半刚性基层沥青路面变形的粘弹塑性分析

半刚性基层沥青路面为粘弹塑性材料(沥青混合料面层)及弹性—粘塑性材料(路基、土基)组成的复合层状结构。由循环轮载引起的沥青混合料面层内的粘弹塑性变形，可由粘弹塑性模型加以模拟；同时该模型可与弹性—粘塑性模型统一于一个数值分析程序里，以模拟半刚性基层沥青路面在各种环境下的工作状况。与传统的层状弹性计算方法相比较，粘弹塑性分析既能反映路面结构对行车荷载大小的应力及变形响应，又能获得不同行车作用时间下路面的塑性变形。算例分析表明，半刚性基层的刚度及厚度是影响路面结构力学响应的2个重要而又复杂的因素，故设计中应对这2项参数加以综合考虑。     

沥青稳定钢渣混合料性能研究

沥青稳定碎石混合料由于能解决传统半刚性基层容易形成干缩裂缝和温缩裂缝等问题,已成为研究热点之一。利用武钢转炉钢渣制备出沥青稳定钢渣混合料,并分别采用动稳定度、马歇尔稳定度、劈裂试验对其高温稳定性能和水稳性能进行研究。试验结果发现,沥青稳定钢渣混合料具有非常好的高温稳定性及抗水损害性能,可以作为柔性路基材料使用。     

新型沥青路面压实机械分析

分析了一种新型沥青路面压实机械（HIPAC）的特点，该机采用前后两条履带来代替通常的钢轮，对热沥青路面进行压实。度用表明它可较早对热沥青路面进行压实，有利于提高沥青路面的压实度和平整度，这是履带应用的创新。     

沥青轻组分含量对沥青低温性能的影响分析

沥青是一种典型的感温性材料，其轻组分（芳香分和饱和分的统称）含量对沥青材料的高低温性能有很重要的影响。通过小梁曲试验对含有不同轻组分比例的沥青的软化点、针入度、延度、60℃动力黏度，黏附等级以及不同低温条件下的劲度模量进行了测定，分析了轻组分含量变化对沥青低温性能影响的规律，确定了在保证高温性能的前提下，沥青获得最优低温性能时轻组分的含量。     

Discretely Supported Rails Subjected to Transient Loads

In this paper, the vertical displacement of a railway rail due to a travelling vertical point load of variable intensity is calculated. The model of the track is largely due to Grassie, albeit that the sleepers are modelled more realistically. The rail is modelled as an Euler beam. The most salient features of the paper are that the travelling of the variable load and the irregular discrete support of the sleepers are taken fully into account. The complex Fourier transform is used throughout this paper.     

Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of rail corrugation on the behaviour of rail fastenings

This paper presents the results of a detailed investigation of the effects of rail corrugation on the dynamic behaviour of metro rail fastenings, obtained from extensive experiments conducted on site and from simulations of train–track dynamics. The results of tests conducted with a metro train operating on corrugated tracks are presented and discussed first. A three-dimensional (3D) model of the metro train and a slab track was developed using multi-body dynamics modelling and the finite element method to simulate the effect of rail corrugation on the dynamic behaviour of rail fastenings. In the model, the metro train is modelled as a multi-rigid body system, and the slab track is modelled as a discrete elastic support system consisting of two Timoshenko beams for the rails, a 3D solid finite element (FE) model for the slabs, periodic discrete viscoelastic elements for the rail fastenings that connect the rails to the slabs, and uniformly viscoelastic elements for the subgrade beneath the slabs. The proposed train–track model was used to investigate the effects of rail corrugation on the dynamic behaviour of the metro track system and fastenings. An FE model for the rail fastenings was also developed and was used to calculate the stresses in the clips, some of which rupture under the excitation of rail corrugation. The results of the field experiments and dynamics simulations provide an insight into the root causes of the fracture of the clips, and several remedies are suggested for mitigating strong vibrations and failure of metro rail fastening systems.     

High-speed trains subject to abrupt braking

The dynamic response of high-speed train subject to braking is investigated using the moving element method. Possible sliding of wheels over the rails is accounted for. The train is modelled as a 15-DOF system comprising of a car body, two bogies and four wheels interconnected by spring-damping units. The rail is modelled as a Euler–Bernoulli beam resting on a two-parameter elastic damped foundation. The interaction between the moving train and track-foundation is accounted for through the normal and tangential wheel–rail contact forces. The effects of braking torque, wheel–rail contact condition, initial train speed and severity of railhead roughness on the dynamic response of the high-speed train are investigated. For a given initial train speed and track irregularity, the study revealed that there is an optimal braking torque that would result in the smallest braking distance with no occurrence of wheel sliding, representing a good compromise between train instability and safety.     

沥青混合料级配辅助设计软件的开发

集料级配设计是沥青混合料设计的重要内容,直接影响沥青混合料的质量乃至沥青路面的质量。首先分析了沥青混合料级配设计软件开发的必要性及国内外动态;然后回顾了有关沥青混合料级配的设计理论,并分析和筛选出适用于计算机的级配设计方法;最后,介绍了该混合料级配设计辅助软件的开发思路和过程以及相关功能。     

移动荷载作用下饱和沥青路面动力响应三维有限元分析

沥青路面结构在外界环境作用下是气、液、固三相介质体,水和荷载的耦合作用导致了沥青路面初期损坏的产生,探究其在车辆移动荷栽作用下的动力响应是获知沥青路面结构行为的前提.首先,在沥青路面饱和情况下,作一级合理近似,将其视为流固两相介质.基于多孔介质理论,对于典型半刚性基层沥青路面结构建立了移动荷载作用下的三维有限元模型;而...     

土工织物加筋沥青面层抗裂性能评价试验方法研究

为了能快速、准确地评价土工织物加筋沥青混凝土的抗裂性能,提出了利用冲击韧性评价其抗裂性能的方法。利用冲击韧性试验评价织物加筋沥青混凝土小梁的抗冲击能力,并利用沥青路面自动分析仪（AAPA）来模拟路面车辆荷载作用,通过改进AAPA的模具来评价加筋沥青混凝土抗疲劳能力。利用该试验方法对多种土工织物加筋沥青混凝土进行了评价,比选出了不同土工织物加筋沥青混凝土的抗裂能力。试验结果表明,土工织物加筋沥青混凝土抗反射裂缝的能力明显高于没有加铺土工织物的纯沥青混凝土,不同的土工织物具有不同的抗反射裂缝能力;冲击韧性与AAPA疲劳寿命间有很好的相关性,可以用冲击韧性的试验方法来快速评价土工织物加筋沥青混凝土的抗裂性能。     

湖沥青改性沥青混合料路用性能研究

湖沥青属天然沥青,将其按一定比例掺入基质沥青即为湖沥青改性沥青。为研究湖沥青改性沥青混合料的路用性能,通过室内试验,测试了不同掺量条件下湖沥青改性沥青的基本技术指标;利用车辙试验、小梁弯曲试验、浸水马歇尔和冻融劈裂试验研究了湖沥青改性沥青混合料的高温稳定性、低温抗裂性及水稳定性等路用性能,并与掺加5%SBS的改性沥青及其沥青混合料进行了对比分析。结果表明,湖沥青改性沥青和SBS改性沥青技术指标相当,均具有良好的路用性能;结合具体工程,确定湖沥青的最佳掺量为25%。     

无砟轨道路基动力响应影响因素分析

以双块式无砟轨道路基典型结构为研究对象,分析车辆轴重、结构层间接触条件、轨道结构整体模量、支承层模量和基床表层模量等对路基面动力响应的影响,分析路基动力响应对各参数的敏感性。数值仿真结果表明:在车辆单轴荷载作用下,路基面动应力分布表现为横向均匀、纵向三角形的基本形式;对路基面动应力沿线路纵向分布长度影响的主要因素,是无砟轨道结构的整体刚度、车辆轴重、支承层模量等;结构面间接触状态劣化导致无砟轨道结构刚度的降低和路基面的动压力增大。     

沥青砂胶缓冲层在双层SMA钢桥面铺装体系中的应用研究

沥青砂胶缓冲层在双层SMA钢桥面铺装体系中起着重要的作用.根据其功能要求,通过对沥青性能、混合料性能和组合结构性能的研究,解决了沥青砂胶缓冲层的改性沥青、最佳沥青用量和适宜厚度等问题.     

乳化沥青改性水泥砂浆的试验研究

针对乳化沥青改性水泥砂浆探讨其提高水泥基材料的力学性能，以期能在公路工程中应用。分析研究了乳化沥青对水泥终凝的滞缓作用、改性水泥砂浆的减水作用及抗压强度、抗折强度和动弹性模量，同时分析了乳化沥青的性质及掺加顺序对抗折强度的影响，并简单分析了乳化沥青对水泥砂浆的作用机理。     

Modelling,validation and analysis of a three-dimensional railway vehicle–track system model with linear and nonlinear track properties in the presence of wheel flats

This paper presents dynamic contact loads at wheel–rail contact point in a three-dimensional railway vehicle–track model as well as dynamic response at vehicle–track component levels in the presence of wheel flats. The 17-degrees of freedom lumped mass vehicle is modelled as a full car body, two bogies and four wheelsets, whereas the railway track is modelled as two parallel Timoshenko beams periodically supported by lumped masses representing the sleepers. The rail beam is also supported by nonlinear spring and damper elements representing the railpad and ballast. In order to ensure the interactions between the railpads, a shear parameter beneath the rail beams has also been considered into the model. The wheel–rail contact is modelled using nonlinear Hertzian contact theory. In order to solve the coupled partial and ordinary differential equations of the vehicle–track system, modal analysis method is employed. Idealised Haversine wheel flats with the rounded corner are included in the wheel–rail contact model. The developed model is validated with the existing measured and analytical data available in the literature. The nonlinear model is then employed to investigate the wheel–rail impact forces that arise in the wheel–rail interface due to the presence of wheel flats. The validated model is further employed to investigate the dynamic responses of vehicle and track components in terms of displacement, velocity, and acceleration in the presence of single wheel flat.     

水泥乳化沥青冷再生混合料性能评价

乳化沥青就地冷再生技术近年在我国得到了较多的应用,在研究了乳化沥青冷再生的机理后,通过对比试验确定改性乳化沥青的性能优于普通乳化沥青,然后分析在不同的水泥用量和乳化沥青用量条件下再生混合料的性能变化,以决定乳化沥青用量及水泥用量,试验结果表明改性乳化沥青冷再生混合料具有较好的高温稳定性和水稳定性。     

基于快速拉格朗日的板式无砟轨道路基动力响应研究

将列车荷载简化为一激振力并作为等效轮轴荷载，运用FLAC3D内置的FISH语言编程实现列车荷载的定时、定点施加，从而模拟列车在轨道结构上的移动加载过程。以遂渝线板式无砟轨道路基结构为对象，建立三维动力分析模型，基于FLAC3D计算平台，利用编制的动力加载程序对轨道路基结构进行了动力响应计算，分析了列车移动荷载作用下路基各结构层的动位移、动应力响应特性以及动响应在路基深度范围内的衰减特性，并以基床表层为研究对象，着重考察了其刚度变化对路基动力响应的具体影响。     

列车荷载作用下路基结构动力响应分析

针对秦沈客运专线场地条件,采用有限元-无限元相结合的手段,建立列车荷载作用下路基结构动力反应的有限元数值模型,分析了列车荷载作用下,路基动力响应的分布规律,并探讨了列车速度对路基振动反应的影响规律。结果表明:路基土中竖向动应力幅值随深度增加而迅速衰减;随着列车速度的增加,路基顶面的动应力幅值呈增加趋势;列车荷载对轨道路基的影响主要体现在基床部位,因此对于高速铁路需要对其进行加强。所得结论,为铁路路基设计和加固提供了理论依据。     

路基路面工程中的注浆新技术

介绍沥青路面浅层注浆加固基层及新旧路基结合部预埋柔性管两种注浆新技术,提出其适用范围、施工工艺及注浆效果的检验。对比分析注浆检测结果表明:对水泥路面注浆能很好地治理路面面板脱空,沥青路面基层补强注浆能提高沥青路面基层的整体强度,在新旧路基结合部预埋柔性管注浆能显著降低路基的差异沉降。     

正交异性钢桥面沥青铺装结构特性的研究

利用直线式加速加载试验系统,对12种沥青铺装方案进行了大型直道足尺试验。研究了正交异性钢桥面板的受力特点和动荷载作用下的响应特性,分析了导致钢桥面沥青铺装层产生疲劳破坏形式的原因,指出了现行钢桥面沥青铺装设计存在的主要问题,并针对目前钢桥面沥青铺装设计提出建议。