效地缩短制动距离和预防折叠现象的发生.     

半挂汽车列车制动动作滞后影响因素研究

在分析半挂车制动过程的基础上,初步提出了影响半挂汽车列车制动动作滞后的相关因素。为深入研究各因素对半挂汽车列车制动动作滞后的影响程度,选定半挂汽车列车的初始管路气压等四个因素开展了试验验证,并通过对试验验证结果的分析,提出了开展此项试验时应注意的事项,以及半挂车生产企业为提高半挂汽车列车制动动作滞后性能可采取的措施。     

JN462A+BGJP26型半挂汽车列车制动系统的设计与分析

介绍了由JN462A型牵引车与BGJP26型集装箱平板半挂车组成的半挂汽车列车制动系的设计,并通过半挂汽车列车各轴制动力的调整,对半挂汽车列车的制动稳定性和制动效能进行了分析研究。     

半挂汽车列车制动性能仿真计算

在分析半挂汽车列车结构特点及使用条件的前提下,对其制动系统的性能进行了仿真设计,并借助被利用附着系数法预测了该车的使用性能及制动稳定性.     

半挂汽车列车弯道行驶工况下轴偏角对行驶稳定性影响的仿真分析

针对半挂汽车列车弯道行驶稳定性差的问题.运用仿真分析软件ADAMS建立了半挂汽车列车整车模型,通过对比稳态转向特性试验和制动效能试验的仿真结果与实车试验结果,验证了仿真模型与实车的一致性.分析了弯道行驶工况下轴偏角对半挂汽车列车折叠角和转向特性的影响,结果表明,半挂车轴偏角的方向与半挂汽车列车的转向一致时,半挂汽车列车折叠角增大,有利于半挂汽车列车的行驶稳定性.     

考虑载质量的半挂汽车列车前向避撞策略研究

碰撞是半挂汽车列车行车事故的主要事故形态,为了提高半挂汽车列车行车安全,研究了考虑不同载质量的半挂汽车列车的前向避撞策略。通过分析载质量对制动性能的影响,研究了考虑载质量的前向避撞安全阈值的确定方法。在此基础上,提出了考虑半挂汽车列车载质量的前向避撞多级预警策略。基于Truck Sim/Simulink进行了空载和满载的半挂汽车列车前向避撞的仿真试验。试验结果表明,前向避撞多级预警策略在不同载质量下具有较好的效果。     

855型快速继动阀简介

金华汽车修理厂许福寿老技师在1985年为JHBG13型汽车半挂列车的双管路制动系统设计了855型快速继动阀,由嵊县汽车制动配件厂试制成功,它既能提高列车中轴的制动性能,又可解决前、中、后三轴的制动同步问题。还可解决长轴距大客车的后轴制动时进、排气缓慢的问题。新型继动阀的特点有: 1.结构紧凑,工艺性、密封性、灵敏度等都较好。经测试,滞后时间为0.005～     

智能可变轮胎附着力系统的设计与应用

通过检测车轮速度及踩踏制动踏板的急缓程度,由电控单元判断,若是在紧急制动的情况下,控制电磁线圈通电,电磁作用使安装在轮辋上的泄气电磁阀动作,轮胎泄压,瞬间增大轮胎与地面的附着力,从而缩短制动距离;若是在冰雪、泥泞等特殊路面上,由电控单元通过电磁线圈控制泄气电磁阀,使轮胎泄半压,增大轮胎与地面的附着力,提高车辆的加速和制动性能,保持方向稳定。当紧急制动或特殊路面的情况消失之后,安装在轮辋上的充气阀将自动充气到轮胎的正常气压,并自动停止。     

基于视觉识别的线控制动压力滑模控制

制动安全是车辆主动安全的关键技术之一.制动决策和执行器控制是影响线控制动系统性能的两个主要因素.路面自适应性和控制器鲁棒性分别对制动决策和执行器控制有着重要影响,制约着线控制动系统的发展.本文中以一种液压调控的线控制动系统为基础,针对路面自适应性和控制器鲁棒性问题,提出一种双层结构的制动系统控制器,上层采用计算机视觉的...     

Development of an electric booster system using sliding mode control for improved braking performance

Brake systems of the future, including BBW (Brake-by-Wire), are in development in various forms. In one of the proposed hydraulic BBW systems, an electric booster system replaces the pneumatic brake booster with an electric motor and a rotational-to-linear motion mechanism. This system is able to provide improved braking performance by the design of controllers with precise target pressure tracking and control robustness for better system reliability. First, a sliding mode controller is designed using the Lyapunov function approach to secure the robustness of the system against both the model uncertainty and the disturbance caused by the master cylinder and mechanical components. Next, a simulation tool is constructed to validate the electric booster system with the proposed controller. Finally, the electric booster system is implemented into an actual brake ECU and installed in a vehicle for testing under various braking conditions. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed controller produces faster pressure build-up performance than the conventional brake system, and its tracking performance is sufficient to ensure comfortable braking.     

A practical identifier design of road variations for anti-lock brake system

Emergency brake technologies have always been a major interest of vehicle active safety-related studies. On homogeneous surfaces, traditional anti-lock brake system (ABS) can achieve efficient braking performance and maintain the handling capability as well. However, when road conditions are time variant during the braking process, or different at the bilateral wheels, braking stability performance is likely to be degraded. To address this problem and enhance ABS performances, a practical identifier of road variations is developed in this study. The proposed identifier adopts a statechart-based approach and is hierarchically constructed with a wheel layer and a full vehicle layer identifier. Based on the identification results, modifications are made to a four-phase wheel-behaviour-based ABS controller to enhance its performance. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed identifier in collaborating with the modified ABS controller are examined via simulations and further validated by track tests under various practical braking scenarios.     

Modeling and control of an anti-lock brake and steering system for cooperative control on split-mu surfaces

The brake and steering systems in vehicles are the most effective actuators that directly affect the vehicle dynamics. In general, the brake system affects the longitudinal dynamics and the steering system affects the lateral dynamics; however, their effects are coupled when the vehicle is braking on a non-homogenous surface, such as a split-mu road. The yaw moment compensation of the steering control on a split-mu road is one of the basic functions of integrated or coordinated chassis control systems and has been demonstrated by several chassis suppliers. However, the disturbance yaw moment is generally compensated for using the yaw rate feedback or using wheel brake pressure measurement. Access to the wheel brake pressure through physical sensors is not cost effective; therefore, we modeled the hydraulic brake system to avoid using physical sensors and to estimate the brake pressure. The steering angle controller was designed to mitigate the non-symmetric braking force effect and to stabilize the yaw rate dynamics of the vehicle. An H-infinity design synthesis was used to take the system model and the estimation errors into account, and the designed controller was evaluated using vehicle tests.     

Co-operative control for regenerative braking and friction braking to increase energy recovery without wheel lock

This paper presents a regenerative braking co-operative control algorithm to increase energy recovery without wheel lock. Considering the magnitude of the braking force available between the tire and road surface, the control algorithm was designed for the regenerative braking force at the front wheel and friction braking force at the rear wheel to be increased following the friction coefficient line. The performance of the proposed regenerative braking co-operative control algorithm was evaluated by the hardware in the loop simulation (HILS) with an electronic wedge brake on its front wheels and an electronic mechanical brake on its rear wheels. The HILS results showed that a proper braking force on the front and rear wheels on a low μ road prevented the lock of the front wheels that was connected to the motor, and maintained the regenerative braking and increased energy recovery.     

某重型自卸车排气辅助制动效果不良的探索和改进

文章针对某重卡6×4自卸车出现辅助制动效果不良的现象,结合此车型对排气辅助制动器参数进行理论校核计算,发现按照理论参数进行匹配设计并不能有效地提高排气辅助制动性能：同时与市场上反映使用效果较好的同等竞品车型进行对比分析,找出导致该重型自卸车排气辅助制动效果不良的主要原因,并对该自卸车排气辅助制动系统进行优化;通过试验验证表明,改进后的辅助制动性能得到明显提升,并优于同等竞品车型。     

电磁制动与摩擦制动集成系统测试台架设计及试验研究

根据电磁制动与摩擦制动集成系统的工作原理,设计了一种电磁制动与摩擦制动集成系统测试台架.为检验该测试台架的性能.以某型轿车为对象.选择电磁制动器的磁极与制动盘间间隙、线圈匝数和磁极中心到制动盘中心距离为因素.进行3因素3水平正交试验.试验结果表明,采用所设计的测试台架对不同车型进行试验,可得到电磁制动与摩擦制动集成系统的最佳结构参数和安装参数.     

Cooperative control of the motor and the electric booster brake to improve the stability of an in-wheel electric vehicle

A cooperative control algorithm for an in-wheel motor and an electric booster brake is proposed to improve the stability of an in-wheel electric vehicle. The in-wheel system was modeled by dividing it into motor and mechanical parts, and the electric booster brake was modeled through tests. In addition, the response characteristics of the in-wheel system and the electric booster brake were compared through a frequency response analysis. In the cooperative control, the road friction coefficient was estimated using the wheel speed, motor torque, and braking torque of each wheel, and the torque limit of the wheel to the road was determined using the estimated road friction coefficient. Based on the estimated road friction coefficient and torque limit, a cooperative algorithm to control the motor and the electric booster brake was proposed to improve the stability of the in-wheel electric vehicle. The performance of the proposed cooperative control algorithm was evaluated through a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS). Furthermore, to verify the performance of the proposed cooperative control algorithm, a test environment was constructed for the anti-lock braking system (ABS) hydraulic module hardware, and the performance of the cooperative control algorithm was compared with that of the ABS by means of a HILS test.     

汽车制动性能比较分析

汽车的制动性能关系剑汽车安全行驶性能。ABS防抱死系统的应用是汽车安全性方面最重要的技术进展。通过对装备ABS汽车与普通汽车制动距离的计算比较分析发现,在湿滑的道路上突然制动,ABS系统可以使驾驶员能够保持车辆行驶平稳,在较短的距离内将汽车刹住。但在不湿滑的路面上,缩短刹车距离的范同值比较小。而在冰雪路面上行驶的车辆,没有装备ABS的汽车在湿路面或冻路面上制动时,制动距离会过长且不能猛烈转向。而装备ABS系统的汽车也是如此,因为尽管ABS能提供附加的制动控制和转向控制,但它不能解决这样一个客观的物理事实：那就是在较滑的路面上,可利用的牵引力很小。