工况驾驶规范性及客观评价指标相关性的试验研究

通过引入驾驶评价指标和制动压力的控制及其要求规范了驾驶行为,为提高测试的准确性以及可重复性提供了保障。利用8名具有多年底盘测功机驾驶经验的驾驶员及两台轻型汽油车,在底盘测功机上开展了大量的新欧洲驾驶循环测试 （New European Driving Cycle,NEDC） 和全球轻型车统一循环测试 （Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle,WLTC）,并以10 Hz为采样频率连续记录数据进行综合计算,得到驾驶评价指标结果。通过相关性分析,认定驾驶风格对油门扰动性的影响在 NEDC工况下比在 WLTC工况下的更大,主因是驾驶员在稳定工况下拥有更多的自由度。对于NEDC工况,可以通过设定IWR及EER限值来实现规范驾驶;对于WLTC工况,可以通过设定IWR和RMSSE限值来实现规范驾驶。此外,通过限制工况驾驶过程中的最大制动压力还为规范驾驶提供了有效途径。不仅为降低不同驾驶员对燃料消耗量测试的影响提供了参考,在我国汽车领域实现“双碳”目标的背景下,也为乘用车碳排放大数据采集的准确性提供了借鉴。     

混合动力轿车控制策略的仿真

介绍了国家“863”计划中“十五”重大专项电动汽车项目,采用的电动汽车仿真软件ADVISOR2002,并对国内某一混合动力轿车样车的控制策略进行建模与仿真的研究工作。该车与本田公司的混合动力轿车Insight的动力系统结构相同,但是采用了不同的控制策略,因此在分析ADVISOR的Insight模型的基础上,重新设计控制策略模块并进行仿真,给出了结果和改进方案。     

基于增益功率燃油系数的HEV能量管理策略

为了优化等效燃油最小能量管理策略的节油效果,以适用于工程批量应用为导向,制定基于增益功率燃油系数的混合动力汽车(HEV)能量管理策略。基于瞬时优化原理,提出基于增益功率燃油系数的工作模式决策机制,根据电机发电或电动引起的发动机功率与燃油消耗率的变化关系,分别给出电机充电和放电模式下增益功率燃油系数的计算方法。考虑发动机扭矩瞬态快速变化对油耗的影响和电机及电池包充放电效率特性,提出发动机高效区域扭矩滞回控制方法,建立基于增益功率燃油系数的能量管理策略算法架构。基于MATLAB/Simulink搭建控制策略软件模型,通过转鼓试验台进行实车试验验证。研究结果表明：相对于等效燃油最小能量管理策略,基于增益功率燃油系数的能量管理策略提升了节油率和舒适性,在全球轻型汽车测试循环(WLTC)工况下的百公里油耗降低了约4.8%,发动机的启停次数降低了约53%;相对于有效燃油消耗率(BSFC)最优工作点控制方法,发动机高效区域滞回控制方法降低百公里油耗约1.8%;与采用基于动态规划的全局优化能量管理策略的仿真结果对比,在不能提前预知工况的条件下,制定的能量管理策略在WLTC工况与新标欧洲测试循环(NEDC)工况下的油耗与理论最优值差距均较小。     

A study of the environmental impacts of intelligent automated vehicle control at intersections via V2V and V2I communications

This article presents a novel intersection traffic management system for automated vehicles and quantifies its impact on fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of CO₂ relative to traditional traffic signal and roundabout intersection control. The developed intelligent traffic management (ITM) techniques, which are based on a spatiotemporal reservation scheme, ensure that vehicles proceed through the intersection without colliding with other vehicles while at the same time reducing the intersection delay and environmental impacts. Specifically, the spatiotemporal reservation scheme provides each vehicle a collision-free path that is decomposed into a speed profile along with navigational instructions. The integration of the developed microscopic traffic simulator with instantaneous emission model, provides improved assessments of the environmental impact of traffic control strategies at intersections. The simulator architecture integrates several ITM algorithms, vehicle sensors, V2V/V2I communications, and emission and fuel consumption models. Each vehicle is modeled by an agent and each agent provides information depending on the specific vehicle sensors. The ITM system is supported by V2V and V2I communications, allowing the exchange of information among vehicles and infrastructure. The data include the estimated vehicle position and speed. Compared with traditional traffic management techniques, the simulation results prove that the proposed ITM system reduces CO₂ emissions significantly. The research also shows that these reductions are more significant when the traffic flow increases.     

基于实际运行工况的电动商用车能耗仿真与参数优化

在商用车电气化趋势下,如何准确研究车辆参数对能耗的影响,制定优化方案以降低能耗、提升续航里程成为影响电动商用车未来发展的重要问题。为此,应用短行程法构建目标车型的实际运行工况,采用ADVISOR车辆仿真器,以整车质量、滚阻系数、附件功率等5项车辆参数为变量,以设计优化区间为参数调整范围,开展实际运行工况下的能耗仿真,获得实际运行工况场景下各车辆参数与百公里耗电量的数量关系;在此基础上,通过分析各参数优化百分比与百公里耗电节省量的关系,构建体现各项参数能耗敏感性的节电系数;基于敏感性分析结果,对预计优化效益较高的参数进行优化,并对各优化方案进行成本-收益分析。研究结果表明：相较于“新欧洲驾驶循环”(New European Driving Cycle,NEDC)工况,实际运行工况下的能耗仿真结果与实际能耗相对误差降低超过10%;按能耗敏感性由高到低对各车辆参数排序,依次为整车质量、传动效率、滚阻系数、风阻系数、附件功率;各参数优化方案中,采用铝制白车身、配备低滚阻轮胎和热泵空调具有正面静态收益;利用实际运行工况进行能耗仿真可得到更符合目标车型实际能耗的仿真结果,以该仿真结果为基础的能耗敏感性分析和参数优化具有良好的实际指导意义。     

插电式混合动力乘用车能耗和续驶里程评价方法研究

本文中通过理论分析和试验验证详细揭示了轻型混合动力汽车能量消耗量试验方法旧国标(GB/T 19753—2013)存在的问题,同时作为对其新国标(GB/T 19753—2021)所作修改合理性的诠释.主要论据包括:尽管下一阶段可暂时采用WLTC试验循环,但最终仍应全面推动中国轻型汽车行驶工况(CLTC-P)的应用;新标准...     

混合动力汽车发动机转矩突变过程动态协调控制

针对混合动力汽车急加速时由于混合气瞬间加浓引起动态油耗增加的问题,本文中提出了基于转矩动态补偿的混合动力汽车发动机转矩突变过程动态协调控制方法。设计了基于转矩变化率限制的发动机转矩控制策略,避免了发动机转矩突变过程中动态油耗的增加,同时保证了加速过程中整车的动力性。实车试验结果表明,提出的动态协调控制方法不仅降低了加速过程中发动机的动态油耗,同时提高了整车动力性。     

增程式电动车动力电池组低温行车预热策略

为了提高动力电池组低温环境下的放电效率,针对增程式电动车低温行车条件,考虑电池组预热过程中单体温度的不一致及单体排布等因素的影响,进行增程式电动车动力电池组低温行车预热策略研究。采用Chrom_17011充放电测试机及高低温恒温箱对26650磷酸铁锂电池单体进行低温试验与AMESim模型仿真对比的方法验证预热模型的精度,分析发动机怠速为电池组进行预热时,水泵转速、串行通风鼓风量、串行通道单体数量及单体与单体之间的间隙对电池包内入、出口单体温差的影响。通过整车仿真,分析行车预热策略与传统CDCS策略在不同环境温度下对等价燃油消耗量的影响。研究结果表明：在单体排布间距固定和水泵转速为800 r·min^-1的条件下,电池包串行通风风量越大,串行通道入、出口单体温差越小,单体预热时间相对较长,且在串行通风风量不小于3 g·s^-1的条件下,能满足电池包串行通道最大温差小于5℃的要求;环境温度在-20℃时,行车预热策略比CDCS策略等价燃油消耗率降低16.25%,纯电动续驶里程增加9.95 km;其影响等价燃油消耗率的因素有制动能量回收量和内阻消耗量,内阻消耗量是影响等价燃油消耗率升高的主要因素。     

Stability enhancement and fuel economy of the 4-wheel-drive hybrid electric vehicles by optimal tyre force distribution

In this paper, vehicle stability control and fuel economy for a 4-wheel-drive hybrid vehicle are investigated. The integrated controller is designed within three layers. The first layer determines the total yaw moment and total lateral force made by using an optimal controller method to follow the desired dynamic behaviour of a vehicle. The second layer determines optimum tyre force distribution in order to optimise tyre usage and find out how the tyres should share longitudinal and lateral forces to achieve a target vehicle response under the assumption that all four wheels can be independently steered, driven, and braked. In the third layer, the active steering, wheel slip, and electrical motor torque controllers are designed. In the front axle, internal combustion engine (ICE) is coupled to an electric motor (EM). The control strategy has to determine the power distribution between ICE and EM to minimise fuel consumption and allowing the vehicle to be charge sustaining. Finally, simulations performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment show that the proposed structure could enhance the vehicle stability and fuel economy in different manoeuvres.     

混合动力电动汽车控制策略的研究

主要讨论了并联式混合动力电动汽车的控制策略,详细阐述了控制策略的依据以及控制过程,并给出了控制策略的仿真结果。     

纯电动城市客车驾驶行为与能耗关系的统计分析

对同一设计、同一批次、同一运行线路、不同人员驾驶的4辆城市客车的运行状态和能耗进行统计分析,提出影响车辆能耗特性的驾驶行为特点,并给出优化能耗特性的相关建议。     

纯电动汽车经济性驾驶的影响因素及应用

我国新能源汽车技术路线是以纯电驱动为主,随着纯电动汽车保有量的增加,降低其行驶能耗既符合国家节能 减排的战略,又能改善用户的用车体验。基于某纯电动SUV车型的实际道路驾驶数据,通过相关性和降维分析得到加速 度的方差是影响能耗的最关键因素;进而采用一维模型仿真,研究匀速、加减速和坡道3种典型工况下能耗的形成机理 和优化方向,得到平衡能耗与行驶时长的经济性驾驶原则,如高速巡航时应适当降低车速,市区拥堵时控制加速度变化 幅度,上下坡时利用车辆惯性,减少制动能量回收。     

电动轿车动力系统参数设计和动力性能分析

以某电动轿车研发为对象,对其动力传动系的参数进行匹配设计。基于MATLAB／SIMULINK软件平台建立了整车仿真模型,并应用ADVISOR软件对整车动力性和续驶里程进行了仿真分析。在转鼓试验台上实车测试表明,所设计的动力传动系统能满足设计要求,同时验证了所建立整车模型的准确性。     

山路行驶的柴油车污染物排放特性试验

在山路和平路上,进行了不同载荷下国V柴油车的实际道路行驶排放(RDE)试验.采集车速、海拔、氮氧化物(Nox)和颗粒物数量(PN)排放浓度等数据,分析了道路坡度、车辆载荷与输出功率对排放的影响.研究发现:测试柴油车辆,在平均坡度约6％山路行驶时Nox排放因子高于平路20％以上,PN低于平路20％以上.道路坡度自0增大到...     

液压驱动工程车辆牵引性能参数在行走机构滑转曲线上的配置与控制方法研究

提出了一种利用液压无级变速传动,进行恒功率速度自适应控制,动态工况下的牵引性能参数按照静态匹配理论计算,但在行走机构全打滑前进行极限负荷控制的设计方法.实践表明这是一种提高车辆动力性、经济性和作业生产率综合性能以及实现自动化的有效途径.     

Fault classification method for the driving safety of electrified vehicles

A fault classification method is proposed which has been applied to an electric vehicle. Potential faults in the different subsystems that can affect the vehicle directional stability were collected in a failure mode and effect analysis. Similar driveline faults were grouped together if they resembled each other with respect to their influence on the vehicle dynamic behaviour. The faults were physically modelled in a simulation environment before they were induced in a detailed vehicle model under normal driving conditions. A special focus was placed on faults in the driveline of electric vehicles employing in-wheel motors of the permanent magnet type. Several failures caused by mechanical and other faults were analysed as well. The fault classification method consists of a controllability ranking developed according to the functional safety standard ISO 26262. The controllability of a fault was determined with three parameters covering the influence of the longitudinal, lateral and yaw motion of the vehicle. The simulation results were analysed and the faults were classified according to their controllability using the proposed method. It was shown that the controllability decreased specifically with increasing lateral acceleration and increasing speed. The results for the electric driveline faults show that this trend cannot be generalised for all the faults, as the controllability deteriorated for some faults during manoeuvres with low lateral acceleration and low speed. The proposed method is generic and can be applied to various other types of road vehicles and faults.     

轻型汽油车实际行驶污染物排放的影响因素

为了研究车辆冷起动、行程动力学参数和不同数据处理方法对实际行驶排放(RDE)试验的影响,本文利用4辆轻型汽油车进行试验研究,通过CO2移动平均窗口法和欧6新方法进行排放计算。结果表明:冷起动对CO和NOx排放影响偏差均在10%以内,对于未装配汽油机颗粒捕集器(GPF)车辆的市区PN排放影响偏差最大可达32.25%,在国6车型标定时应重点关注。相对正向加速度(RPA)与PN排放成正相关,与CO、NOx排放相关性不明显;v*apos,95(速度与正向加速度乘积按升序排序的第95个百分位取值)与CO、PN排放成正相关,与NOx排放成负相关,与CO和PN的相关系数大于与NOx的相关系数。对于同一个有效行程的污染物排放计算结果,欧6新方法大于CO2移动平均窗口法,欧6新方法能更加真实地反映车辆在RDE试验中的污染物排放水平。