The study on maritime transport along the southern coast of Thailand on the Gulf of Thailand: a summary

This paper examines the potential of developing coastal ports and channels along the Southern coast on the Gulf of Thailand. There were 18 channels included in the study area, ranging from Ban Don Channel to Pattani Channel. The study approach was based on the analysis of the data on cargo movement to and from the study area by coastal shipping and truck, in terms of quantity and types of cargo. The study found that there are three potential areas to be developed for coastal shipping in Thailand (along the southern part on the Gulf of Thailand), namely Songkhla (Songkhla channel), Surat Thani (Ban Don and/or Ta Thong) and Nakhon Sri Thammarat (Sichon and/or Pak Phanang). This paper, however, suggests that further study on the technical part for support of the precise channels to be developed is needed.     

Cost analysis of bulk cargo containerization

ABSTRACT

Bulk cargo containerization (BCC) involves changes in the transportation mode of container shipping for cargo that uses bulk carriers without packing. This topic has recently attracted considerable attention as an alternative transportation method for container cargo. BCC is advantageous because it can address imbalances in the amount of cargo conveyed between the main and back hauls, thereby improving efficiency. A previous survey among companies involved in cargo shipping revealed that in addition to ocean freight, vanning and devanning, and customs clearance costs, consignees’ decisions were the key factor in selecting transport modes. The present study aims to clarify the cost competitiveness of container shipping and identify cost reductions that may increase the use of BCC. To quantitatively check the results of the survey employed in this study, we constructed a model based on consignees’ and container shipping companies’ costs to determine the choice of transport mode for back-haul trade, then examined the incentives for consignees and shipping companies. We found that BCC can be realized by cost reduction on the part of the consignee and profit improvement on the part of the container shipping company for some routes and goods. Although reducing the freight rate would effectively promote BCC, reducing other costs would not have the same effect.     

平潭海峡大桥船舶交通管理系统管理程度研究

平潭海峡是中小型船舶东北季风盛行季节北上的黄金水道。近年来随着国民经济的快速增长,沿海航运业得到迅猛发展,海峡船舶密度明显增大。平潭海峡大桥位于平潭海峡中部,桥区通航孔附近每小时最大交通量为17艘,出现船舶追越局面的可能性较大。海峡碍航物多,水流复杂,且小型船舶违规、违章航行现象较普遍,存在一定的安全隐患。定量分析桥区船舶交通危险,进行科学的船舶交通管理系统成本与效益分析,恰当划分与确定船舶交管系统等级,使系统的建设规模符合当地船舶交通的实际需要,力求取得较好的社会效益和经济效益。     

Maritime economics in a Post-Expansion Panama Canal Era

Government recently introduced the Transport Law Reform Bill, which if passed by Parliament, will allow foreign vessels to uplift and discharge cargoes and passengers along the coast of New Zealand. Coastal shipping is part of the domestic transport industry, which has benefitted from deregulation and considerable restructuring over the last decade. This paper provides a brief review of the coastal shipping industry in New Zealand and an overview of international cabotage laws. An alternative open coast shipping policy proposed by the New Zealand Shipping Federation, which is based on ‘level playing fields’ principles, is presented. The scope of cost benefit analysis is outlined and the potential costs and the potential costs and benefits of the Government's open coast shipping policy are summarized. Despite the potential costs to New Zealand of an open coast policy appearing to be considerably greater than the potential benefits. Government officials have not undertaken an empirical cost benefit analysis. The paperr concludes that hte clauses of the Transport Law Reform Bill relating to an open coast policy should be withdrawn and a full empirical cost benefit analysis should be undertaken to determine the best coastal shipping policy for New Zealand.     

Coastal Management Using Public Judgments,Importance Scales,and Predetermined Schedule

A predetermined schedule of sanctions and regulations that reflect both scientific knowledge of resources and the preference and judgments of resource users in the community may provide a useful guide for management decisions involving complex coastal resource systems. Such a schedule can be implemented by constructing scales reflecting public judgments of the relative importance of adverse impacts on resources, or of activities causing such impacts. The importance scales can then be used to assess existing regulations and current management priorities and to serve as a guide for revisions and changes to current practice, for the design of new policy, for rationalizing regulatory controls, and for determining damage awards and other deterrence sanctions. The resulting evolution of a schedule can improve the consistency of resource use with community preferences by, for example, prescribing more severe restrictions on what are widely agreed to be more serious harms and lesser controls on less important ones. The application of this approach is demonstrated using Ban Don Bay, Thailand.     

沿海干散货运输市场预测及建议

通过数据详尽分析2009年沿海干散货运输市场的水运形势,同时根据电力行业、钢铁行业的发展对未来2-3年中国煤炭需求、金属矿石需求和干散货运输市场进行预测,建议重视集疏运系统建设,签订长期协议,提高合同兑现率。     

沿海干散货船的船价影响因素及概率统计分析

由于船舶的投资额很大,所以航运企业在做投资决策之前对船价的影响因素做系统的分析,并对其进行准确的估计,对航运企业来说是至关重要的。本文分析了近几年沿海干散货船舶市场的影响因素,并运用概率统计的方法给出了近期船价的概率分布模型。     

Detecting and Managing Coastal Fisheries and Aquaculture Gear Using Satellite Radar Imagery

Fishing and shellfish aquaculture are important sources of income for coastal communities in Thailand and other parts of tropical Asia, but environmental impacts associated with these small-scale activities can effect water quality, nearshore habitats, and fish populations. The management of coastal fisheries and aquaculture has, therefore, become a major concern for government fisheries officials who are searching for cost effective measures to improve the regulation of these sectors. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from the RADARSAT-1 satellite were acquired to determine if stationary fishing and aquaculture gears within a coastal study site in the Upper Gulf of Thailand could be identified, and if automatic signature separation of gear types was possible. The use of SAR imagery for a coastal monitoring application was also evaluated and the potential of this technology to improve resource management outcomes considered.     

Air pollution impact of maritime shipping operations in the port of Houston

Abstract

Major air pollutants from maritime shipping operations are sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter emissions from combustion of fuel oil during cruise, berth, and start‐up modes. Sulfur oxides emissions are substantial from steamships burning high‐sulfur residual fuel oil, where shipping contributes 66 percent of the total sulfur dioxide emissions from transportation sources, and almost 3 percent of the total for Harris county, Texas. Nitrogen oxides emissions are significant during cruise conditions for both steamships and motor ships, while particulate emissions are substantial during start‐up and tube cleaning.

Significant marine air pollutant emission sources are found in busy harbor areas such as the Houston Ship Channel. Offshore terminals for unloading large tankers may result in emissions of 10 to 20 tons of sulfur oxides daily per ship, and 3 to 5 tons of nitrogen oxides daily per ship during pumping operations. Trace‐metal constituents present in the oil may catalyze sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide oxidation to their respective sulfate and nitrate aerosols in the humid Texas Gulf Coast atmospheres to aggravate photochemical air pollution problems once the air masses reach industrial and populated urban areas on land. Onshore sulfur dioxide and particulate‐matter emission controls may be necessary for some large ships in port to minimize potential impact on coastal zone air quality.     

我国北方国际航运中心的定位与发展研究

基于我国北方建设国际航运中心的思路,对传统的航运中心的概念进行了分析,并依托于对大连港各方面竞争优劣势的剖析,提出了环渤海湾乃至我国北方地区国际航运中心的新的定义,并对该地区国际航运中心的建设与发展提出了战略性发展的策略研究。     

丹东地区及港口船舶防污问题探讨

随着丹东地区经济的快速发展,丹东地区渔船、游船、货船的船舶数量也随着增加,而船舶污染也随之严重起来。报告了丹东港口船舶污染问题的现状,对船舶不正当排放的污染源及船舶污染的特点进行调查,最后对船舶污染的治理提出建议。     

FFA在航运市场风险管理中的应用

随着国际干散货贸易的繁荣和运价波动性的加大,在过去几年里FFA市场也得到较大发展。分析国际干散货航运市场的不确定性,介绍远期运费协议(FFA)的含义及其在国际干散货航运市场中的发展情况,探讨FFA风险管理的作用,最后,面对航运市场较大的波动性,提出中国船东和租家必须学会利用FFA这一新的工具进行风险管理的建议。     

Shipping line networks and the integration of South America trades

One recent transformation of liner shipping is the entry of leading carriers into north-south markets. This paper aims to test the commonly held proposition that global shipping lines entered north-south markets to feed more cargo on their established east-west services. This proposition arises out of: (1) predominant models of transport networks evolution which emphasize the influence of hubs, and (2) lines' strategy of commissioning larger vessels for east-west routes. In this perspective, the expansion of networks to southern economies serves specifically to bring more cargo on main routes to ensure volumes are sufficient to generate the desired economies of scale. This paper analyses the changing configurations of South American services. Results show that by 1999 leading shipping lines were offering direct services to all major trade ranges from the region, and numerous US loops were added to the already established European and Asian services. These new services involved multiple ports in the US; running in parallel with east-west services over a large part of the American coasts. The paper concludes that global shipping lines entered the South American market by setting up services typically configured to serve trades between North and South America; not to feed established main routes.     

Enhancing the competitiveness of Korea’s container shipping industry through structural improvements

ABSTRACT

After the collapse of Hanjin Shipping in 2016, Korea faced the task of reconstructing its container shipping industry by enhancing the competitiveness of its shipping companies in a rapidly evolving market environment. Responding to this need for policy design, this study first attempts to understand the industry based on the shipping ecosystem, which comprises the following four areas: shipping finance, collection of cargo, acquisition of ships, and partnership among carriers. Second, it lists the structural problems, along with the remedial policy alternatives, that were identified after conducting in-depth interviews with industry experts, which included mid-level managers. Third, it conducts an importance-performance analysis to classify problems according to their importance and performance, followed by an analytic hierarchy process analysis to define the priorities of policy alternatives. Finally, drawing on the empirical results, the paper concludes with suggestions on an integrated policy package for the container shipping industry.     

油船甲板区货油集管的设计及注意要点

针对船舶建造和货油集管设计过程中遇到的实际问题,提出货油集管的设计要求及注意要点。根据油船的实际运皆胯况,对常配通岸异径短管和备用异径短管的接管方式进行了优化。     

台湾海峡冬季大风浪时的航法探讨技

台湾海峡是我国南北海运的必经之道,台湾岛是我国东南沿海各港口通往太平洋各国的重要驿站,实现两岸直接“三通”,将有力地推动海峡两岸的海运事业的发展,推进两岸经济的共同繁荣。为确保航行安全,根据实践经验,提出几条在大风浪条件下主要直航航线的航法及注意事项。     

钢材在海上运输过程中发生货损的因素分析

以保证海上货物运输安全为目的,针对钢材在海上运输中的特殊性,阐述了钢材发生货损的原因,并提出了防止或减少货运事故的措施;最后分别从货物因素、环境因素、船舶因素和人为因素等4个方面对钢材在海上运输中发生货损的原因进行了分析,旨在总结钢材在运输中产生货损的规律,以期提高海上货运质量。     

亚丁湾水域交通特征分析及防海盗策略研究

亚丁湾是船只快捷往来于地中海和印度洋的必经之地,是世界上公认的黄金水道,是各国贸易和能源运输的重要航线,过往商船很多.根据航海图书资料和护航期间的观测,阐述了亚丁湾水域的自然环境条件.根据采集到的航经亚丁湾水域船舶的船载AIS信息,归结亚丁湾水域的交通规律,得出航经亚丁湾水域的船舶体现了大型化、专业化的特征.根据索马里海盗活动的情况,分析亚丁湾及附近水域海盗活动的特点和疑似海盗小艇的特征.针对航经亚丁湾水域的船舶情况,提出了船舶防海盗的策略.在实际的护航工作应用中,该策略措施对船舶防海盗和保证船舶安全通过亚丁湾水域发挥了积极的作用.     

基于流程再造的航运揽货流程及开发

从业务处理的现状出发,提出航运企业业务流程再造,以航运揽货业务流程为例,系统分析航运揽货业务流程及流程再造的基本思路,对流程进行优化;结合航运企业信息化的实现过程,采用面向对象的方法对优化后的航运揽货业务流程进行设计与实现.     

船舶进出港规则对沿海进口散货港区航道通过能力的影响*

沿海散货船舶大型化,对配套的航道条件提出更高的要求,合理的船舶进出港规则对发挥航道通过能力起到重要的作用。利用计算机仿真技术,通过构建沿海进口散货港区船舶航行作业系统仿真模型,研究先来先服务规则、大船优先服务规则和船舶成簇进出港规则对航道通过能力的影响。结果表明:3种规则下,航道通过能力与服务水平均呈指数分布关系;先来先服务规则和大船优先服务规则对航道通过能力的影响基本相同;而对于港口规模大、航道通航历时长的港区成簇进出港规则要比前两种规则对应的航道通过能力高。