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海事多年来一直是航运界最感头痛的问题,虽然各企业也采取了一系列措施,但事故依然接连不断,严重影响着企业的经济效益。本文就从造成海事的过失行为进行探讨,分析原因,提出如何避免过失行为,减少海损事故,具有一定的指导意义,供大家参考。 相似文献
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宋家慧 《中国远洋航务公告》1998,(7)
一、当前防止船舶发生碰撞形势严峻 根据中国海上搜救中心统计,95、96、97三年中我国共发生上报海事总数639起,其中碰撞类海损事故286起,占海事总数44.8%,而雾中发生碰撞49起,占碰撞事故17.1%。这三年间共发生雾航海损事故58起,碰撞事故49起,占雾航海损事故84.5%。 三年来发生在我国沿海水域的事故总数呈持平或下降趋势,但碰撞海事占发生海事总数的比例仍呈上升趋势。此外,据交通部长江港监统计95、96、97三年长江干线共发生船舶事故1,281起,其中碰撞事故729起,占事故总数56.0%。平均 相似文献
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文中针对修船浮船坞作业存在的污染水域风险,在综合分析评判两起海损事故船浮船坞作业防污染措施得与失的基础上,分析原因、总结经验、寻找依据,提出了相应的管理对策措施和建议。 相似文献
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船舶运输安全,是一个只有开始没有终结的永恒话题。纵观海事海损个案,可谓触目惊心、五花八门,乃至于匪夷所思、离奇离谱。海事发生后,几乎所有的人都在考问:为什么会这样?这起海损本不该发生的!依笔者航海多年的实践,就船舶运输安全的风险源的控制提出“人为因素、船舶因素、环境因素、管理因素与船舶运输安全”四点立论,并以人为因素为首要论点分解论述,以期抛砖引玉,与专家、同行们切磋交流。 相似文献
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船舶搁浅事故造成的经济损失和海洋环境污染是台湾海峡水域主要危害之一.为减少搁浅事故的发生,使台湾海峡水域的船舶航行更安全、海洋环境更清洁,以台湾海峡水域搁浅事故为例,在统计分析船舶搁浅事故特征的基础上,选用方差分析法对搁浅事故因素相关性和差异性进行了系统的分析.提出了台湾海峡水域搁浅事故中人为因素所占比例最高,水深不足... 相似文献
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The Strait of Istanbul is one of the most dangerous and busiest sea passages, according to its narrowness, sharp turns, currents, heavy traffic and many other important factors. Despite the latest precautions, marine incidents still occur, especially in narrow seaways. This study shows that a management tool that is specifically applied for reducing marine casualties and consequently enhancement of safety and ship management performance can be used to prevent accidents and casualties in maritime transportation. In this study, factors which affect marine casualties examined and determined with SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis method and weighting of the factors determined by using the AHP (analytic hierarchy process) method. With this approach, strategic action plans were developed for minimizing shipping casualties at the Strait of Istanbul, taking into account the weighting factors and previously happened accidents. 相似文献
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The increase in the world's trading capacity, which has been spurred by globalization, has caused problems in marine transportation, namely congestion. Despite the safety measures currently in place, marine accidents are still not being prevented. This study focuses on marine accidents in the Turkish Straits that have done serious harm to humans, the natural environment, and the economy. To reduce the negative impacts mentioned above, this study considered the most common types of accidents, their causes, and their results. For this purpose, 850 serious marine accidents, which took place in the Turkish Straits between the years of 2001 and 2010 (as recorded by the Undersecretaries for Maritime Affairs), have been analyzed and the data obtained have been systematically tabulated using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology. According to the data, the most significant cause of marine accidents in the Turkish Straits is human error. This study proposes measures to ensure that ship personnel are competent, mentally and physically, to navigate narrow and dangerous waterways in order to minimize the amount of accidents caused by human error. 相似文献
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海上船舶碰撞事故原因探讨——侥幸心理的剖析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
引起事故的原因有很多,如设备的因素、环境的因素、人的因素等,其中人的因素除了生理因素,还有心理因素,而心理因素则往往是造成事故的主要原因.人的行为是受其心理状态支配的,事故发生前人的心理状态是复杂多样的,其中侥幸心理侥幸心理是引发事故的普遍原因.通过几起典型的船舶碰撞事故案例,对船舶驾驶人员的侥幸心理进行了剖析,引导人们要培育积极的心理状态,以减少人为差错而导致的船舶碰撞事故. 相似文献
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水域交通危险度的模糊综合评判法 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
长期的事故统计数据,是交通环境、水域特征、航道特点、水文气象等各种因素的综合反映,而这些因素正是评判水域交通危险度的主要指标。而且,利用事故统计数据得到的评价结果也包含了操船者在这一水域的行为因素。为此,本文提出基于事故统计数据的水域交通危险度的多层次模糊综合评判法,并给出评判模型及评判实例。 相似文献
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The comprehensive analysis presented in this paper investigates the links and comparative assets between human factor and
other factors that are important determinants of maritime transport risk. In this outline, the identification of factors,
such as age and ship size, that can be statistically linked (i.e. statistical significance) to whether an accident in a passenger
vessel can be attributed to human factor or other causes is addressed accordingly. This way, the role of human factor in relation
to safety of Greek coastal shipping is revealed and the spotlight is able to focus on the various aspects and points that
manifest the importance of human element in the maritime industry. The risk assessment of the transportation with Greek passenger
ships is being used in order for the safety level of Greek coastal shipping to be adequately estimated. Moreover, the comparison
between the values of risk for accidents caused by human factor and those attributed to other causes is an established way
to bring to the fore the unbroken relationship between the human factor and marine accidents’ consequences. The paper is concluded
with interesting insights and comments drafted through the aforementioned tasks. 相似文献
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海上商船和渔船碰撞的事故时有发生,造成巨大的经济损失和社会影响,引发事故的原因众多。文中通过对海上渔船特点、作业方式的分析,探讨海上商船避让渔船的方法,并给出海上商船避让渔船的建议。 相似文献
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人为失误与海上事故发生的机理分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
席永涛 《交通部上海船舶运输科学研究所学报》2006,29(1):56-60
海上事故的发生与航海人员在完成航行任务和处理海上风险过程中的能力有非常密切的关系。保障此过程中的行为能有效地完成成为关键,而航海人员完成任务的能力又直接受到人为失误的影响,也就是说,人为失误的发生直接降低了人的处理能力,使航行任务归于失败。现从行为学的观点对人为失误的发生进行了初步的分析,寻求减少人为失误发生的途径。并从统计学的观点解释了由人为失误引起的海上事故发生的原因。 相似文献
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本文首先对现有船舶机舱的安全现状进行了研究,对已发生的远洋船舶400多个机损案例的故障部件、故障类型、事故原因进行了统计分析,发现主机系统是事故发生率最高的部位,特别是活塞、缸套、气阀、喷油器这些燃烧室周围的部件。在发生事故的原因中,人因失误仍然是主要因素,占全部案例的83.1%。在此基础上,对目前六种典型的船舶推进装置的可靠性进行了分析,从推进装置的系统冗余数、部件数量、部件材料及运行条件等方面,对不同推进装置的可靠性进行了对比,发现目前在远洋船舶中运用最广的单机单桨直接传动装置可靠性最低,而多机多桨间接传动装置、调距桨推进和电力推进装置是适合未来智能船舶可靠的推进型式,特别是电力推进装置将是未来智能船舶的最佳选择。 相似文献