Application of Sensitivity Methods to Analysis and Synthesis of Vehicle Dynamic Systems

The development and application of sensitivity methods for determining the effects of parameter changes on the response of vehicle dynamic systems is presented. The procedures shown can be used to enhance the analysis and synthesis processes of virtually any road or rail vehicle system regardless of its complexity. The parametric sensitivity of vehicle models in time domain, steady state models and vehicle models in frequency domain can be investigated using different types of sensitivity functions, both dimensional and dimensionless including first order standard, percentage, logarithmic, second order standard, and logarithmic and percentage sensitivity measures. These sensitivity functions and measures are determined as functions of partial derivatives of system variables taken with respect to system parameters. In the case of sensitivity functions in the frequency domain the variable values are computed as either the magnitude or phase angle of a complex element of the transfer function matrix. The methods presented enable to determine the influence of all system primary (constant) and secondary (non-constant) parameters on system primary and secondary variables. The primary variables are state variables or elements of the transfer function matrix and the secondary variables may be any functions of primary variables and system parameters. Typical secondary system parameters which can be examined include initial conditions, time variant coefficients, natural frequencies, loads, and typical secondary variables are forces, weight transfers, stability factors and energy components. The analysis of sensitivity results obtained for three vehicle handling models in both linear and nonlinear regimes of vehicle performance and utilizing various types of sensitivity functions is also presented.     

灵敏度分析方法在车身轻量化中的应用

建立了某轿车车身有限元模型,由有限元分析求得车身固有频率与刚度值,并通过模态试验验证了该模型的合理性.根据车身构件的灵敏度分析结果选择设计变量,在提高车身刚度和动态性能的前提下,以轻量化为目标优化车身构件厚度,使车身总质鼍减轻了9.7%;刚度和固有频率也都有所提高.     

汽车车架动特性分析及应用

应用大型结构分析软件ＳＡＰ５Ｐ，对某车架者了有限元动态分析和实验模态分析，通过分析所提供的信息，对某客货车在使用中发生的故障进行了诊断，提出了相应的改进措施，从而使该车具有更好的动态性能。     

车辆动力荷载分析

采用模态迭加法对复杂结构在多支座随机位移激励下的振动进行随机振动分析，以载重货车为计算对象，求得在不同车速和工况下车辆荷载的均方根值和超载概率，讨论动荷载的概率特征。     

Dynamic Stability of Vehicle Systems via Poincaré Maps

Computer simulations of a driven vehicle are performed to assess and quantify the automobile stability. The analytical methodology is based on PoincarS maps and Floquet theory, which are commonly used to investigate the stability of periodic systems. The approach accommodates the study of the complex dynamics of vehicle locomotion under various configurations of the system. The proposed method does not require any knowledge regarding the inner structure of the vehicle model. Kinematic data is simply collected at the specific instants to conduct the analysis. It is found that this method has the potential for real time warning and control of vehicle instabilities.     

汽车零部件时变可靠性及其灵敏度分析

推导了一种考虑初始参数不确定性的一维布朗运动方程,构建了载荷和结构参数时变的模型。运用材料S-N特性求得剩余强度分布,结合应力-强度干涉理论,提出了一种既考虑初始参数及强度不确定性又考虑实际使用过程中不确定性的可靠性及其灵敏度分析模型。在此基础上,研究了汽车零部件结构参数、强度、载荷、可靠度及其灵敏度随时间的变化规律。以某汽车驱动桥半轴为例,计算了时变条件下驱动桥半轴可靠度、失效率及可靠性灵敏度的变化规律。     

传动轴结构对某轻客NVH影响的研究分析

本文主要针对某轻型客车传动轴结构对整车NVH的影响进行分析研究,通过对传动轴长度等不够结构的匹配,并运用CAE对传动轴模态进行分析,通过改变传动轴模态以提升整车NVH性能。接合CAE分析对整车的对比试验检测,对传动轴结构对整车NVH的敏感度进行分析研究,最终确认满足NVH性能要求的传动轴结构及布置。     

车辆振动瞬态分析及动荷载

以装有平衡悬架和全悬浮驾驶室的三轴载重车为研究对象,建立受多点位移激励的多自由度车辆振动模型. 采用数值模拟方法生成路面的随机激励时域函数,对车辆振动系统进行瞬态分析,求得车辆动荷载的最大瞬时值并与采用功率谱分析得到的结果进行比较.     

车辆振动瞬态分析及动荷载

以装有平衡悬架和全悬浮驾驶室的三轴载重车为研究对象,建立受多点位移激励的多自由度车辆振动模型。采用数值模拟方法生成路面的随机激励时域函数,对车辆振动系统进行瞬态分析,求得车辆动荷载的最大瞬时值并与采用功率谱分析得到的结果进行比较。     

Sensitivity Analysis of Vehicle Design Attributes in Frequency Domain

This paper presents a procedure for determining the sensitivity matrices of a vehicle dynamic system in the frequency domain as derivatives of the transfer function matrix with respect to system parameters. First and second order logarithmic sensitivity functions which possess normalized coefficients have been introduced to enhance analysis. The sensitivity analysis of amplitude-frequency characteristics on changes of selected parameters of a 3 degree-of-freedom vehicle handling model has been performed. It has been demonstrated that the general sensitivity measure proposed can be used to determine the combined influence of system parameters divided into groups such as design, environmental, driver, kinematic, etc., on the multi-parameter system response, prior to determining their order of influence within the groups.     

跳车作用下沥青路面的细观动力响应分析

为了深入研究沥青路面结构受跳车冲击荷载作用时的变形和应力扩展规律,从细观结构角度出发,基于沥青材料的非均质性,利用Monte-Carlo法生成随机骨料,建立了沥青路面结构的二维数值模型.利用Abaqus有限元软件进行了跳车冲击作用下沥青路面的受力性能分析.并在此基础上,对轴重与跳车高度进行了参数分析.结果 表明:用细观...     

子结构模态综合在汽车振动噪声分析的应用

介绍了子结构模态综合技术,并以整车振动分析子结构模态综合技术应用的实例,说明建立子结构模型及整车模型进行汽车结构振动分析的流程,此计算过程有效降低了求解规模和计算成本,并以采用和不采用子结构模态综合法的计算结果对比说明了该技术对缩减整车模型的适用性和准确性。     

车辆轨迹数据的若干处理方法研究

从智能车路协同系统的概念出发,介绍了车路协同系统下的数据采集标准及轨迹数据特点,研究了轨迹数据处理的若干方法,包括车辆轨迹重构、交通参数提取、轨迹聚类等。     

防撞护栏最大动态变形量敏感性分析

碰撞参数在试验组织中会产生误差,为了解护栏最大动态变形量对碰撞参数的敏感程度,建立了车辆碰撞某金属梁柱式护栏有限元仿真模型,模型中考虑了碰撞过程中路基对护栏的影响,采用平均敏感度系数作为护栏敏感度的评判标准。结果表明,撞击速度是影响防撞护栏最大动态变形量的最敏感因素,该研究成果对制定碰撞试验误差范围具有指导意义。     

Dynamic and Vibration Analysis of a Vehicle Rear Axle System

A detailed finite element model for the rear axle system of a sport utility vehicle is developed in this investigation. The axle system is treated as a multibody system that consists of nine bodies that include the input shaft, two output shafts, the carrier and tube system, four control arms and a track bar. The rotating input and output shafts are mounted on the carrier and tube system using six bearings. The four control arms and the track bar are connected to the carrier system and the frame of the vehicle using rubber bushings. In the model developed in this investigation, three dimensional beam elements are used to develop the finite element model for the input and output axle shafts, the control arms, and the track bar. A non-conventional finite element formulation is used to develop the equations of motion of the rotating input and output shafts in order to account for the effect of their angular velocities. These equations are expressed in terms of inertia shape integrals that depend on the assumed displacement field. The inertia shape integrals are first evaluated for each finite element. The inertia shape integrals of the rotating shafts are obtained by assembling the inertia shape integrals of its finite elements using a standard finite element assembly procedure. A conventional finite element formulation is used for the control arms and the track bar. The model developed in this investigation includes the effect of the bearing stiffness, the effect of the stiffness of the helical springs of the suspension system, and the effect of the stiffness of the tires. Using the Lagrangian dynamics and the finite element method, the equations of motion of the axle system are developed and expressed in terms of the nodal coordinates of the shafts, the control arms and the track bar as well as the degrees of freedom of the carrier. This finite dimensional model is used to determine the mode shapes and the natural frequencies of the axle system. The discrepancies between several of the natural frequencies predicted using the dynamic model developed in this investigation and natural frequencies determined experimentally are found to be less than 2%. A parametric study is performed in order to investigate the effect of the axle system parameters on the natural frequencies and mode shapes. Using the modal transformation, a set of differential equations of motion of the axle system is developed and used to examine the system dynamics under given loading conditions. The solutions of the resulting equations of motion are obtained using numerical methods.     

基于灵敏度分析的微型货车车身结构动力修改

建立了某微型货车白车身的有限元模型,利用有限元法分析了该模型一阶扭转模态固有频率对主要零件厚度的灵敏度,并对找到的敏感零件进行动力修改.路面激励的计算结果表明振动特性得到明显改善.     

Vertical Vibration Analysis of Vehicle/Imperfect Track Systems

Summary This paper studies the vertical vibration of a vehicle traveling on an imperfect track system. The car body and sleepers are modeled as Timoshenko beams with finite length, and the rail is assumed as an infinite Timoshenko beam with discrete supports. Imperfection of the track system comes from a sleeper lost partial support by the ballast. Since deflection of the rail is limited within a certain interval where the vehicle is passing over, the infinite domain problem can be transformed into a finite domain problem with moving boundary. In this work, the equations of motion of the car body, rail and sleepers are discretized first by the finite element method. The discretized equations of motion for the vehicle and track systems are then assembled, respectively. Finally, the Newmark method is applied to obtain the response of the vehicle and track systems at each time step. The effect of the vehicle speed on the response of the vehicle and track systems is investigated.     

基于灵敏度分析的发动机机体动力修改

建立了某大功率柴油机机体的有限元模型,并用模态试验证实了其可靠性,在该有限元模型的基础上,进行了动态响应分析及灵敏度分析,并在分析结果的指导下进行了机体的动力修改,从而为整机的动力学仿真研究奠定了基础。     

汽车动力性现状分析

根据汽车动力性的大量随机实车测试数据，较深入地分析汽车动力性的衰退进程以及当前营运汽车的动力性状况，指明强化动力性检测的重要作用。