基于底盘测功机的摩托车耐久性和工况排放试验中冷却风机出口风速随距离衰减的研究

摩托车国Ⅲ工况排放测试和耐久性测试中,摩托车要在底盘测功机上跟踪规定的曲线行驶,风机模拟道路行驶中的自然风冷却车辆,速度满足风速等于车速。由于从风机出口断面到摩托车发动机有一定距离,随着距离的增加,出口风速、风量会发生衰减和扩散,这样,到达发动机的风速必然小于车速,致使冷却效果下降,模拟效果不佳,长时间运行还会对发动机、催化转化器产生损害,影响排放结果。     

电动摩托车续驶里程试验方法研究

续驶里程试验方法高效、合理,可以用较低的试验成本得到较理想的可信度结果,试验仅需一段1500m的试验道路、几百元一台的GPS测速仪和几只标杆,非常方便电动车企业（特别是还没有装备底盘测功机的企业）自行组织试验,以获得第一手试验数据。     

可以冷却和润滑摩擦片的摩托车发动机用离合器结构离合器冷却润滑摩擦片使用寿命

离合器作为发动机关键的性能件之一,其传递转矩能力的大小、传递转矩的可靠性及耐久性为离合器的主要性能指标,正常使用中,离合器由于工作条件恶劣,是摩托车维修中更换最频繁的零部件之一。为此,设计了一款离合器润滑结构,以最常用的摩托车立式发动机用CB款离合器为例,在此基础上进行了结构调整,通过增加1条专门的油路,对离合器摩擦片和离合器片进行冷却和润滑,充分改善了发动机内离合器的工作条件,减小了离合器摩擦片的磨损,从而延长了离合器的使用寿命。     

摩托车催化转化器及整车瞬态工况排放的数值模拟

以建设牌125ml摩托车上所使用的三效催化转化器为研究对象,利用CES08A催化器活性评价测试仪对催化剂小样的空燃比特性和氧平衡系数为0.97、1和1.03时的起燃温度特性进行试验测试。空燃比特性结果显示该催化剂对CO的转化效率较高,都保持在90% 以上。起燃温度特性结果显示氧平衡系数对CO的起燃温度影响不大。通过对催化剂反应机理的研究,建立了催化反应模型,对其进行数值求解,模拟结果与试验值吻合较好,验证了模型的正确性。在底盘测功机上对整车在循环工况下的排放进行了定容采样测试,并利用Boost软件建立发动机循环仿真模型,对整车在瞬态工况下的排放进行数值模拟。     

国产摩托车排放现状及控制进程分析

本文根据百余种国产摩托车排气污染物底盘测功机工况法测试结果，建立了相应的数据库，本文综述了国产摩托车排气污染物排放现状，在对欧洲和台洲摩托车排放控制进行考察和分析的基础上，结合我国情况，提出了摩托车排放控制进程建议。     

A Motorcycle Multi-Body Model for Real Time Simulations Based on the Natural Coordinates Approach

This paper presents an eleven degrees of freedom, non-linear, multi-body dynamics model of a motorcycle. Front and rear chassis, steering system, suspensions and tires are the main features of the model. An original tire model was developed, which takes into account the geometric shape of tires and the elastic deformation of tire carcasses. This model also describes the dynamic behavior of tires in a way similar to relaxation models. Equations of motion stem from the natural coordinates approach. First, each rigid body is described with a set of fully cartesian coordinates. Then, links between the bodies are obtained by means of algebraic equations. This makes it possible to obtain simple equations of motion, even though the coordinates are redundant. The model was implemented in a Fortran code, named FastBike . In order to test the code, both simulated and real slalom and lane change maneuvers were carried out. A very good agreement between the numerical simulations and experimental test was found. The comparison of FastBike 's performance with those of some commercial software shows that first is much faster than others. In particular, real time simulations can be carried out using FastBike and it can be employed on a motorcycle simulator.     

摩托车及驾驶员气动特性的数值模拟研究

基于计算流体力学(CFD)的数值模拟技术,研究摩托车部件及驾驶员对整车气动特性的影响.对通过数值模拟获得的摩托车周围的流场、气动阻力系数和速度分布进行了深入分析;就风挡导流罩、驾驶员和摩托车本身的不同组合对整车气动阻力的影响进行了归纳;最后提出了一些减小摩托车气动阻力的具体建议.     

电动汽车底盘分析与调校研究

作为汽车的核心部分,电动汽车底盘直接影响整车表现,底盘系统的研发对汽车综合性能提升带来的影响极为深远,这使得近年来相关研究大量涌现。基于此,本文以某电动汽车为例,针对性开展了整车动力学建模与仿真,依托工装车性能试验,深入探讨了底盘性能优化改进路径,希望研究内容能够给相关从业人员以启发。     

汽车底盘集成控制动力学模型的发展

汽车底盘的很多子系统都可通过电子控制技术来改善相应的局部性能,如ABS、TCS、ASS、4WS等。为了减少装车成本使各系统之间协调工作,整个底盘系统有集成化控制的趋势。集成控制的关键之一是动力学模型的建立。文章分析了汽车底盘各子系统之间的联系,分别介绍了目前汽车电子系统和集成系统的模型发展情况,提出了建立底盘集成控制动力学模型的发展趋势。     

汽车底盘高效设计方案与开发工具构建

为提高汽车底盘开发对新能源汽车技术发展和市场导向的适配能力,基于多学科设计优化方法提出一种高效的汽车底盘产品优化设计方案。方案面向底盘开发多过程,以两个专用设计平台、6 个工具模块为载体,以综合开发工具的形式实现汽车概念开发阶段对动力学特性导向下底盘参数及特性影响的评估与优化,为提高产品设计效率、缩短开发周期、降低开发成本提供技术支持。     

Numerical investigation of engine-to-slip dynamics for motorcycle traction control applications

This work discusses the motorcycle engine-to-slip dynamics which are strictly related to the traction control design. A street motorcycle is analysed by means of an advanced mathematical model which also includes the tyre flexibility and the transmission compliance. The effects of the following parameters on engine-to-slip dynamics are investigated: vehicle speed, engaged gear ratio, sprocket absorber flexibility and road properties. Guidelines for increasing the maximum achievable closed-loop bandwidth are given.     

Effect of Frame Compliance on the Lateral Dynamics of Motorcycles

The lateral dynamics of an uncontrolled motorcycle, running on a straight, level road surface, is investigated in this paper. The structural compliances in the front and the rear frames of the motorcycle are taken into account by introducing additional degrees of freedom in the analysis. The kinematics of the tires is represented by linear differential equations which are based on the taut-string model of pneumatic tires. The linear differential equations of motion are solved to yield the eigensolutions of the system. Numerical results, obtained for parameters corresponding to a Honda CB750 motorcycle, are presented and discussed.     

Robustness analysis of ESC ECU to characteristic variation of vehicle chassis components using HILS technique

The ESC system, since its introduction in the mid 90s, has greatly contributed to prevention of vehicle accidents with its capability of maintaining vehicle stability in severe driving conditions. Due to its significant advantages, many nations are now adopting regulations that mandate installation of the ESC system in all classes of passenger vehicles — from mini to luxury. Accordingly it became important to know whether an ESC ECU can yield good performance on a wide range of vehicle parameter changes. In this paper, robustness analysis was conducted to study how characteristic variation of the main chassis components affect the performance of the ESC ECU. This analysis was carried out using a HILS system built on an actual ESC ECU. The variation range of each chassis component was carefully selected considering the component’s design criteria adopted in automotive industries. Based upon the robustness analysis results, the allowable variation ranges of the chassis components for ensuring sound performance of an ESC ECU were proposed.     

Effect of Frame Compliance on the Lateral Dynamics of Motorcycles

SUMMARY

The lateral dynamics of an uncontrolled motorcycle, running on a straight, level road surface, is investigated in this paper. The structural compliances in the front and the rear frames of the motorcycle are taken into account by introducing additional degrees of freedom in the analysis. The kinematics of the tires is represented by linear differential equations which are based on the taut-string model of pneumatic tires. The linear differential equations of motion are solved to yield the eigensolutions of the system. Numerical results, obtained for parameters corresponding to a Honda CB750 motorcycle, are presented and discussed.     

Advanced Chassis Control Systems for Vehicle Handling and Active Safety

In this paper chassis controls for vehicle handling and active safety have been reviewed. In particular, we have observed the effectiveness and limit of 4WS and DYC. It is pointed out that DYC is more effective in vehicle motion with larger side-slip and/or higher lateral acceleration and taking the nonlinearity of tire and vehicle dynamics into consideration is essential for introducing the control law for the chassis controls and their integration/coordination. We wish to emphasize that there is a need to further propose control laws based on deeper observation and understanding on the tire and vehicle dynamics.     

A Comparison between Four Computing Models of Different Complexity Describing the Steering Behavior of Two-axled Automobiles

SUMMARY

In this paper chassis controls for vehicle handling and active safety have been reviewed. In particular, we have observed the effectiveness and limit of 4WS and DYC. It is pointed out that DYC is more effective in vehicle motion with larger side-slip and/or higher lateral acceleration and taking the nonlinearity of tire and vehicle dynamics into consideration is essential for introducing the control law for the chassis controls and their integration/coordination. We wish to emphasize that there is a need to further propose control laws based on deeper observation and understanding on the tire and vehicle dynamics.     

非接触式摩托车综合性能测试仪的计量鉴定

非接触式摩托车综合性能测试仪是用光电传感器得到的路面反射脉冲信号对应摩托车相对地面走过一段距离的原理来实现测量的,速度、距离是计量鉴定的关键参数。摩托车企业完全可以利用现有的摩托车底盘测功机等设备实现自校,解决非接触式摩托车综合性能测试仪这一关键计量器具送检难问题。     

汽车底盘新技术

本文重点介绍了一些最新的汽车底盘技术,包括BBW、ESP、AFS、RWS、ABC、CDC、FOUR-C等,阐述它们的结构组成和基本工作原理,并且描述未来底盘技术的发展方向。     

基于骑乘安全性的摩托车色彩设计研究

色彩对摩托车安全性有着直接的影响。色彩设计不仅在视觉上美化了摩托车产品,影响人的心理和情感,还会影响骑乘者视觉的反应速度及准确性。与色彩相关联的摩托车安全性设计主要包括仪表设计、方向把操作按键面板设计、整车色彩设计及骑乘者的头盔及着装设计。     

Engine mount optimisation for vibration isolation in motorcycles

This paper presents a comprehensive model to capture the in-plane dynamics of a motorcycle system to evaluate the quality of its vibration isolation, and the design of an engine mount system. The model consists of two main structural components, the frame and the swing-arm, as well as the power-train assembly, engine mounts connecting the power-train to the frame, and the front-end assembly. The model accounts for frame and swing-arm flexibility using reduced order finite-element models. The power-train assembly is modelled as a rigid body connected to the frame through the engine mounts and to the swing-arm through a shaft assembly. The engine mounts are modelled as tri-axial spring-damper systems, and the front-end assembly is modelled as a lumped mass. The complete vehicle model is used to solve the engine mount optimisation problem, so as to minimise the total force transmitted to the frame while meeting packaging and other constraints. The mount system parameters – stiffness, position and orientation vectors – are used as design variables for the optimisation problem. The imposed loads include forces and moments due to engine imbalance as well as loads transmitted due to high amplitude, low frequency bump loads, through the tyre patch. Since packaging constraints play a significant role in a motorcycle layout, it is, therefore, important to determine the displacement envelope of the power-train under extreme loading conditions to ensure clearance with other components around the power-train. A motorcycle mount system should ideally be able to isolate the frame under steady-state loading conditions and at the same time limit the maximum excursion of the power-train under transient loading conditions.