排气管喷油再生的DOC辅助DPF系统起喷温度的试验研究

通过发动机台架试验,在固定发动机排气流量的条件下,试验研究了不同柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)前温度、排气尾管燃油喷射速率、贵金属(PGM)涂层含量时,DOC的碳氢化合物(HC)转化性能;得出DOC性能的变化规律、起喷温度的标定方法、PGM涂层含量对DOC催化器的影响规律。试验结果表明:随着DOC前温度的升高,DOC的HC转化能力增强,碳氢泄漏现象减弱。可通过标定达到柴油机颗粒捕集器(DPF)目标再生温度所需的DOC前温度(起喷温度)随喷油速率的脉谱图确定尾管喷射再生系统的起喷温度。随着喷油速率的增大,起喷温度先逐渐降低,然后缓慢上升。PGM涂层含量增大,DOC的HC转化能力增强,达到DPF目标再生温度所需要的起喷温度减小。PGM涂层含量为A和Bg/L时,达到目标温度所需的最低起喷温度为240~244℃。     

柴油机微粒捕集器催化再生技术

柴油机微粒捕集器（DPF）能降低柴油机的微粒（PM）排放量,文章提出了DPF催化再生技术方案,将氧化催化器（DOC）与DPF相结合,通过DOC催化氧化未燃HC等来提高排气温度达到微粒着火温度500～600℃,点燃微粒从而完成再生过程。以YN4100QB–1A柴油机为研究对象,对不同喷油量下的DPF升温特性进行了试验研究,试验结果表明：当喷油量大于60mL/min时,再生系统能迅速将排气温度提高到500℃以上。可变喷油量的喷油控制方案可使DPF升温平缓,降低再生造成的二次污染。     

柴油机DOC辅助DPF再生燃油喷射规律的优化

为了有效降低柴油机颗粒捕集器(DPF)再生过程产生的二次污染物,优化了催化氧化反应器(DOC)辅助DPF再生的燃油喷射规律。采用AMESim建立了DOC和DPF模型,在Simulink中建立了发动机排放和DPF再生控制模型,将两个软件耦合搭建联合仿真平台。对模型进行了验证,提出了先缓后急的燃油喷射规律。结果表明:660是较为理想的DPF再生温度,优化后的燃油喷射规律能够大幅降低DPF再生的二次污染。     

利用柴油机尾气后处理技术实现欧Ⅳ排放标准的试验研究

以某4缸增压直喷柴油机为样机,利用专业试验台架,在优化喷油提前角和EGR阀开度的前提下,联合利用氧化催化器(DOC)及微粒氧化催化转化器(POC)技术对柴油机尾气排放进行了试验研究,并总结了DOC和POC技术对柴油机排放的影响规律.试验结果表明,通过优化喷油提前角及EGR阀开度,并且选择正确的DOC与POC的布置形式,...     

满足国五排放标准轻型柴油车排放后处理的工作原理及标定

本文提出了DOC+DPF的后处理技术路线以满足国五排放标准轻型柴油车排放,而为了满足排放DPF面临的最大挑战就是再生问题,本文采用缸内后喷升温方式实现DPF主动再生,并通过台架标定及整车标定优化了DOC、DPF上游温度的控制,并通过试验标定优化了DPF再生过程燃烧模型,满足DPF整车再生。     

柴油机氧化催化器喷油助燃特性研究

基于发动机台架开展了柴油机氧化催化转化器(DOC)喷油助燃特性试验,研究分析了尾管喷油时DOC温升及对尾气后处理系统排放特性的影响.研究结果表明:尾管喷油能够使DOC在100 s内迅速升温,温升幅度随转速的升高而降低,并且来流温度越高、转速越高,温升速度就越快.为保证柴油机颗粒捕集器(DPF)前有足够高的温度,应对排气温度、空速、喷油脉宽进行合理的控制.在柴油喷射前,总碳氢(THC)排放浓度均接近零,在柴油喷射的瞬间,THC浓度飙升,高排气温度、低空速、小喷油量有利于控制碳氢泄漏,同时柴油喷射会降低NO2产率.     

柴油车排气后处理装置性能试验研究

对氧化催化转化器(DOC)和柴油机颗粒过滤器(DPF)进行了性能试验研究.分析了DOC对柴油车排放的影响规律;对DPF的压降特性和过滤性能进行了试验.最后还讨论了DPF再生过程中的安全问题.     

一种基于神经网络的氧化催化器出口温度控制方法

氧化催化器(DOC)出口温度控制是实现颗粒捕集器(DPF)主动再生控制的关键。本文介绍一种基于神经网络的氧化催化器出口温度控制方法,首先结合DOC系统的实际特征以及DOC传热及化学反应特性建立了一阶延迟DOC出口温度模型,然后在温度模型基础上基于神经网络建立了DOC出口温度预测模型,最后将DOC出口温度预测值作为闭环反馈输入建立反馈控制器计算HC喷射量进而控制DOC出口温度。本方法采用整车试验中连续变化工况来验证,试验结果表明DOC出口温度在DPF再生过程中控制在600±20℃范围内,满足DPF精确再生控制要求。     

低温等离子体喷射系统降低排放及再生DPF的试验研究

通过建立低温等离子体(NTP)喷射系统试验台架,研究了NTP反应器产生的活性物质对柴油机HC,NOx,PM排放的转化效果,并研究了对DPF的再生效果。研究结果表明:当柴油机在低速小负荷工况运行时,排气温度较低,NTP反应器产生的O3,O等活性物质主要将柴油机NOx排放物中的NO部分氧化为NO2;当柴油机高速大负荷工况运行时,活性物质对排气中HC,PM的氧化作用加强,将额外生成CO,同时实现对DPF的连续再生。     

基于柴油机排气热管理的喷油策略控制试验研究

为有效满足柴油机中低转速、中小负荷工况下颗粒捕集器(DPF)主动再生时的工作温度需求,利用发动机台架试验研究了中低负荷稳态工况下主喷正时、近后喷及次后喷参数等排气热管理主动控制措施对缸内燃烧过程、排气热状态及排放性能的影响规律。稳态试验结果表明:推迟主喷提前角缩短了滞燃期,燃烧持续期延长,缸内最高燃烧压力及峰值温度下降,瞬时放热率峰值减小且燃烧重心后移,同时燃油消耗率及烟度略有增加,DOC入口温度提升也不明显;引入近后喷使得缸内最高燃烧压力降低,但放热率第二峰值及后燃期有所增加,近后喷油量与主-近后喷间隔角的合理匹配能适当提高DOC入口温度,最高增幅可达19.3%,同时也能有效改善NOx排放和烟度;次后喷油量的增加能显著提升DPF入口温度,最大增幅达70%,但会导致燃油消耗率及HC逃逸量增加。依据样机全工况排温分布状态提出各区域升温喷油控制策略:低负荷区域采用"近后喷+次后喷"的喷油组合,并且采用较大喷油量;中大负荷区域逐渐减少近后喷,直至无近后喷,同时将主喷适当提前。     

采用燃烧器+氧化催化器的柴油机微粒捕集器复合再生控制策略的研究

设计了一种车载全流式燃烧器,从增压柴油机的涡轮增压器取出新鲜空气,从回油管路取油供给燃烧;将该装置安装在排气管尾端使捕集器进行再生.在燃烧器和捕集器之间增加氧化催化器,实现了在发动机所有稳态工况下捕集器的复合再生.在排气背压的再生控制策略基础上,根据经验公式对背压值进行温度修正,将三维背压MAP简化为二维,提出"恒温定时"的复合再生控制策略,分析了控制策略在不同工况区域的运用,给出了再生过程分析实例.对既定的控制策略进行了实车试验,结果表明微粒排放达到了国Ⅳ标准.     

共轨柴油机排气后处理系统实时仿真模型

柴油机从欧Ⅲ排放标准发展到欧Ⅳ排放标准需要增加排气后处理系统,对排气后处理系统的建模和仿真将是欧Ⅳ柴油机控制系统开发流程中的重要环节。介绍了排气后处理系统的发展状况,针对柴油机控制系统开发建立了排气后处理系统模型,包括氧化催化器和微粒过滤器两个模块,模型根据能量守恒和化学动力学原理建立。对后处理模型进行了硬件在环仿真,对微粒过滤器的再生策略进行了分析。     

Comparison of fuel efficiency and exhaust emissions between the aged and new DPF systems of Euro 5 diesel passenger car

This study was conducted to examine the impact of aged and new DPF systems of the Euro 5 diesel passenger car on fuel efficiency and exhaust emissions. Test diesel vehicle used in this study was equipped with diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and diesel particulate filter (DPF) as aftertreatment systems, and satisfied the Euro-5 emissions standard. The displacement volume of engine was 1.6 L and the cumulative mileage was 167,068 km before the test. The FTP-75 test procedure was used, and the time resolved and weight based exhaust emissions of total hydrocarbon (THC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were measured. The results show that the vehicle with the new DPF system has lower emissions of THC, CO and NOx than the aged one, and fuel efficiency also increased about 5 percent. The aged DPF system had higher backpressure due to the particulate matter (mostly in the form of ash) accumulated in the DPF. As was shown in the analysis using X-CT (X-ray computer tomography), the aged DPF system had particulate matter (PM) accumulated to a length of 46.6 mm. In addition, a component analysis of PM through XRF (X-ray fluorescence) analysis found that 50 % or more of the components consisted of the P, S, Ca, and Zn.     

Computational study on the effects of volume ratio of DOC/DPF and catalyst loading on the PM and NOx emission control for heavy-duty diesel engines

The use of a diesel particulate filter (DPF) in a diesel aftertreatment system has proven to be an effective and efficient method for removing particulate matter (PM) in order to meet more stringent emission regulations without hurting engine performance. One of the favorable PM regeneration technologies is the NO₂-assisted regeneration method due to the capability of continuous regeneration of PM under a much lower temperature than that of thermal regeneration. In the present study, the thermal behavior of the monolith during regeneration and the conversion efficiency of NO₂ from NO with an integrated exhaust system of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and DPF have been predicted by one-channel numerical simulation. The simulation results of the DOC, DPF, and integrated DOC-DPF models are compared with experimental data to verify the accuracy of the present model for the integrated DOC and DPF modeling. The effects of catalyst loading inside the DOC and the volume ratio between the DOC and DPF on the pressure drop, the conversion efficiency, and the oxidation rate of PM, have been numerically investigated. The results indicate that the case of the volume ratio of ‘DOC/DPF=1.5’ within the same diameter of both monoliths produced close to the maximum conversion efficiency and oxidation rate of PM. Under the engine operating condition of 175 kW at 2200 rpm, 100% load with a displacement of 8.1, approximately 55 g/ft³ of catalyst (Pt) loading inside the DOC with the active Pt surface of 5.3 m²/g_pt was enough to maximize the conversion efficiency and oxidation rate of PM.     

柴油机微粒捕集器定工况主动再生条件的试验研究

柴油机尾气后处理系统采用仅安装氧化催化转化器方案,通过试验确定了柴油机微粒捕集器定工况主动再生时所需的入口条件,通过对发动机不同工况排气温度的测量确定了微粒捕集器定工况主动再生的发动机工况点,得出了主动再生时排气管中所需喷入液化石油气的喷射脉宽.试验中氧化催化转化器对HC的转化效率达到了90%以上,满足了再生期间对催化...     

满足国Ⅴ排放的重型柴油机排气后处理技术

研究了国外重型发动机在欧Ⅳ到欧Ⅴ阶段(或US2007到US2010)的技术路线,并探讨国内重型柴油机达到国Ⅴ排放可采用的排气后处理技术方案。由于柴油机排放物PM与NOx存在折中效应,为达到国Ⅴ排放标准,应采用组合式后处理技术。在各种后处理技术方案中,SCR+DOC+DPF/POC和EGR+DOC+DPF是两种主要的技术措施,而LNT+DOC+DPF技术对排气中的S特别敏感。     

Carbon Deposit Incineration During Engine Flameout Using Non-Thermal Plasma Injection

In order to investigate the influence of initial regeneration temperatures on diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration, an experimental study of DPF regeneration was implemented using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor, aided by exhaust waste heat after engine flameout. DPF trapping characteristics and carbon deposit mass were discussed to facilitate further data analysis and calculation. DPF regeneration was then investigated by comparison analysis of deposit removal mass, backpressure drop, and internal temperature change. The results revealed that a large amount of particulate matter (PM) was deposited in DPF with a high filtration efficiency of about 90 %. The deposit removal rate and percentage drop of the backpressure both maximized at the initial temperature of 100 °C. During DPF regeneration, the sharp rise of internal temperature indicated vigorous PM incineration and high CO₂ emission. The results successfully demonstrated DPF regeneration using non-thermal plasma injection during engine flameout, and prominent heat durability was achieved in this method.