Finite element calculations of rail vibration countermeasures

Elastic waves may constitute a nuisance for people living close to high-speed lines. In order to decrease the spread of vibrations, it is common to reinforce the ground with lime cement columns. This article presents the results of simulations of three different ways to install the columns. The calculations have been done with an integrated rigid body—finite element model. Equations from various physical domains are merged into one big system. The results indicate that the straight configuration works best to protect the track. When attention is focused on preventing vibrations from the soil, the leaning column method is more effective. The chosen technique would depend on the aims of the countermeasure.     

桩体模量对水泥土搅拌桩复合地基破坏影响研究

针对目前水泥土搅拌桩复合地基整体稳定性研究主要基于假定全部桩体发生剪切或者弯曲破坏的不足，采用有限差分法，对不同位置处桩体的受力特性，破坏模式以及复合地基整体破坏过程的开展方向进行研究，在此基础上，分析桩体弹性模量对桩体受力、破坏模式和破坏顺序的影响。结果表明：水泥土搅拌桩复合地基在路堤荷载作用下，会同时发生弯曲与剪切2种破坏模式，并且水泥土搅拌桩受力在空间分布上具有很大的不同；路堤荷载作用下，桩体的破坏具有渐进性，坡肩以外桩体更易发生弯曲破坏，破坏方向由坡脚首先发生，并向路堤中心逐渐延伸，而路堤内侧桩体更容易发生剪切破坏，破坏方向由路堤中心向坡脚延伸；随着桩体弹性模量的增加，桩体会由剪切破坏转变为弯曲破坏；低模量水泥土搅拌桩复合地基会首先发生内部剪切破坏，之后坡脚处发生弯曲破坏；高模量水泥土搅拌桩复合地基会先于坡脚处发生弯曲破坏，随后在路堤中心发生剪切破坏；桩体弹性模量的提高会增加桩体抗弯刚度，使其承担更大的弯矩，更容易发生弯曲破坏。     

悬索桥吊索高阶涡激振动及摆锤式MTMD减振技术研究

为了解大跨度悬索桥吊索出现的大幅高频振动现象,并进行减振,以国内某主跨1688 m的悬索桥为背景(最长吊索长184.6 m),基于理论方法和施工期吊索大幅高频振动实测结果,分析吊索的振动类型及参数(频率、阻尼比);提出一种摆锤式多重调谐质量阻尼器(MTMD,其由一定形状的锤头提供质量参数,由钢绞线提供刚度及阻尼参数),采用有限元和室内试验的方法,分析其振动特性,并进行实桥验证。结果表明:该桥吊索振动频率范围为5~25 Hz,阻尼比低,单个吊点的多根吊索易发生同相位的高阶涡激振动;摆锤式MTMD单个锤头具有2个控制主频,自身阻尼比约10%,具有位移放大作用,对高频振动的响应灵敏,在很宽的频率范围内具有很好的减振性能;摆锤式MTMD可有效增加吊索自身阻尼比,控制吊索高阶涡激振动,实测减振效果达到90%以上,具有很好的实用性。     

结构—尾流振子耦合模型参数识别及桥梁涡激振动预测

为准确预测桥梁涡激振动特征,基于结构尾流振子耦合模型涡激振动预测方法,分析其动力方程及近似解,针对目前结构—尾流振子耦合模型中较难确定的模型参数(质量参数M、流场“stall”效应参数y、结构对尾流作用的耦合项参数A和范德珀尔参数ε),提出了基于涡激振动风速～振幅曲线的模型参数识别方法.开展某主梁节段模型风洞试验,依据...     

不同配箍率和钢纤维掺量UHPC柱抗震性能试验

为明确超高性能混凝土（Ultra-high Performance Concrete,UHPC）柱中配箍率和钢纤维掺量对抗震性能的影响,对不同配箍率（0%、0.25%和0.5%）与钢纤维体积掺量（0%、1%和2%）的5根超高性能混凝土足尺柱试件进行了抗震性能试验研究,分析了配箍率和钢纤维掺量对超高性能混凝土柱耗能能力、自复位能力、强度退化性能、刚度退化性能以及弯矩曲率关系的影响规律。基于对超高性能混凝土柱构件性能、箍筋应变以及等效侧向约束力的分析,提出钢纤维体积掺量与配箍率的等效计算公式。研究结果表明：①配箍率对正截面破坏超高性能混凝土柱的延性、耗能能力以及自复位能力均有影响,当配箍率从0%提高到0.5%时,柱试件的延性系数提高15%,耗能能力提高55%,自复位能力提高32%;②钢纤维体积掺量对超高性能混凝土柱破坏形态的影响显著,随着钢纤维体积掺量的增加,混凝土的压碎剥落现象得到明显改善,延缓了受压钢筋屈曲现象的发生,从而提高了柱的延性,当钢纤维体积掺量从0%提高到2%时,柱试件的延性系数提高45%,耗能能力提高142%,自复位能力提高42%;③对于正截面破坏的受压构件而言,采用钢纤维代替箍筋具有一定的可行性。对于所研究的超高性能混凝土柱而言,2%的钢纤维体积掺量可等效于0.51%的配箍率。     

Simulation of Bending-Torsional-Lateral Vibrations of the Railway Wheelset-Track System in the Medium Frequency Range

In the present paper, the dynamic interaction between a wheelset of a high-speed-train car and a railway track is considered with the help of a discrete-continuous mechanical model. This model enables us to investigate the bending-torsional-axial vibrations of the wheelset coupled with the vertical and lateral vibrations of the track through the wheel-rail contact forces. The results of numerical simulations performed for the wheelset motion both on straight and curved tracks demonstrate qualitative similarities of the corresponding dynamic responses of the system and essential quantitative differences of the respective amplitude and average values. Particularly severe interaction between the wheelset and the track is observed in the form of periodic resonances caused by parametric excitation from the track.     

CFRP配筋超高性能混凝土柱受压性能试验

为明确碳纤维增强复合材料CFRP (Carbon Fiber-reinforced Polymer)配筋超高性能混凝土UHPC (Ultra-high-performance Concrete)柱的受力性能,对不同偏心率(e0/h0=0,0.15,0.3和0.6)下4根CFRP配筋UHPC柱试件进行受压性能试验研究,获...     

Simulation of Bending-Torsional-Lateral Vibrations of the Railway Wheelset-Track System in the Medium Frequency Range

SUMMARY

In the present paper, the dynamic interaction between a wheelset of a high-speed-train car and a railway track is considered with the help of a discrete-continuous mechanical model. This model enables us to investigate the bending-torsional-axial vibrations of the wheelset coupled with the vertical and lateral vibrations of the track through the wheel-rail contact forces. The results of numerical simulations performed for the wheelset motion both on straight and curved tracks demonstrate qualitative similarities of the corresponding dynamic responses of the system and essential quantitative differences of the respective amplitude and average values. Particularly severe interaction between the wheelset and the track is observed in the form of periodic resonances caused by parametric excitation from the track.     

钢筋焊接热对混凝土的影响研究

箍筋焊接加固法为拱上立柱加固的常用方法,但箍筋焊接热可能会对立柱造成损伤.为研究箍筋焊接热可能对立柱造成的损伤,采用ABAQUS软件建立有限元模型,对受焊接热影响的立柱力学性能及破坏规律进行研究.结果表明:箍筋焊接热造成旧立柱局部焊热影响区域混凝土损伤,混凝土弹性模量和抗压强度降低,形成局部薄弱区域;在荷载作用下,薄弱...     

中空夹层钢管混凝土柱力学性能研究

基于给定的核心混凝土和钢材的三轴本构模型,设定构件内、外两层钢管使用相同的钢材,并考虑核心混凝土和钢管变形协调,应用连续介质力学理论,对中空夹层钢管混凝土短柱进行了弹塑性全过程理论分析,建立了中空夹层钢管混凝土短柱组合弹性模量理论计算公式和应力-应变关系全曲线的理论计算模型。该计算模型形式简单,参数少易确定,便于程序化实现,并与文献资料的试验结果进行了比较,结果表明,该模型能较好地反映试验规律以及组合构件材料物理性能的优点,为中空夹层钢管混凝土组合结构进一步研究奠定了基础。     

低配筋UHPC中空短柱轴心受压力学性能

为研究低配筋UHPC中空短柱在轴心受压下的极限承载能力及其影响因素，以UHPC材料特性研究为基础，设计并制作18根不同壁厚、不同箍筋间距的低配筋UHPC中空短柱，开展轴心受压破坏试验研究及理论研究。采用控制变量法对比分析宽厚比、箍筋间距对低配筋UHPC中空短柱的极限荷载、破坏形态、轴向和横向变形的影响。研究结果表明：所有UHPC中空短柱在达到极限承载能力的70%之前，力学性能接近线弹性变化，侧向变形较小，在0.5 mm之内；随着变形的增大，试件出现微小裂缝并伴有钢纤维拔出声，细而密的裂缝显著增多，达到极限荷载时，试件均发出爆裂声；当设计宽厚比分别为5.67和3时，无箍筋UHPC空心短柱的极限承载力为理论计算值的70.88%和87.65%；随着箍筋间距加密，极限承载力有所提高，但加密至一定程度后，承载力不再增长，接近材料强度极限值；采用UHPC塑性损伤本构模型对构件进行数值模拟，分析结果与理论计算和试验结果符合较好，按照直接强度计算法得到的中空短柱极限荷载接近试验值，可供UHPC柱设计提供参考。     

圆钢管混凝土轴压中长柱的承载力

首先应用模型柱法,对钢管混凝土轴压中长柱荷载-变形关系进行全过程分析,得到了钢管混凝土轴压中长柱承载力的数值解法;其次,根据切线模量法推导了钢管混凝土轴压中长柱稳定承载力计算公式;再次,基于模型柱法,探讨了构件长细比、混凝土强度等级、含钢率和钢材屈服强度对钢管混凝土轴压中长柱承载力稳定系数的影响,并在修正切线模量法推导的计算公式的基础上,建立了钢管混凝土轴压中长柱承载力实用计算公式;最后将该公式计算结果与各国216根钢管混凝土轴压中长柱承载力有效试验结果进行了对比。结果表明:该承载力计算公式所得结果与试验结果吻合较好,且偏于安全。     

Carbody elastic vibrations of high-speed vehicles caused by bogie hunting instability

In particular locations of the high-speed track, the worn wheel profile matched up with the worn rail profile will lead to an extremely high-conicity wheel–rail contact. Consequently, the bogie hunting instability arises, which further results in the so-called carbody shaking phenomenon. In this paper, the carbody elastic vibrations of a high-speed vehicle in service are firstly introduced. Modal tests are conducted to identity the elastic modes of the carbody. The ride comfort and running safety indices for the tested vehicle are evaluated. The rigid–flexible coupling dynamic model for the high-speed passenger car is then developed by using the FE and MBS coupling approach. The rail profiles in those particular locations are measured and further integrated into the simulation model to reproduce the bogie hunting and carbody elastic vibrations. The effects of wheel and rail wear on the vehicle system response, e.g. wheelset bifurcation graph and carbody vibrations, are studied. Two improvement measures, including the wheel profile modification and rail grinding, are proposed to provide possible solutions. It is found that the wheel–rail contact conicity can be lowered by decreasing wheel flange thickness or grinding rail corner, which is expected to improve the bogie hunting stability under worn rail and worn wheel conditions. The carbody elastic vibrations caused by bogie hunting instability can be further restrained.     

低重心斜拉桥边跨墩柱横向抗震措施研究

针对低重心斜拉桥边跨墩柱的横向抗震问题,以某在建低重心斜拉桥为背景,进行边跨墩柱横向抗震措施研究。该桥主桥为(45+80+285+80+45)m双塔双索面混凝土斜拉桥,边跨墩柱高度仅为11 m。采用SAP2000建立全桥有限元模型,输入地震动,通过抗弯能力需求比R M评估桥梁的抗震性能,提出改变墩柱截面形式与采用防屈曲支撑构件(BRB)等8种抗震措施,并对比分析各措施墩柱关键截面的R M。结果表明:在地震作用下,设置横向固定支座的边跨墩柱墩底截面弯矩较大、R M均小于1,是低重心斜拉桥横向抗震的薄弱环节;8种抗震措施墩柱关键截面的R M均大于1,各措施均可改善边跨墩柱的横向抗震性能,措施Ⅱ-6(将边跨墩柱改为双肢截面,并在双肢间设置BRB)为该桥最优措施。     

钢管混凝土哑铃型短柱极限承载力的等效单圆管算法

哑铃型截面是钢管混凝土拱肋常用的截面形式。本文根据钢管混凝土哑铃型柱轴压与偏压试验,提出了将哑铃型截面等效成单圆管钢管混凝土截面,然后应用钢管混凝土结构设计规程进行极限承载力计算的等效单圆管法。对试件的计算表明,计算值与实验值吻合良好。这个方法概念清晰、计算简单,可供工程应用参考。     

路面特性对车辆振动影响规律研究

对软路面上车辆的扭转、垂直和纵向振动进行了研究,首先对振动车辆进行单因素(路面不平度、胎压、路面抗压强度和牵引负荷)分析,找出对车辆振动影响显著的因素及影响规律,在此基础上对影响振动的多因素进行正交试验,分析交互作用对车辆振动的影响规律。同时,对不同路面条件下振动进行研究分析。随着路面波形频率、路面抗压能力、轮胎气压和牵引负荷的增加,车辆扭转、垂直和纵向振动增加。对于垂直振动、扭振和纵向振动,其主要影响因素各不相同。     

环向预应力钢绞线加固RC拱肋力学性能试验

通过RC方柱偏压试验和RC拱肋面内受力全过程试验,对环向预应力钢绞线（LPSW）加固拱桥方法进行研究。对相对偏心距分别为0,0.25,0.5的3类RC方柱进行偏心受压试验,偏心试验表明：RC方柱加固后,预应力钢绞线先于箍筋约束混凝土,有效抑制了混凝土裂缝的纵向开展,预应力钢绞线及箍筋之间具有良好的变形协调性;LPSW加固柱承载力提高了3%～34%,LPSW加固技术适合于小偏心受压结构,偏心距越小,增强效果越明显。在偏压试验基础上,拓展了LPSW加固RC拱肋的模型试验,对LPSW加固模型拱荷载-挠度曲线、截面应变和结构破坏模式等方面进行分析。拱肋试验表明：LPSW拱肋受力过程和破坏模式与RC拱肋相似,分为弹性阶段、裂缝开展阶段和钢筋屈服阶段,最终因出现5个塑性铰形成机构而呈塑性破坏。由于环向预应力钢绞线约束,使RC拱肋提前处于3向受压应力状态,横向膨胀受到约束,避免拱肋出现拉应力,加固拱肋的初裂荷载、钢筋屈服荷载和极限荷载为未加固拱的2倍、1.6倍和1.47倍。基于偏压柱及拱肋试验结果,利用弹塑性失稳理论的等效梁柱法,建立LPSW加固拱肋极限承载力的计算公式,计算值与试验值吻合较好,且偏于安全,可用于评估实际加固拱桥的承载能力。     

水中悬浮隧道锚索的非线性涡激振动研究

建立了水中悬浮隧道锚索在波流场中涡激振动的非线性数学模型,考虑了锚索的几何非线性对其涡激振动的影响,并应用有限差分法求解了锚索的运动控制方程。计算结果表明:锚索在顺流向和横向2个方向运动的耦合作用特别是几何非线性作用的引入,抑制了部分高阶模态的激发,使锚索横向涡激振动的振幅减小,顺流向振动的振幅增大;在悬浮隧道的振动引起的强迫激励和参数激励作用下,锚索顺流向涡激振动振幅显著增大,横向涡激振动出现"拍"的现象。     

Rotational vibration absorber for the mitigation of rail rutting corrugation

Torsional vibrations of metro wheel sets are known to be involved in the wavelength-fixing mechanism of the rutting-type rail corrugation. In the first part of this paper, the basic conditions for this type of wear to appear are established using a theory developed in the frequency domain. The efficiency of a dynamic vibration absorber tuned to the first torsional resonance of the wheel set to mitigate rutting corrugation is evaluated numerically. In the second part, the phenomenon is studied on a quarter-scale test bench. The scaling laws for wheel–roller wear predictions are established. The efficiency of the dynamic vibration absorber is evaluated on the scaled bench. The results are compared with theoretical predictions from a linear model. Additionally, the measurements are compared with numerical results from a multi-body model portraying the experiment.     

大跨连拱拱桥动力特性及地震反应分析

结合一座大跨连拱拱桥工程设计实例,采用sap2000程序建立了该桥空间有限元计算模型,分析了该桥的动力特性特点,采用反应谱法和时程分析法对该桥进行了地震反应分析.结果表明:由于各拱拱上立柱高度相差太大,使得各个立柱分担的上部结构的地震惯性力非常不均衡,拱顶附近的立柱由于高度较低、刚度较大,使得其承受较多的上部结构的地震惯性力,成为整个结构的抗震薄弱部位之一.