浅谈船闸重力式靠船墩损毁修复技术

随着船舶大型化,京杭运河苏北段船闸靠船墩损毁严重,本文中对靠船墩损毁现象进行介绍,并结合解台一号船闸上游靠船墩修复实践对套箱法修复靠船墩进行介绍。     

苏北运河船闸靠船墩船撞力的计算研究

本文首先对现有船撞力的计算方法进行了综合对比和评述。然后结合苏北运河段靠船墩的实际情况,对通行船只进行了调查,分别应用规范方法和数值仿真分析手段对京杭运河苏北段靠船墩船撞力进行了分析研究。最后,根据分析结果提出了京杭运河苏北段靠船墩船撞力的取值建议。研究成果可供新建靠船墩的设计及原有靠船墩加固时采用。     

LNG码头靠船墩布置

LNG码头平面设计中,最为重要的是靠船墩位置的设计。针对常规靠船墩位置的设计是按照规范的系数要求选取的,但较难适应所有LNG船型的靠泊。研究如何提高靠船墩对各种LNG船的靠泊适应性：分析LNG船的仓容分布、储罐类型和外型特点,介绍LNG船靠泊准则,并结合某海外1万～22万m3LNG码头工程论述靠船墩的布置。得出如下结论：合理的靠船墩位置不是关于工作平台对称的,而应适当增加船尾方向的靠船墩与工作平台的距离。     

大型蝶形布置油码头靠船墩间距分析

目前规范给出的靠船墩间距取值建议相对简单,当靠泊船型跨度较大时,容易出现下限船型靠泊困难甚至不能靠泊的情况。针对大型蝶形布置油码头靠船墩间距取值问题,通过中外相关规范、指南的对比及与靠泊相关的实船数据统计,结合具体工程对靠船墩间距的影响因素及靠船墩间距上限值进行分析。结果表明,靠船墩布置时应考虑油船压载时的船舶平行体长度、集管中心偏心导致的艏艉平行体长度差等,并将其作为靠船墩间距上限值计算的控制因子。     

船闸靠船墩损坏现状及船舶撞击力计算分析

通过对苏北运河沿线船闸靠船墩使用现状的调查,对船闸靠船墩总体状况进行了评定和分类,并对船舶与墩体的撞击力大小、方向、作用位置进行取值计算分析,从而搞清了靠船墩损坏的基本原因。     

蝶形布置油码头平面设计要点

对港口工程设计中常见的蝶形布置油码头进行研究。结合国内外规范要求,采用对比分析法解析码头长度、系缆墩位置和靠船墩位置3个要点。其中,因为船体平直段相对船中的不对称,靠船墩位置是最为重要的设计内容。系缆墩位置不合理,只会影响缆绳受力均匀性和船舶运动量;而靠船墩位置不合理,会导致设计船型范围内的船舶无法安全靠泊。因此,结合某海外5万~30万t油码头,阐述靠船墩位置设计关键点,供港口工程设计人员参考。     

LNG船舶系泊载荷分析

正0引言LNG码头通常是离岸墩式码头,由靠船墩、系船墩、护舷、工作平台墩、引桥和人行桥等组成。墩台与岸边用引桥连接,墩台之间用人行桥连接,系船墩和靠船墩供LNG船舶系靠,工作平台墩供装卸使用。LNG船舶系泊期间载荷的大小和变化情况,会对船舶和码头设施的安全产生较大影响,因此LNG码头在LNG船舶靠泊前必须分析其系泊载荷,以判     

钢筋混凝土套箱在船闸靠船墩加固维修中的实践应用

靠船墩位于船闸上下游引航道内,是船舶进闸前编排档位、临时停靠的重要助航设施,对船闸安全、畅通运行起到举足轻重的作用。然而受墩体自身结构和船舶可能出现的操作失误等原因,靠船墩容易出现结构性损坏或直接坍塌事故,由于靠船墩位于航道内,四周均为深水,同时要保障船舶正常航行,采取的常规钢围堰或钢板桩围堰维修施工难度较大,代价极高。本文以皂河二号船闸上游靠船墩采用的无底混凝土套箱整体加固维修实践,介绍混凝土套箱在靠船墩加固中的应用技术,套箱不仅作为墩体下部混凝土的防水围堰和模板,还作为靠船墩的永久性结构留在水下,极大提高了墩体的耐久性和防撞能力,也避免了传统钢围堰施工的水下堵漏老大难问题,施工方法简单,同时更加经济高效,为类似工程施工提供借鉴经验。     

非洲某散货码头升级改造设计方案探讨

该粮食码头改扩建项目,原码头结构为装卸平台和靠船墩分离式高桩结构,增大设计船型后,原分离式结构的稳定性和安全性不能满足要求。改造设计中,对装卸平台-靠船墩整体连接方案、靠船墩加桩方案进行对比探讨,采用ANSYS有限元软件进行计算分析,从结构稳定安全,控制造价成本和施工便利等方面进行比选,并推荐装卸平台-靠船墩整体方案,可供类似散货码头项目升级改造提供参考。     

浅析油轮靠船墩间距的确定

根据油轮船型的特点及靠离码头的安全要求，对油轮靠船墩间距与船型等参数间的函数关系进行分析，并给出油轮靠船墩间距的计算实例。     

自升式抛石整平平台船的设计与应用

针对长江口深水航道治理工程恶劣的作业环境,将海上施工平台的概念引用到水下抛石整平施工工艺中,研究的主要内容包括设备的施工作业方式、平台的结构、平台自浮的拖航稳定性、平台支腿靴板对基础的压力、平台升降装置、抛石整平机构及作业时的稳定性等,阐述了平台船的特点和先进性,以及在今后大型水工工程中的应用前景。     

安哥拉某EPC堆场建设管理体会

安哥拉某堆场的建设,遇到地质变化引起软基处理方案变更、施工初期人员设备投入不足导致施工工序不紧凑、当地开山料的选择余地大、设计标准调整等特殊情况.在解决这些问题的过程中,提出现场问题的处理原则、合理选择设计指标、确定检验验收标准的优先顺序、设计服务等问题,供类似项目参考.     

How much can public private partnership really do for urban transport in developing countries?

A few cities in some of the larger developing countries in Latin America and Asia have made increasing use of multi-year concessions or franchises, competitively awarded to private companies, for construction and operation of urban transport infrastructure and for provision of public transport services. In view of the strong prospective growth of developing-country cities with large transport needs, and the rise in the emerging economies of potential new sources of private capital, it is important to see how effective PPP has so far been in this area. The experience is analyzed principally by thorough comparative review of what has actually happened for some of the main users to date: Bogotá, Santiago, São Paulo, Seoul, and several cities in both China and India. Despite delays and mistakes that have been made in development of most of the projects, the overall results, already delivered and in prospect, are very positive and urban public transport is benefiting substantially, with significant side effects on poorer people's access to work and to services, air pollution levels and road accident rates. The widest and most important advantage of the PPP arrangements, as compared with more conventional short-term contracting, is found to be the innovations, technical and managerial, developed, and, in particular, the mutual capacity building of the countries' private and public sectors and their more effective interaction. The experience in the six countries covered suggests that other developing-country cities may be best assisted to develop sound urban transport PPPs more rapidly through provision of help on chosen items among 7 elements that have proved particularly crucial but sometimes weak in the projects reviewed: Civic consultation systems, Land-use/Transport strategic planning, Land/property market management, Monitoring systems, Progressive policies, Economic regulation, and Public institutional framework for PPPs.     

多因素数学模型在温州瓯江口浅滩围涂工程研究中的应用

建立了波浪、潮流、盐度、悬沙、底床冲淤等多种因素数学模型,在模型验证的基础上,对瓯江口温州浅滩围涂工程海区的波浪场、潮流场、盐度场、悬沙场、底床冲淤场进行了数值模拟研究,对温州浅滩围涂工程对瓯江泄洪、瓯江南北口分流比、乐清湾养殖业、瓯江口港口航道及状元岙深水区、南口口外滩地的影响进行了分析论证。分析研究结果表明,温州浅滩围涂工程是可行的。     

基于ARM的嵌入式通讯平台设计

文章介绍了以NXP的ARM7 TDMI内核控制器为核心的嵌入式通讯平台的设计,包括CAN、工业以太网、USB、RS232、RS485、UART、无线等目前流行的各种通讯方式的设计以及液晶显示、触摸屏、按键的硬件设计,给出了比较完整的方案设计和硬件连接,同时对于所采用的操作系统进行了简单介绍。     

焊接工艺的质量分析和质量控制

焊接工艺质量是电子计算机,尤其是军用计算机可靠性的关键。文章对影响焊接工艺质量的各个环节,如焊接机理、焊接要素、焊料、助焊剂、阻焊剂、焊接设备、焊接方法等都进行了分析,从中提出控制质量的措施和办法。这是实际工作经验总结,对提高军工生产质量很有参考价值。     

High-resolution surveys of the biogeochemistry of the New England shelfbreak front during Summer, 2002

We present the observations from a pair of field experiments at the New England shelfbreak front in June and August of 2002, each consisting of 14 cross-frontal surveys using the Lamont Pumping SeaSoar. Measurements of the front's physical, chemical, and bio-optical characteristics were made at high spatial and temporal resolution. The front, based on water-column hydrographic distributions, was found within a few km of the 200 m isobath during both cruises. We present here composite sections, based on averages of individual sections shifted in space to a common frontal location, of the cross-frontal distributions of these properties as a measure of the mean state of the front in both June and August. The observations show the familiar temperature, salinity, and density distributions of the summertime front, dominated by surface thermal heating. Nutrient and bio-optical distributions show the combined effects of water-mass exchange and biological processes. T, S, silicate, and phosphate distributions are suggestive of cross-frontal exchange of slope- and shelf waters, although transport mechanisms and pathways are not apparent. These properties, along with nitrate and optical measures of the suspended particle distributions, show vertical displacements of isopleths as the front is approached: property contours slope upwards toward the front from the shoreward side, and downwards toward the front from the seaward side. Again, actual water-movement pathways are not constrained by these suggestive patterns. Bio-optical distributions show elevated indicators of photosynthetic efficiency both seaward and shoreward of the front, but the front itself is a minimum in biomass. Accumulation of photosynthetic biomass appears to be controlled primarily by nitrate scarcity in waters within and above the pycnocline. At the base of the pycnocline, light limitation appears to be the controlling factor, although the base of the euphotic zone is deeper than the biomass maxima and the base of the pycnocline. Mechanisms explaining this phenomenon are unclear, but tenuous evidence suggests low stratification at the depth of the 1% light level may not allow phytoplankton to optimize for the low-light, high-nutrient conditions at depth. Cross-frontal differences in nutrient and bio-optical parameters, particularly in August, suggest distinct phytoplankton assemblages, and the presence of calcite-forming or nitrogen fixing groups to the community structure, especially in very shallow waters across the front and in pycnocline waters seaward of the front.     

Towards a seascape typology. I. Zipf versus Pareto laws

Two data analysis methods, referred to as the Zipf and Pareto methods, initially introduced in economics and linguistics two centuries ago and subsequently used in a wide range of fields (word frequency in languages and literature, human demographics, finance, city formation, genomics and physics), are described and proposed here as a potential tool to classify space–time patterns in marine ecology. The aim of this paper is, first, to present the theoretical bases of Zipf and Pareto laws, and to demonstrate that they are strictly equivalent. In that way, we provide a one-to-one correspondence between their characteristic exponents and argue that the choice of technique is a matter of convenience. Second, we argue that the appeal of this technique is that it is assumption-free for the distribution of the data and regularity of sampling interval, as well as being extremely easy to implement. Finally, in order to allow marine ecologists to identify and classify any structure in their data sets, we provide a step by step overview of the characteristic shapes expected for Zipf's law for the cases of randomness, power law behavior, power law behavior contaminated by internal and external noise, and competing power laws illustrated on the basis of typical ecological situations such as mixing processes involving non-interacting and interacting species, phytoplankton growth processes and differential grazing by zooplankton.     

Regulation and Approval of Drugs and Pesticides Used in Canadian Salmon Culture

When Canadian salmon farmers find the health of their stock is compromised by infection or disease, the use of drugs or pesticides can be required. In Canada, there is a very limited range of these chemicals legally available to farmers and veterinarians. The formal approval and registration process for these chemotherapeutants is complicated. It involves the overlap of a variety of government departments, depending on the method of application of the therapeutic compound. These formal channels, through which chemotherapeutic products, specifically drugs and pesticides, are licensed for use, are both lengthy and costly to navigate. Often, these costs exceed any potential returns from the sale of the products (OCAD, 2001; Harper, 2002). Consequently, unapproved drugs, which would not normally be available for use, are obtained through alternative channels, which may pose a number of environmental, human, and animal safety concerns. This article seeks to provide a better understanding of the approval process and regulations governing drugs and pesticides and how they are made available for use in Canadian salmon culture.     

常规货船直升机作业区设计和布置要求

根据航运船舶直升机作业区的相关规范、规则,阐述了常规货船直升机操作的分类、直升机作业区的布置位置、直升机作业区的具体要求。此外,还介绍了直升机作业区域内风速及风向的指示、脱险通道、排水设施、障碍物限制、通信信号设施、照明灯光设施、消防设备等其他方面的要求。