A study on Automatic Reefer Monitoring Solutions in Container Terminals

With the fast improvement of the technology of refrigeration in reefer containers (hereinafter referred to as 'reefer' or 'reefers'),the scope of containerizable reefer cargos is expanded continuously in the past years,from the fish that should be frozen at minus 60 degrees Celsius to the flower bulbs at 30 degrees Celsius and from the temperature-sensitive goods whose deviation should be less than 1 degree Celsius to the fresh fruits and vegetables controlled by humidityventilation adjustment system.Being an important node in the logistics chain,the container terminal (hereinafter referred to as ‘CT') should pay more attention to these state-of-the-art techniques and adopt the accordingly suitable technology to optimize its reefer monitoring business in order to provide the highly cost-effective services to ship owners (or their agents) and shippers / consignees (or their brokers).     

一种改进的海洋平台结构损伤诊断方法研究(英文)

In the exploitation of ocean oil and gas, many offshore structures may be damaged due to the severe environment, so an effective method of diagnosing structural damage is urgently needed to locate the damage and evaluate its severity. Genetic algorithms have become some of the most important global optimization tools and been widely used in many fields in recent years because of their simple operation and strong robustness. Based on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the structure, the damage diagnosis of a jacket offshore platform is attributed to an optimization problem and studied by using a genetic algorithm. According to the principle that the structural stiffness of a certain direction can be greatly affected only when the brace bar in the corresponding direction is damaged, an improved objective function was proposed in this paper targeting measurement noise and the characteristics of modal identification for offshore platforms. This function can be used as fitness function of a genetic algorithm, and both numerical simulation and physical model test results show that the improved method may locate the structural damage and evaluate the severity of a jacket offshore platform satisfactorily while improving the robustness of evolutionary searching and the reliability of damage diagnosis.     

Using a SVM to evaluate damage to vibration isolators in an elastic raft system

Predicting damage to vibration isolators in a raft experiencing heavy shock loadings from explosions is an important task when designing a raft system. It is also vital to be able to research the vulnerability of heavily shocked floating rafts unreliable, especially when the allowable values The conventional approach to prediction has been or ultimate values of vibration isolators of supposedly uniform standard in a raft actually have differing and uncertain values due to defective workmanship. A new model for predicting damage to vibration isolators in a shocked floating raft system is presented in this paper. It is based on a support vector machine（SVM）, which uses Artificial Intelligence to characterize complicated nonlinear mapping between the impacting environment and damage to the vibration isolators. The effectiveness of the new method for predicting damage was illustrated by numerical simulations, and shown to be effective when relevant parameters of the model were chosen reasonably. The effect determining parameters, including kernel function and penalty factors, has on prediction results is also discussed. It can be concluded that the SVM will probably become a valid tool to study damage or vulnerability in a shocked raft system.     

Implementing new logistics strategies to qccommodate E-commerce

The objective of this paper is to consider the two types of electronic trading and to review the logistics issues associated with each. The author then endeavours to propose a number of strategies that may be appropriate for managing the logistics operations which will be required to deliver the goods to customers whether they are other businesses or end consumers. For China this discussion is very appropriate as the country moves to setting up distribution channels to     

Detecting damage to offshore platform structures using the time-domain data

A new method that uses time-domain response data under random loading is proposed for detecting damage to the structural elements of offshore platforms. In our study, a time series model with a fitting order was first constructed using the time-domain of noise data. A sensitivity matrix consisting of the first differential of the autoregressive coefficients of the time series models with respect to the stiffness of structural elements was then obtained based on time-domain response data. Locations and severity of damage may then be estimated by solving the damage vector whose components express the degrees of damage to the structural elements. A unique aspect of this detection method is that it requires acceleration history data from only one or a few sensors. This makes it feasible for a limited array of sensors to obtain sufficient data. The efficiency and reliability of the proposed method was demonstrated by applying it to a simplified offshore platform with damage to one element. Numerical simulations show that the use of a few sensors＇ acceleration history data, when compared with recorded levels of noise, is capable of detecting damage efficiently. An increase in the number of sensors helps improve the diagnosis success rate.     

Numerical calculation of coupled damage effects on ship subjected to internal blast loading of warhead北大核心CSCD

［Objective］This paper studies the coupled damage effects of a ship's structure due to the internal blast loading of a warhead. ［Methods］Blast tests with cased charge data are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the coupled SPH-FEM approach, and numerical calculations are then performed on real ship compartment scale model tests to analyze the coupled fragmentation and shockwave damage effects of an explosion in a confined cabin.［Results］The results show that the fragments caused by the detonation of the warhead will first cause local damage to the cabin structure. The shockwave will exacerbate the local damage, and blasted openings will further increase the space for the propagation and diffusion of the shockwave inside the chamber, which will in turn cause damage to the adjacent structures. The simple equivalence of the warhead to a bare charge does not give a true picture of the effect of the warhead on the ship's structure, and fragmentation plays a significant role in the detonation of the warhead.［Conclusions］The results of this study show that employing the coupled SPH-FEM numerical method to calculate the coupling damage effects on a ship's structure can accurately reproduce the warhead damage pattern in tests, thereby providing support for the improved assessment of the damage of naval structures under warhead detonation. © 2022 Chinese Journal of Ship Research. All rights reserved.     

通过形状差异修正模式方法进行的损伤识别试验(英文)

An experimental program was undertaken to test the feasibility to detect the occurrence of structural damage using a modified mode shape difference technique. The vibration response of a steel beam fixed at one end and hinged at the other was obtained for the intact and damage conditions. Modal analysis was performed to extract the frequencies and mode shapes. The method shows a good potential in detection of occurrence and location of damage.     

Ultimate strength analysis of composite stiffened panels based on multi-scale approach北大核心CSCD

［Objectives］As composite materials have varied internal structures, an in-depth analysis of the damage mechanisms of their component materials can provide a research foundation for the ultimate strength analysis of composite stiffened panels. ［Methods］The microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic mechanical analyses of marine glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composite stiffened panels are carried out using a multi-scale approach. Microscopic and mesoscopic representative volume element (RVE) models of chopped strand mat (CSM) and woven roving (WR) materials are established, and the macroscopic equivalent stiffness is obtained by homogenizing the RVE models. The ABAQUS VUMAT subroutine is used to code the progressive damage evolution model of the composite materials to derive the damage evolution mechanism of the microscopic and mesoscopic models respectively. The equivalent strength of macroscopic laminates is also obtained. ［Results］The multi-scale approach can be used to accurately evaluate the macroscopic mechanical properties of composite materials, and the ultimate strength of composite stiffened panels is mainly determined by fiber bundle failure. ［Conclusions］The obtained macroscopic material parameters can be used to calculate the ultimate strength of composite stiffened panels, while the parametric study of the mesomechanics of composite materials can provide an analysis tool for investigating the influence of material processing technology. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Ship Research. All rights reserved.     

AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT ON CHINA''''S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BY ITS ENTRY INTO THE WTO!ITS MTRY INTO

Fifteen years has elapsed since China first put forward its application for the membership of GATT in 1986.For, these fifteen years, great changes have taken place either with regard to World economy and political environment or to the economic development level, the economic system and the degree of openness of China. These have fundamentally changed the opinios of major WTO members concerning China and their basic negotiation standpoint. For fifteen years, China has spared no efforts in trying to enter the WTO and relative organizations have     

基于势流的水下滑翔机的飞行模拟器(英文)

Underwater gliders are recent innovative types of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) used in ocean exploration and observation. They adjust their buoyancy to dive and to return to the ocean surface. During the change of altitude, they use the hydrodynamic forces developed by their wings to move forward. Their flights are controlled by changing the position of their centers of gravity and their buoyancy to adjust their trim and heel angles. For better flight control, the understanding of the hydrodynamic behavior and the flight mechanics of the underwater glider is necessary. A 6-DOF motion simulator is coupled with an unsteady potential flow model for this purpose. In some specific cases, the numerical study demonstrates that an inappropriate stabilizer dimension can cause counter-steering behavior. The simulator can be used to improve the automatic flight control. It can also be used for the hydrodynamic design optimization of the devices.     

BENEFITS OFFERED BY WTO AND TRADING SYSTEM

From the money in our pockets and the goods and services that we use, to a more peaceful world-the WTO and the trading system offer a range of benefits, some well-known, others not so obvious.     

中国视窗

LEGISLATION IN CHINA Certificate management to be adopted for shipping company's safety and pol-lution-prevention management China's MOC takes charge of safety and pollution-prevention work of the country's shipping companies,and China MSA super-vises and controls their safety and pollution-prevention performances.After auditing,China MSA or its designated maritime management bodies will issue     

Shipping News

Cargo volume in Pearl River Delta/HK trade going up Inland tranship goods transported between HK and the Pearl River Delta region in 1995 was 28.7m tons,accounting for 18% of the total throughput of HK. The container cargo shipped by lighter from the ports of the Pearl River Delta to HK in 1995 was 1.3m TEUs, 44% up from the year ealier. While over the first four months of this year ,the container tranship goods increased by 35% over the last same period. Now the ports of the Delta are planning to upgrade some facilities to meet the need for the growing containers.     

Fatigue analysis of the bow structure of FPSO

The bow structure of FPSO moored by the single mooting system is rather complicated. There are many potential hot spots in connection parts of structures between the mooting support frame and the forecastle. Mooting forces, which are induced by wave excitation and transferred by the YOKE and the mooting support frame, may cause fatigue damage to the bow structure. Different from direct wave-induced-forces, the mooting force consists of wave frequency force (WF) and 2nd draft low frequency force (LF) , which are represented by two sets of short-term distribution respectively. Based on two sets of short-term distribution of mooting forces obtained by the model test, the fatigue damage of the bow structure of FPSO is analyzed, with emphasis on two points. One is the procedure and position selection for fatigue check, and the other is the application of new formulae for the calculation of accumulative fatigue damage caused by two sets of short-term distribution of hot spot stress range. From the results distinguished features of fatigue damage to the FPSOs bow structure can be observed.     

Design and research on a variable ballast system for deep-sea manned submersibles

Variable ballast systems are necessary for manned submersibles to adjust their buoyancy.In this paper,the design of a variable ballast system for a manned submersible is described.The variable ballast system uses a super high pressure hydraulic seawater system.A super high pressure seawater pump and a deep-sea brushless DC motor are used to pump seawater into or from the variable ballast tank,increasing or decreasing the weight of the manned submersible.A magnetostrictive linear displacement transducer can detect the seawater level in the variable ballast tank.Some seawater valves are used to control pumping direction and control on-off states.The design and testing procedure for the valves is described.Finally,the future development of variable ballast systems and seawater hydraulic systems is projected.     

Design and research on a variable ballast system for deep-sea manned submersibles

Variable ballast systems are necessary for manned submersibles to adjust their buoyancy. In this paper, the design of a variable ballast system for a manned submersible is described. The variable ballast system uses a super high pressure hydraulic seawater system. A super high pressure seawater pump and a deep-sea brushless DC motor are used to pump seawater into or from the variable ballast tank, increasing or decreasing the weight of the manned submersible. A magnetostrictive linear displacement transducer can detect the seawater level in the variable ballast tank. Some seawater valves are used to control pumping direction and control on-off states. The design and testing procedure for the valves is described. Finally, the future development of variable ballast systems and seawater hydraulic systems is projected.     

Clash of titans in Express Transport

So-called integrators are a new breed in the international freight transportation industry. Express carriers used to take small packages and envelopes fastest from one customer to another. The transport of documents are giving way to electronic data transfer, but the key essence of the express business, moving goods from door to door fastest     

17000载重吨油船结构疲劳分析的快速估算方法(英文)

Fatigue cracks and fatigue damage have been important issues for ships and offshore structures for a long time.However,in the last decade,with the introduction of higher tensile steel in hull structures and increasingly large ship dimensions,the greater attention should be paid to fatigue problems.Most research focuses on how to more easily access the fatigue strength of ships.Also,the major classification societies have already released their fatigue assessment notes.However,due to the complexity of factors influencing fatigue performances,such as wave load and pressure from cargo,the combination of different stress components,stress on concentration of local structure details,means stress,and the corrosive environments,there are different specifications with varying classification societies,leading to the different results from different fatigue assessment methods.This paper established the Det Norske Veritas(DNV) classification notes "fatigue assessment of ship structures" that explains the process of fatigue assessment and simplified methods.Finally,a fatigue analysis was performed by use data of a real ship and the reliability of the result was assessed.