Car driving at the limit by adaptive linear optimal preview control

The paper is concerned with modelling car drivers. The context of the work presented is explained. Then, previous research on the application of optimal linear preview control theory to driving road vehicles with only modest excursions from a straight-running equilibrium state is extended into the general large-lateral-motion arena. Optimal controls are found for steady-cornering trim states of an exemplary car at a given speed as a function of cornering effort, up to the practical limit. The manner in which the optimal controls change as the cornering vigour changes is discussed. Simulations of the virtual driver-controlled car are shown to demonstrate the closed-loop system following lateral path demands and the advantages of employing gain-scheduled adaptive control over a fixed-control scheme are demonstrated.     

国产在用客车高速行驶时存在的主要问题及对策

在对我国高速公路客车运输行驶状况进行大量统计与调研的基础上,分析了国产在用客车高速行驶时所存在的主要问题,并提出了相应的对策。统计结果表明,目前我国全封闭式高速公路的运输能力还未能得到充分发挥,其主要原因是国产在用客车动力性、行驶稳定性、高速制动性等性能较差,建议高速公路用客车的设计,应充分考虑其使用特点及主动安全性要求。     

使用阵列技术识别高速行驶轿车的辐射声源

阵列技术通过传声器获取声场信息，使用波束形成或功率谱估计原理对声场信号进行处理，能对宽带声源进行有效识别。在汽车表面声源分布假设的基础上利用平面十字阵列技术对某轿车高速行驶时的车外噪声源进行了识别。试验结果表明，阵列技术可以识别出高速运动轿车表面上的主要声源，从而为轿车的车外噪声控制提供了科学依据。     

机械式自动变速器起车过程综合控制

分析机械式自动变速器在各种工况下起车离合器接合过程，以起车冲击度和滑摩功均较小为原则，来实现离合器结合的平顺性。根据油门开度、发动机转速、输入轴转速计算发动机的负荷能力，控制离合器传递的扭矩使发动机输出扭矩与离合器扭矩匹配。另外建立滑摩功与离合器温升的模型，防止离合器摩镣片过温损坏。据此建立起车离合器控制MAP图，已应用于某车型的AMT样车上。     

Optimal scheduling of the flexray static segment based on two-dimensional bin-packing algorithm

FlexRay is a reliable and hard real-time in-vehicle communication protocol that is strongly promoted by car manufacturers as the de facto standard in the automotive domain. The protocol offers both a time-triggered and an eventtriggered architecture. This paper focuses on the optimal scheduling of the time-triggered component of FlexRay known as the static (ST) segment using a two-dimensional bin-packing technique. To maximize the bandwidth utilization in the ST segment, a fast heuristic as well as an efficient integer linear programming approach are proposed. Our methods directly schedule signals into slots including frame packing, according to signal-based data scheduling and the slot/ cycle multiplexing mechanisms presented by the latest version of the FlexRay protocol. The benefits of our proposed methods are demonstrated by extensive experiments on synthetic and an automotive X-by-wire system case study. An additional test case is examined to emphasize the superior performance of the proposed approach relative to that of existing optimal scheduling approaches.     

提高商用车操纵稳定性的研究

本文研究主动横向稳定器降低车身侧倾向，以及与后轴转向系统协调控制时，提高商用车操纵稳定性的效果，实车试验表明，采用前轮转角前馈控制方法，汽车转向时稳定器产生反侧力矩，大幅度地降低车身侧倾；当与后轴转向系统协调控制时，能够提高商用车的操纵稳定性。     

应用模糊控制器控制轿车空调制冷及风道系统

本文应用状态反馈模糊控制方法对轿车空调系统中的电子膨胀阀和温度混合风门进行控制来调节轿车车室内温度，在车速变化和热负荷变化的扰动下实现了车室内平均温度的自动控制，为最后轿车空调自动控制系统的产品化提供了良好的基础。     

由高速ON／OFF阀操作的主动悬架系统及控制方法研究

主动悬架能使车辆的乘坐舒适性和操纵安全性同时得到改善，但系统复杂性及成本的提高使其普及受到影响，本文提出一个以价格低廉的高速ＯＮ／ＯＦＦ阀取代目前使用的压力比例控制阀的系统方案，并应用天棚阻尼器控制，最优控制，最优预见控制等方法进行控制系统设计及实验研究，结果表明，所提的系统是可行的，控制效果是令人满意的。     

Hydro-pneumatic Slow-active Suspension with Preview Control

In this work, the preview control problem is considered for fully active and hydro-pneumatic slow-active systems. Based on the quarter car model, linear optimal control theory is used to derive the control laws. The Pade approximation technique is used to represent the preview time resulting from a preview sensor mounted at the front bumper to measure the road irregularities ahead of the front wheels. The results for the slow-active system with preview showed that there is 15% improvement in ride comfort compared to slow-active without preview and 28.5% improvement over passive system at similar root mean square (r.m.s) dynamic tyre load and suspension working space. The performance gains are, however, lower by about 15% than those obtainable with the theoretically ideal, fully active system with preview. The power results for slow active with and without preview showed that a 2kW fixed displacement hydraulic pump is enough for full vehicle requirements.     

新能源汽车制动系统的发展趋势

伴随着新能源汽车的快速发展,使得越来越多的人员开始关注新能源汽车技术的提升。其中,制动系统作为保障汽车安全运行的主要系统之一,其利用制动器与车轮的摩擦来强制性控制行驶中的汽车达成减速或者停车的目的。制动系统在汽车行驶期间同样起到了保持汽车速度稳定、在各种道路状态下保持汽车停车时稳定不动的作用。而在本文当中,则主要针对新能源汽车制动系统的发展趋势展开了探讨与分析。     

Dynamic Performance of a Bulkhead Flat Car

The dynamic performance of a flat car is studied herein. The performance indices include roll angles, lateral accelerations, center plate loads, side bearing loads, wheel loads and spring deflections. These variables are maximum when the car is running at its critical speed, corresponding to either the rock and roll, or the bounce mode. The Association of American Railroads' (AAR) Flexible Carbody Model was used. The input for vertical track irregularities used in the simulation was generated from published spectra for U.S. Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Class 4 track. After studying the car's performance with various column loads and spring suspensions, it was found that the most commonly used column load of 4,000 lbs. (17.8 kN) should be used. The spring suspension used in the original car design should also be adopted, in order to avoid spring. bottoming.     

Maglev Vehicle/Guideway Vertical Random Response and Ride Quality

Summary The research and development (R & D) of maglev technology had made a great progress in China since the early 1980s. Especially, a 35 km-long Shanghai high-speed maglev railway employing the German Transrapid system began to be constructed on March 1, 2001. Based on the Transrapid system, the paper develops a 10-degree-of-freedom model of maglev vehicle running over three types of guideways with constant speed. Random guideway irregularities are discussed and taken into account for simulation of the vehicle response and for evaluation of the ride comfort. Using the direct time integration method and the discrete fast Fourier transform (DFFT), random responses of the maglev vehicle-guideway systems are obtained and analyzed. Numerical results show that the resonant frequency of car body acceleration response is 0.5–1 Hz, and there is a 2.2 Hz periodic vibration due to the periodic configuration of rigid piers when the maglev vehicle travels over the elevated-beam guideway. The car body acceleration power spectral density (PSD) curves meet well the ride quality criterion of the urban tracked aircushion vehicle (UTACV) and the maximum acceleration of car body is less than 0.05 g. Moreover, the Sperling ride index values are less than 2.5 as long as the operational speed is less than 450 km/h. It is concluded that the maglev vehicle ride quality is quite well.     

Maglev Vehicle/Guideway Vertical Random Response and Ride Quality

Summary The research and development (R & D) of maglev technology had made a great progress in China since the early 1980s. Especially, a 35 km-long Shanghai high-speed maglev railway employing the German Transrapid system began to be constructed on March 1, 2001. Based on the Transrapid system, the paper develops a 10-degree-of-freedom model of maglev vehicle running over three types of guideways with constant speed. Random guideway irregularities are discussed and taken into account for simulation of the vehicle response and for evaluation of the ride comfort. Using the direct time integration method and the discrete fast Fourier transform (DFFT), random responses of the maglev vehicle-guideway systems are obtained and analyzed. Numerical results show that the resonant frequency of car body acceleration response is 0.5-1 Hz, and there is a 2.2 Hz periodic vibration due to the periodic configuration of rigid piers when the maglev vehicle travels over the elevated-beam guideway. The car body acceleration power spectral density (PSD) curves meet well the ride quality criterion of the urban tracked aircushion vehicle (UTACV) and the maximum acceleration of car body is less than 0.05 g. Moreover, the Sperling ride index values are less than 2.5 as long as the operational speed is less than 450 km/h. It is concluded that the maglev vehicle ride quality is quite well.     

Time-optimal control of the race car: a numerical method to emulate the ideal driver

A numerical method for the time-optimal control of the race car is presented. The method is then used to perform the role of the driver in numerical simulations of manoeuvres at the limit of race car performance. The method does not attempt to model the driver but rather replaces the driver with methods normally associated with numerical optimal control. The method simultaneously finds the optimal driven line and the driver control inputs (steer, throttle and brake) to drive this line in minimum time. In principle, the method is capable of operation with arbitrarily complex vehicle models as it requires only limited access to the vehicle model state vector. It also requires solution of the differential equation representing the vehicle model in only the forward time direction and is hence capable of simulating the full vehicle transient response.     

Dynamic Performance of a Bulkhead Flat Car

The dynamic performance of a flat car is studied herein. The performance indices include roll angles, lateral accelerations, center plate loads, side bearing loads, wheel loads and spring deflections. These variables are maximum when the car is running at its critical speed, corresponding to either the rock and roll, or the bounce mode. The Association of American Railroads' (AAR) Flexible Carbody Model was used. The input for vertical track irregularities used in the simulation was generated from published spectra for U.S. Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Class 4 track. After studying the car's performance with various column loads and spring suspensions, it was found that the most commonly used column load of 4,000 lbs. (17.8 kN) should be used. The spring suspension used in the original car design should also be adopted, in order to avoid spring bottoming.     

汽车发动机积炭分析及控制措施

现今的发动机技术虽然相当的成熟,但燃烧的效率也仅达25%—30%而已,因此积炭主要是由机械本身所造成的现象,以及汽油品质不佳所引起,汽车行驶一段时间后,燃油系统就形成一定积炭。行驶在二万公里以上汽车积炭特别严重,就会出现发动机怠速不稳、忽高忽低;加油时,加速不良,有发闷的现象;行驶无力,尤其超车时,提速反应慢,无法达到原车动力;尾气刺眼、刺鼻,严重超标;油耗也比以往增加。     

车辆气动力展向相关性传递函数及其对桥上运动车辆响应的影响

为研究运动车辆气动力的展向相关性对桥上运动车辆响应的影响,在分析运动车辆顺风向和竖向脉动风速谱的基础上,发展出一种新型的运动车辆脉动风速相干函数形式,推导出与顺风向和竖向脉动风速对应的运动车辆气动力的展向相关性传递函数,并根据"余弦规则"得到作用在运动车辆上的抖振力谱.通过建立列车-轨道-桥梁多体系统耦合振动仿真模型,...     

汽油／LPG双燃料轿车双点火提前角自动切换装置

汽油车改装成汽油／LPG双燃料车后，由于汽油和LPG的物化性质和燃烧特性有较大的差别，因而使用同一个点火提前角是不合理的。本文以桑 塔纳LX型轿车发动机为对象，通过台 试验得出燃用LPG时的最佳点火提前角，在原车点火系统的基础上，研制出一套能根据不同的燃料自动切换点火提前角的点火装置，该装置在台架和整车道路试验中都获得较好的结果。     

Stabilization of Passenger Car-Caravan Combination Using Four Wheel Steering Control

This study aims to stabilize the trailer at high speed. The behavior of passenger cars with four wheel steering system, vehicles with rear wheel steering and of trailer and passenger car are similar. This is regarded as an optimal regulator problem with linear equation of motion, and a state variables feedback control system is adopted. The problem of stability at high speed on a straight course can be solved. Therefore, the passenger car-trailer system can be stabilized. Furthermore, this study indicates the way forward to stabilize a passenger car-trailer system.     

一种三轮客车用的新型传动系统

本项目应用于三轮客车、正三轮客车和四轮沙滩车,它带有倒档和2个前进档的变速器安装在差速器半轴全浮式驱动桥主传动锥齿轮轴上。与传统传动系统相比,车辆输出转矩和速度变化范围扩大,整车动力性和经济性得到提高。