AZ31B镁合金电子束焊接接头显微组织及疲劳性能

为了改善镁合金焊接接头的微观组织及其力学性能,采用真空电子束焊接工艺对厚10 mm的AZ31B镁合金板材进行焊接,分析电子束对接接头的显微组织、元素分布和物相组成,检测了电子束对接接头静载拉伸性能和疲劳性能.试验结果表明AZ31B镁合金电子束焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能均得到了改善:焊缝区晶粒明显细化,焊缝区Mg、Zn元素的质量分数分别降低了0.12%和0.28%,Al、Mn元素的质量分数分别增加了0.24%、0.14%,焊缝区为单相α-Mg,无明显的低熔点β-Mg17Al12脆性;焊接接头的抗拉强度为242 MPa,能够达到母材的抗拉强度;在脉动载荷（R=0.1）、2×106循环次数下,其接头的疲劳强度为91 MPa,能达到母材的78.4%.      

S450EW高耐蚀性耐候钢的焊接工艺

通过斜Y铁研抗裂性试验、拉伸、冲击、弯曲、金相组织、疲劳和周期浸润腐蚀试验对S450EW新型高耐蚀性耐候钢焊接接头进行了研究.结果表明:采用TH650EW-Ⅱ焊丝对S450EW新型高耐蚀性耐候钢焊接时,可获得拉伸、冲击、弯曲及抗裂性能均良好的焊接接头;S450 EW钢材的金相组织为回火索氏体(贝氏体+铁素体),晶粒度7～8级,非金属夹杂物中硫化物0.5 ～1级,氧化铝0级;与传统耐候钢相比,接头的疲劳强度和耐腐蚀性能均有大幅度提升,为我国铁路货车的实际生产提供了理论依据.     

Ignition-proof properties of a high-strength Mg-Gd-Ag-Zr alloy

<正>A high-strength Mg-15.3Gd-l.8Ag-0.3Zr(GQ152K,mass fraction) alloy was prepared by conventional ingot metallurgy process.The solution and aging(denoted as T6) treated alloy exhibits remarkable mechanical properties with ultimate tensile strength of 421 MPa and tensile yield strength of 309MPa.It has higher igniting temperature of 1208 K.Moreover,it can stand against flame at 1203 K for over 6 min in vertical burning tests, and its flammabiUty behavior is very similar to that of 6101A1 alloy.Vertical burning tests appear to be able to directly study the flammability behavior of Mg alloys and it appears to be a good approach to study the flammability behavior of Mg alloys in an aircraft fire accident.     

电弧喷铝防腐涂层组织与性能的研究

用SEM、SRD等分析技术,研究了电弧喷Al涂层、Zn涂层及Al-Zn伪合金涂层的显微组织和相组成,测试了三种涂层的力学性能和有机酸中性盐介质中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,Al涂层的结合性能和耐腐蚀性能均优于Zn涂层和Al-Zn伪合金涂层。     

High Efficiency and Quality of Multi-Pass Tandem Gas Metal Arc Welding for Thick Al 5083 Alloy Plates

Multi-pass tandem gas metal arc welding(TGMAW) for Al 5083 alloy plates with 30 mm thickness is carried out to study its high efficiency and high quality. The welding process is evaluated by high-speed photographs and electrical signals. The deposition rate and welding time are calculated to characterize the welding efficiency. The bead formation, porosity, microstructure and mechanical properties are tested and analyzed. The results indicate that though arc deflection occurs due to the electromagnetic interference between two arcs during TGMAW process, it does not affect the welding process stability significantly. The deposition rate and welding time of TGMAW process are about 15 g/min larger and about 16.7% less than those of gas metal arc welding(GMAW)process respectively, accompanied by the reduction of heat input. The TGMAW welded joint has less porosity and more refined microstructure to contribute to the improvement of mechanical properties(micro-hardness, tensile strength and ductility). It can be concluded that TGMAW process yields excellent performance of welded joint with improved welding efficiency, which makes it extremely practical during welding of thick plates.     

稀土元素在渗碳工艺中的应用研究

研究了稀土渗剂的成分，渗碳温度和时间对渗碳层深度的影响，测定了渗层的显微组织，渗层碳浓度梯试度分布及有关的力学性能，结果表明，稀土元素在渗碳过程中有明显的催渗作用，与常规渗碳工艺相比，可提高渗速25％，改善渗层的组织与性能，有明显的经济效益和社会效益。     

稀土元素对低温铝基钎料性能影响的研究

本文研究了稀土元素Y、Ce对Al—Zn—Cu—Si系列低温铝基钎料的熔化温度、钎焊工艺性、电极电位及其接头的机械性能、抗腐蚀性能的影响规律,结果表明:少量Y、Ce能细化晶粒,改变组织的分布状态,它们不改变钎料的电极电位,但却提高了钎焊接头的机械性能和抗腐蚀性。     

电弧喷铝防腐涂层组织与性能的研究

用SEM、XRD等分析技术,研究了电弧喷Al涂层、Zn涂层及A1-Zn伪合金涂层的显微组织和相组成,测试了三种涂层的力学性能和在有机酸及中性盐介质中的耐腐蚀性能．结果表明,Al涂层的结合性能和耐腐蚀性能均优于Zn涂层和A1-Zn伪合金涂层．     

30NiCrMoV12和EA4T材质高速动车组车轴服役性能

为全面掌握高速动车组30NiCrMoV12和EA4T两种车轴材质的服役性能，分别实测了新、旧车轴的化学成分、常规力学性能、标样疲劳特性、冲击性能、断裂韧性、疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值和疲劳裂纹扩展速率等，并对其金相组织进行观测，综合评价分析两种材质车轴服役性能. 结果表明:（1） 与EA4T材质相比，30NiCrMoV12材质车轴中Ni含量高10倍，Mo、V含量高2倍，C含量略高，抗拉强度高34%，屈服强度高54%，疲劳强度高30%；（2） 断裂损伤性能对比中，30NiCrMoV12材质车轴比EA4T材质车轴的常温冲击功约低12%，断裂韧性约高34%，EA4T材质新轴疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值比30NiCrMoV12新轴的高21%，旧轴时两者相当；（3） 当应力强度因子幅度小于50 MPa?m1/2时，30NiCrMoV12材质车轴裂纹扩展速率大于EA4T材质车轴，反之，30NiCrMoV12材质车轴裂纹扩展速率小于EA4T材质车轴；（4） 30NiCrMoV12材质车轴整个截面组织均为晶粒细小的贝氏体和回火马氏体，淬透性较好，制造工艺性能好；EA4T车轴在表面约30 mm深度范围为均匀的贝氏体和回火马氏体，后随深度增加逐渐出现铁素体，距表面60 mm为珠光体和铁素体，并以铁素体为主.      

Temperature Drop Model Based on Discrete Element Method for Simulating Damage of Bio-Cemented Sand by Cold Wave

The microbially cemented sand(MCS) material is a new building material with a broad research prospect, although the nationwide cold wave affects the mechanical properties of the material in the practical application. The microstructure of MCS is obtained by computed tomography(CT) and scanning electron microscope(SEM); the thermodynamic mathematical model is established by considering the particle shapes and bonding state based on direct element method(DEM). By studying the damage of temperature drop amplitude and cooling duration to MCS material under the effect of cold wave, the following conclusions are drawn. For a given temperature drop range, an increased cooling time can aggravate the material damage. In addition, a rapid drop in temperature can cause serious damage to the material. The cracks generated by the temperature stress propagate in the direction of the weaker component of the material. The DEM model can be better used to analyze the damage of the MCS structure induced by cold wave.     

Influence of high frequency vibration on deep drawing process of AZ31 sheet at room temperature

Quasi-ultrasonic vibration with a frequency of 15 kHz and a maximum output of 2 kW was imposed on the deep drawing process of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet at room temperature, in order to reveal the effect of high frequency vibration on deformation behavior of AZ31 during the process. From the drawn results and the observation of the microstructure within the large deformation area, high frequency vibration has a great influence on the formability, the forming load and the failure mode of AZ31 sheet during the deep drawing process; the influence is a comprehensive result of so-called ??volume effect?? and ??surface effect??, and relies on the vibrating amplitude. Total forming load decreased significantly as soon as the vibration superimposed. According to the tensile test results of AZ31 bars under ultrasonic vibration, the formability of AZ31 sheet increases firstly with the increase of stimulating energy, then decreases and finally becomes brittle. Under the combined influence of ??surface effect?? and the ??softening?? in the ??volume effect?? near the relative low amplitude of 25%A in the experiment (A is the maximum amplitude), the formability of AZ31 reaches the largest value, and the samples possess the same distribution trend of cracks as those added with lubricating oil. With the increase of excitation energy, the ??volume effect?? gradually becomes apparent, and finally the ??hardening?? of the ??volume effect?? occupies a dominant position.     

Improvements of elevated temperature strength and creep resistance of Mg-12Zn-4Al based alloy with calcium addition

A series of Mg-12Zn-4Al-0.3Mn (ZA124) based alloys with additions of calcium have been prepared and their microstructure and properties have been investigated. The results show that Mg-12Zn-4Al-0.3Mn alloy consists of the ??-Mg matrix and block quasicrystal and exhibits excellent creep resistance compared to commonly used AZ91 alloy. A small amount of calcium addition to the ZA124 based alloys increased the yield strenghth at both ambient and elevated temperatures as well as creep resistance, although the ductility decreased slightly. Microanalysis indicated that the addition of calcium decreased the quasicrystalline phase and caused the formation of some lamellar precipitates of Al₂Mg₅Zn₂ with orthorhombic crystal structure. This Ca-containing Al₂Mg₅Zn₂ phase with high stability straddled the grain boundaries and strengthened grain boundaries by inhibiting crack propagation during creep tests at elevated temperature.     

中间处理对粉末高温合金FGH4095组织性能的影响

为了研究热处理制度对粉末高温合金FGH4095组织强化相γ'形态分布特征的影响,采用氩气雾化制备FGH4095高温合金粉末,经筛分、除夹杂处理后,热等静压烧结成形,对比研究不同的热处理条件下, FGH4095合金组织γ'相的大小、形貌及分布,测试了室温20 ℃和高温650 ℃下合金的拉伸性能,并对650 ℃高温下拉伸断口进行了比较分析.结果表明:中间热处理能够改善γ'相的形状及分布;经中间处理,材料高温拉伸性能明显提高,屈服强度从1 150 MPa提高到1 210 MPa,拉伸强度从1 230 MPa提高到1 460 MPa;中等尺寸γ'相数量增加,晶界得到优化,合金高温塑性得到提高.      

实时测温技术在调质热处理中的应用

热处理工艺参数对金属部件的组织和力学性能有显著的影响,以盘形工件淬火热处理为例,采用实时测温技术准确监控淬火热处理过程中工件的加热和冷却的温度-时间历程,并结合随炉试样的组织和力学性能,科学制定出热处理工艺规范,控制热处理工艺过程,稳定热处理质量,使工件性能满足了使用要求.     

皮肤组织的热力学行为表征:Ⅰ. 拉压行为

目的重点研究在不同温度下猪皮肤组织的拉压行为,探讨温度和真皮层胶原质热变性对皮肤组织力学性质的影响。方法实验采用新鲜猪皮,在特殊设计的温控制拉伸系统和压缩系统条件下观察猪皮肤在不同温度下的拉压行为。结果在拉伸实验中,皮肤的刚度随着温度的升高而降低,而在压缩实验中则相反。结论温度对皮肤组织的拉伸和压缩行为都有影响:拉伸性质的变化主要是由于随着温度的升高皮肤胶原蛋白的热变性所引起,而压缩性质的变化则有可能是由于在热变性的影响下水合的变化所引起。     

WELDOX960E高强钢手工电弧焊焊接接头组织与力学性能

通过拉伸、弯曲、冲击、硬度和金相组织分析等试验,对手工电弧焊焊接WELDOX960E高强钢焊接接头组织和力学性能进行研究.研究结果表明：采用Phoenix SH Ni2 K130焊条、手工电弧焊焊接WELDOX960E高强钢时,可以获得拉伸、弯曲、冲击性能良好的接头;其焊缝组织为针状铁素体与粒状贝氏体的混合分布;熔合区及粗晶区组织为板条马氏体和少量白色M-A块区;正火区组织为块状铁素体、粒状贝氏体和珠光体;母材显微组织为回火索氏体;WELDOX960E高强钢焊缝硬度为270 ～ 300 HV,且距离熔合线30 mm处出现软化区.     

钢纤维掺量对混凝土高温力学性能的影响

利用订制的可实现程序控温的高温试验系统,按国际标准火灾曲线ISO-834对钢纤维混凝土试块进行了高温试验。探讨了钢纤维混凝土高温后抗压强度、抗拉强度随温度变化的规律,研究了钢纤维混凝土在高温后的力学特性。试验表明,钢纤维掺量越高,高温后混凝土性能提高越大;在各种不同温度级别的高温作用下,钢纤维的掺入均可较大幅度提高混凝土残余抗拉强度;而对混凝土高温后残余抗压强度,只有在500℃以上时,钢纤维才有较大贡献。     

Polycrystalline behavior analysis of extruded magnesium alloy AZ31

Uniaxial tensile and compressive tests were performed at room temperature on extruded AZ31 Mg alloy specimens and distinct tensile-compressive anisotropy was detected. Deformed specimens were examined and the results indicate that the generation of {10 $\bar 1$ 2}〈10 $\bar 1$ 1〉 twin is responsible for the mechanical anisotropy. A rate independent crystal plasticity model, which accounts for both slip and twinning, was developed for polycrystalline hexagonal close packed (HCP) materials. Model predictions for the stress-strain curves and texture evolution were in reasonable agreement with the experimental results. Specifically, the model captured the three stages of strain hardening for uniaxial-compression. By comparing stress-strain curves and texture evolution between model predictions and experimental measures, information about the dominant slip and twinning systems active at room temperature was deduced.     

DILLIMAX690T高强度结构钢焊接工艺

通过斜Y铁研抗裂性试验、拉伸、弯曲、低温冲击、硬度等试验方法对DILLLMA X690T(即D690T)新型高强度结构钢焊接接头的抗裂性和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明:D690T高强度结构钢有一定冷裂倾向,但在预热温度≥100℃时,选取适合的焊接材料,可避免裂纹的产生;D690T高强度结构钢的同种接头及分别与HG785E高强钢、Q345E低合金钢焊接的异种接头均具有良好的拉仲、弯曲性能和低温冲击性能;焊接热影响区的硬度偏高,在实际生产时可适当提高预热温度.     

镁合金AZ31的差热分析及凝固组织观察

利用差热分析（DTA）和在不同温度下加热-急冷,并结合金相组织观察的方法研究了AZ31镁合金的凝固相变温度及凝固组织变化特征．通过对AZ31镁合金DTA曲线的分析和不同温度下金相组织的比较、分析,确定了该合金的相变起始温度为430．1℃,共晶温度为438．5℃,固相线温度为614．4℃,液相线温度为636．4℃．同时,通过对不同温度下急冷试样的组织观察,分析了AZ31镁合金在凝固过程中的相变及组织演变特征,并确定了差热分析所得相变温度的准确性．