Lateral Vibration of Railway Bridge-Vehicle System Caused by Track Irregularities

The lateral vibration of the bridge-vehicle system caused by track irregularities is investigated in this paper by means of frequency spectral analysis method. A railway cable-stayed bridge is taken as the model to study, on which a theoretical analysis is made to compare with the practical results measured. The method proves to be feasible. Then it is applied to studying the interaction between a long-span railway cable-stayed bridge and a freight car as well as the effect of track irregularities on the dynamic characteristics of the bridge-vehicle system, thus leading to a couple of conclusions of considerable significance.     

Lateral Vibration of Railway Bridge-Vehicle System Caused by Track Irregularities

The lateral vibration of the bridge-vehicle system caused by track irregularities is investigated in this paper by means of frequency spectral analysis method. A railway cable-stayed bridge is taken as the model to study, on which a theoretical analysis is made to compare with the practical results measured. The method proves to be feasible. Then it is applied to studying the interaction between a long-span railway cable-stayed bridge and a freight car as well as the effect of track irregularities on the dynamic characteristics of the bridge-vehicle system, thus leading to a couple of conclusions of considerable significance.     

A structural articulation method for assessing railway bridges subject to dynamic impact loading from track irregularities

This paper discusses the importance of track irregularities in railway bridge design, and presents a new technique for calculating the dynamic impact load induced by such irregularities: the structural articulation method. The properties of the combined bridge-suspension system are coupled through global mass, stiffness, and damping matrices. Under the proposed method, the true suspension system over a particular point on the bridge girder at time t is divided into equivalent suspension systems attributed to adjacent finite-element nodes of the bridge. The time-dependent effects of a moving mass are thereby included in the equation of motion.     

Stochastic vibration of the vehicle–bridge system subject to non-uniform ground motions

A study of a train moving along a cable-stayed bridge is performed by considering both the stationary track irregularity and a non-stationary earthquake. A detailed bridge model with 3972 degrees of freedom is established while the train model consists of two locomotives and eight carriages. The equations of motion of the coupled system are obtained by using the displacement continuous condition at the contact, with track irregularities. The earthquake is assumed to occur once the train has entered the bridge. The pseudo-excitation method is used to find the random responses of the coupled system, and the results indicate that the effect of the earthquake is much greater than that of the track irregularities. The paper discusses the influence of the intensity of the earthquake, the wave propagation velocity, the speed of the train, and the dynamic interaction between the vehicles and the bridge.     

Frequency Spectral Analysis of Bridge-Vehicle System due to Road Surface Roughness

SUMMARY

The paper presents a new method to study the dynamic properties of the bridge-vehicle system. The transfer function of the system is obtained by iteration in the frequency domain instead of the time domain. The relationship between vehicle speed and the lowest natural frequency of the system is investigated and a parametric study of the system stability is made. The varying parameters concerned are the vehicle speed, the ratio of vehicle mass to bridge mass, the ratio of vehicle eigenfrequency to bridge eigenfrequence, and the relative damping of the vehicle and bridge.     

Train–track–bridge dynamic interaction: a state-of-the-art review

ABSTRACT

Train–track–bridge dynamic interaction is a fundamental concern in the field of railway engineering, which plays an extremely important role in the optimal design of railway bridges, especially in high-speed railways and heavy-haul railways. This paper systematically presents a state-of-the-art review of train–track–bridge dynamic interaction. The evolution process of train–bridge dynamic interaction model is described briefly, from the simplest moving constant force model to the sophisticated train–track–bridge dynamic interaction model (TTBDIM). The modelling methodology of the key elements in the TTBDIM is systematically reviewed, including the train, the track, the bridge, the wheel–rail contact, the track–bridge interaction, the system excitation and the solution algorithm. The significance of detailed track modelling in the whole system is highlighted. The experimental research and filed test focusing on modelling validation, safety assessment and long-term performance investigation of the train–track–bridge system are briefly presented. The practical applications of train–track–bridge dynamic interaction theory are comprehensively discussed in terms of the system dynamic performance evaluation, the system safety assessment and train-induced environmental vibration and noise prediction. The guidance is provided on further improvement of the train–track–bridge dynamic interaction model and the challenging research topics in the future.     

Influence of long-wavelength track irregularities on the motion of a high-speed train

Vertical track irregularities over viaducts in high-speed rail systems could be possibly caused by concrete creep if pre-stressed concrete bridges are used. For bridge spans that are almost uniformly distributed, track irregularity exhibits a near-regular wave profile that excites car bodies as a high-speed train moves over the bridge system. A long-wavelength irregularity induces low-frequency excitation that may be close to the natural frequencies of the train suspension system, thereby causing significant vibration of the car body. This paper investigates the relationship between the levels of car vibration, bridge vibration, track irregularity, and the train speed. First, this study investigates the vibration levels of a high-speed train and bridge system using 3D finite-element (FE) transient dynamic analysis, before and after adjustment of vertical track irregularities by means of installing shimming plates under rail pads. The analysis models are validated by in situ measurements and on-board measurement. Parametric studies of car body vibration and bridge vibration under three different levels of track irregularity at five train speeds and over two bridge span lengths are conducted using the FE model. Finally, a discontinuous shimming pattern is proposed to avoid vehicle suspension resonance.     

Application of the structural articulation method to dynamic impact loading of railway bridges – a case study

This article demonstrates a practical application of the structural articulation method. An existing prototype railway bridge was selected to compare our new method with the industry codes of practice. The response history and dynamic increment of the bridge were investigated through a variety of methods: lump sum mass analysis (LSMA) and suspension system analysis (SSA) for a single-axle force, and SSA for multi-axle forces. We considered both a local irregularity and a global sinusoidal irregularity. The dynamic impact load induced by either form of track irregularity increases approximately linearly with the vehicle speed up to a certain point, then tends to decrease gradually. This behaviour reveals that the dynamic impact load induced by track irregularities is dominated by the resonance of the bridge. If a bridge must support multiple axles, or if an especially accurate dynamic impact factor is required for safety reasons, then multi-axle SSA is recommended because this approach is the most accurate and likely to produce a weaker response than single-axle analysis. The random irregularity is generated by the stochastic track irregularity process. It is found that the dynamic impact load induced by the random irregularity is negligible, compared with the deterministic irregularity.     

Validation of a MATLAB Railway Vehicle Simulation Using a Scale Roller Rig

SUMMARY

A 1/5 scale roller rig has been constructed for use in analysing the dynamic behaviour of railway vehicles. The roller rig includes a servo hydraulic system to allow a realistic input of track irregularities at the rollers and instrumentation is fitted to allow measurement of the position and acceleration of the bodies. This paper reports on the first stage in validating the behaviour of the roller rig using a relatively simple, linear computer model constructed in MATLAB. Initial results show good correlation between the behaviour seen on the roller rig and that predicted by the model.     

A model for vehicle–track random interactions on effects of crosswinds and track irregularities

A stochastic mathematical model is developed to evaluate the dynamic behaviours and statistical responses of vehicle–track systems when random system excitations including crosswinds and track irregularities are imposed. In this model, the railway vehicle is regarded as a multi-rigid-body system, the track system is modelled by finite element theory. These two systems are spatially coupled by the nonlinear wheel–rail contact forces and unsteady aerodynamic forces. The high efficiency and accuracy of this stochastic model are validated by comparing to the robust Monte-Carlo method. Numerical studies show that crosswinds have a great influence on the dynamic performance of vehicle–track systems, especially on transverse vibrations. When the railway vehicle initially runs into the wind field, it will experience a severe vibration stage, and then stepping into a relatively steady state where the fluctuating winds and track irregularities will play deterministic roles in the deviations of system responses. Moreover, it is found that track irregularities should be properly considered in the safety assessment of the vehicle even in strong crosswinds.     

Dynamic Response of a Six-axle Locomotive to Random Track Inputs

SUMMARY

Spectral analysis techniques are employed to analyze the dynamic response of a six-axle locomotive on tangent track to vertical and lateral random track irregularities. The locomotive is represented by a thirty-nine (39) degrees of freedom model. A linear model is employed by considering small displacements, linear suspension elements and a linear theory for the wheel-rail interaction. Power spectral densities of displacements, velocities and accelerations and the statistical average frequencies of the system are obtained for each degree of freedom. Comparison of the calculated dominating frequencies with existing experimental values shows good agreement. The technique of spectral analysis is an effective tool for model validation, and for the determination of rail vehicle response to track irregularities. The probability functions for the response can be used as a measure for the ride quality of rail vehicles and for the study of fatigue damage of components.

     

Probabilistic assessment of railway vehicle-curved track systems considering track random irregularities

The randomness of track irregularities directly leads to the random vibration of the vehicle–track systems. To assess the dynamic performance of a railway system in more comprehensive and practical ways, a framework for probabilistic assessment of vehicle-curved track systems is developed by effectively integrating a vehicle–track coupled model (VTCM), a track irregularity probabilistic model (TIPM) with a probability density evolution method (PDEM). In VTCM, the railway vehicle and the curved track are coupled by the nonlinear wheel–rail interaction forces, and through TIPM, the ergodic properties of random track irregularities on amplitudes, wavelengths and probabilities can be properly considered in the dynamic calculations. Lastly, PDEM, a newly developed method for solving probabilistic transmissions between stochastic excitations and deterministic dynamic responses, is introduced to this probabilistic assessment model. Numerical examples validate the correctness and practicability of the proposed models. In this paper, the results of probabilistic assessment are presented to illustrate the dynamic behaviours of a high-speed railway vehicle subject to curved tracks with various radii, and to demonstrate the importance of considering the actual status of wheel–rail contacts and curve negotiation effects in vehicle-curved track interactions.     

大跨度铁路斜拉桥车桥耦合振动分析

以某主跨432m铁路斜拉桥为例,运用桥梁结构动力学与车辆动力学,将桥上通行列车和桥梁视为联合动力体系,建立精细的列车与大跨度铁路斜拉桥的车桥耦合动力分析模型,计算与分析了该桥列车通过时的桥梁动力响应和列车走行性,计算结果表明：当国产C62货车和CRH2客车以不同的速度通过斜拉桥时,车辆、桥梁的动力响应均能达标,列车具有良好的走行性,该斜拉桥具有足够的横向、竖向刚度。研究结果为大跨度铁路斜拉桥的动力设计提供了理论依据。     

山区峡谷大跨度铁路桥梁方案设计研究

瓮安至马场坪铁路北延伸线湘江特大桥为大跨度山区铁路桥梁.桥址处山高谷深,建桥条件复杂.综合考虑桥址地理环境、地质、施工便捷性和工程经济性等因素,研究并提出3种可行的桥式方案,通过对结构体系、结构尺寸、施工方法、计算指标、工程造价、施工工期等方面进行研究,推荐120 m+2×235 m+120 m跨径组合的刚构斜拉桥方案...     

武汉天兴洲公铁两用长江大桥主桥铁路混凝土板结合桥面系试验模型设计

武汉天兴洲公铁两用长江大桥主桥为(98 196 504 196 98)m双塔三索面钢桁斜拉桥,主梁为3片主桁的板桁结合钢桁梁,上层为6车道公路,下层为双线客运专线、双线Ⅰ级铁路。其中铁路桥面采用纵横梁体系的混凝土板结合道碴桥面。介绍铁路混凝土板结合桥面系模型试验的结构设计及试验方法。     

闵浦二桥主桥设计及技术创新

闵浦二桥是一座公轨两用一体化双层特大桥,主桥为独塔双索面双层斜拉桥,是目前国内跨度最大的公轨两用双层斜拉桥。该文主要介绍主桥设计构思及技术创新点,可供相关专业人员参考。     

风、列车作用下大跨度斜拉桥索-梁相关振动研究

为了研究大跨度铁路斜拉桥在随机风、列车动力作用下索-梁相关振动导致的拉索振动状态,开发三维空间非线性有限元动力计算程序、列车动力学模型、风场模拟算法,以实际斜拉桥为研究对象,建立全桥三维有限元计算模型进行详细的计算分析.首先,分别使用拉索不分段与分段的全桥模型进行模态计算,讨论拉索局部振动特性与全桥振动特性之间的关系....     

Influence of uneven rail irregularities on the dynamic response of the railway track using a three-dimensional model of the vehicle–track system

A mathematical model of the vehicle–track interaction is developed to investigate the coupled behaviour of vehicle–track system, in the presence of uneven irregularities at left/right rails. The railway vehicle is simplified as a 3D multi-rigid-body model, and the track is treated as the two parallel beams on a layered discrete support system. Besides the car-body, the bogies and the wheel sets, the sleepers are assumed to have roll degree of freedom, in order to simulate the in-plane rotation of the components. The wheel–rail interface is treated using a nonlinear Hertzian contact model, coupling the mathematical equations of the vehicle–track systems. The dynamic interaction of the entire system is numerically studied in time domain, employing Newmark's integration method. The track irregularity spectra of both the left/right rails are taken into account, as the inputs of dynamic excitations. The dynamic responses of the track system induced by such irregularities are obtained, particularly in terms of the vertical (bounce) and roll displacements. The numerical model of the present research is validated using several benchmark models reported in the literature, for both the smooth and unsmooth track conditions. Four sample profiles of the measured rail irregularities are considered as the case studies of excitation sources, examining their influences on the dynamic behaviour of the coupled system. The results of numerical simulations demonstrate that the motion of track system is significantly influenced by the presence of uneven irregularities in left/right rails. Dynamic response of the sleepers in the roll direction becomes more sensitive to the rail irregularities, as the unevenness severity of the parallel profiles (quantitative difference between left and right rail spectra) is increased. The severe geometric deformation of the track in the bounce–pitch–roll directions is mainly related to such profile unevenness (cross-level) in left/right rails.     

Direct Covariance Analysis for the Calculation of Creepages and Creep-Forces for Various Bogies on Straight Track with Random Irregularities

SUMMARY

In this paper creep-forces and creepages for an ICE express train coach and an electric locomotive BR 120 of the DB on straight track with random irregularities are investigated. The calculations are made with the multibody program MEDYNA using direct covariance analysis. One of the aims of this article is to emphasize the advantages of the direct covariance method (time domain) compared with the power spectral density method (frequency domain).     

Theoretical and experimental excitation force spectra for railway-induced ground vibration: vehicle–track–soil interaction,irregularities and soil measurements

Excitation force spectra are necessary for a realistic prediction of railway-induced ground vibration. The excitation forces cause the ground vibration and they are themselves a result of irregularities passed by the train. The methods of the related analyses – the wavenumber integration for the wave propagation in homogeneous or layered soils, the combined finite-element boundary-element method for the vehicle–track–soil interaction – have already been presented and are the base for the advanced topic of this contribution. This contribution determines excitation force spectra of railway traffic by two completely different methods. The forward analysis starts with vehicle, track and soil irregularities, which are taken from literature and axle-box measurements, calculates the vehicle–track interaction and gets theoretical force spectra as the result. The second method is a backward analysis from the measured ground vibration of railway traffic. A calculated or measured transfer function of the soil is used to determine the excitation force spectrum of the train. A number of measurements of different soils and different trains with different speeds are analysed in that way. Forward and backward analysis yield the same approximate force spectra with values around 1 kN for each axle and third of octave.