高速公路隧道突发事件应急管理研究

高速公路隧道应急管理研究目的在于完善隧道应急管理体制,在应急救援过程中提高应急救援效率,尽可能的减少人民群众生命财产损失。文章分析了应急管理体系、应急预案、应急演练以及应急新闻发布方面存在的问题,并提出灵活组合使用四种应急处置机制、加强应急救援演练等建议。     

汽车自燃的预防与紧急处理

随着经济的发展,汽车逐渐普及,汽车自燃因危害巨大,越来越受到人们的关注。本文系统地分析汽车自燃的原因,并阐述了五个方面的预防措施,以及发生自燃后,如何紧急处理减少损失。     

汽车紧急制动响应的分析

汽车紧急制动时,制动力矩、制动减速度、车速、车体俯倾角及其角加速度与时间呈非线性关系。本文对BJ212轻型越野汽车满载紧急制动进行了试验,以试验结果为依据,讨论了汽车紧急制动时诸参数之间的关系。其结论是:在瞬变过程中,制动减速度及车体俯倾角加速度与其制动初速度无关;在平稳过程中,制动减速度及车体俯倾角加速度随制动初速度增大而减小,而且大致成线性关系。     

地铁突发事故的防范与处理探讨

地铁作为城市繁荣的标志,推动着经济发展与人才的汇集。然而其空间限制、人员密度大等特点成为突发事故的主要"诱因",突发事故的爆发导致人员及财产的双重损失,对城市的社会和国际地位产生负面影响。所以做好突发事故的防范与处理,降低突发事故发生概率十分重要。文章通过对国内外地铁事故进行分析、总结,得出防范措施与处理方法,为地铁的安全运营提供参考依据。     

汽车防落水电动车窗装置的设计与实现

本文针对汽车的电动车窗控制电路进行了优化设计,旨在解决该控制电路在一旦汽车落水的情况下普遍突然失灵的尴尬。其优化设计思路是寻求绕开损坏的电动车窗元器件,另外启动一条抗震且密封性良好的回路,由电瓶直接驱动电动车窗升降器电机,一键降落电动车窗玻璃。新的回路由多个传感器、ECU、备用充电电源以及紧急按钮开关等组成,具有良好的抗震性和密封性。本设计在几家汽车改装店对多款中低端汽车进行了测试安装,并将汽车的电动车窗从不同高度投入水中进行实验调试,试验效果良好。     

山区公路避险车道设计

避险车道作为一种不得已而为之的被动应急措施,就是专为失控车辆紧急避险、安全停车而设置的休止车道。结合国内外参考文献、作者完成的避险车道设计文件,系统地总结了避险车道的设置必要性、设置位置、几何结构参数、配套交通与安全设施等等。     

重型汽车低附着路面制动稳定性的仿真研究

文章利用trucksim重型汽车动力学仿真软件,对六轮双轴重型汽车在低附着路面左右车轮附着系数不一致情况下进行紧急制动的行驶工况进行了仿真研究。研究结果表明在低附着路面进行紧急制动时,对制动轮进行制动压力控制,有ABS控制的重型汽车比没有ABS控制的重型汽车具有更好地行驶稳定性。但在低附着路面上,有ABS控制的重型汽车比没有ABS控制的重型汽车的制动距离增加了很多,这对重型汽车的行车安全性非常不利。     

基于TSIS仿真的广深沿江高速公路（深圳段）雨天交通疏散模型

广深沿江高速公路（深圳段）以其重要的地理位置和严酷的自然气候条件,给公路运营管理部门如何对其进行有效监督管理提出了较高要求。对广深沿江高速公路（深圳段）所处路网网络特性进行了分析,确定疏散点及备选线路,并通过TSIS仿真软件对其在雨天条件下的交通疏散方案进行建模,优化了广深沿江高速公路（深圳段）在恶劣天气条件下交通组织管理上的灵活性和机动性。     

加筋格宾挡墙在怀化至通道（湘桂界）高速公路避险车道中的应用

加筋格宾挡墙作为一种新型的柔性支挡结构,因其环保性能突出,应用前景广阔。结合怀通高速公路工程实例,介绍了加筋格宾挡墙的工作原理、技术特点、施工步骤,并采用Macstars2000软件对其稳定性进行了分析计算。     

车载直流应急电源的研发

汽车蓄电池由于各种原因,经常出现亏电而不能启动的情况,随车电源是应急的首选,而目前有些随车充电设备中电池有热失控缺陷,会造成遇高温爆炸的风险,因此研究和开发便携的、安全的车载直流应急电源是有市场应用价值,该设备有永磁电机、变速机构、显示部分和辅助功能四个部分组成,优点是快速可靠的充电又不会产生危险。     

Analyzing travel time reliability and its influential factors of emergency vehicles with generalized extreme value theory

Travel time reliability is very critical for emergency vehicle (EV) service and operation. The travel time characteristics of EVs are quite different from those of ordinary vehicles (OVs). Although EVs own highest road privilege, they may still experience unexpected delay that results in massive loss to the society. In this study, we employ the generalized extreme value (GEV) theory to measure extremely prolonged travel time and analyze the potential influential factors. First, among three GEV distributions, Weibull distributions are found to be the best distribution model according to several goodness-of-fit tests; a new reliability index is derived to measure travel time reliability. Numerical examples demonstrate the advantages of GEV-based reliability index over variance and percentile value in the applications of EV. This index will be of great practicability in the EV operation performance and reliable route choices. Second, we further investigate the potentially influential factors of EV travel time reliability. Results show that link length and left-turn traffic volume may have an adverse impact on the link reliability while more left-turn lanes may increase the travel time reliability. The influential factor study will help us understand the causes of the EV travel time delay and the differences of travel time reliability between OVs and EVs.     

Learning from traffic data collected before,during and after a hurricane

Hurricanes harm people and damage property through extreme wind speeds and flooding associated with heavy rains and storm surge. One of the most effective and widely used tactics to protect people from hurricanes is evacuation. Improved knowledge of the behavior of communities before, during and after an evacuation can better support emergency planning and operations, and thus help make evacuations safer and more efficient. The objective of this work is to identify ways to use traffic data to better understand evacuation behavior and to explore ways to integrate traffic data into evacuation planning and response. Traffic data collected in Delaware before, during and after Hurricane Irene in August 2011 using automated traffic recorders are assembled and analyzed. The analysis shows that a significant number of residents and visitors evacuated from the beach communities and the evacuation patterns are very similar to the traffic patterns experienced on summer weekends. These insights suggest that this type of analysis may also be of value for other events in other communities.     

T460型汽车安全带紧急锁止性能试验台的研制

为快速检验和评价汽车安全带的紧急锁止性能，研制了Ｔ４６０型汽车安全带紧急锁止性能试验台。介绍了该试验台的主要结构设计及工作原理。该试验台采用了微型计算机控制系统、气浮导轨机构以及气动和电动相结合的自动化技术，使得试验台具有自动测试，数据自动采集、存储、处理和曲线自动绘制及打印等多项功能。     

Developing a chaotic pattern of dynamic Hazmat routing problem

The present paper proposes an iterative procedure based on chaos theory on dynamic risk definition to determine the best route for transporting hazardous materials (Hazmat). In the case of possible natural disasters, the safety of roads may be seriously affected. So the main objective of this paper is to simultaneously improve the travel time and risk to satisfy the local and national authorities in the transportation network. Based on the proposed procedure, four important risk components including accident information, population, environment, and infrastructure aspects have been presented under linguistic variables. Furthermore, the extent analysis method was utilized to convert them to crisp values. To apply the proposed procedure, a road network that consists of fifty nine nodes and eighty two-way edges with a pre-specified affected area has been considered. The results indicate that applying the dynamic risk is more appropriate than having a constant risk. The application of the proposed model indicates that, while chaotic variables depend on the initial conditions, the most frequent path will remain independent. The points that would help authorities to come to the better decision when they are dealing with Hazmat transportation route selection.     

简述汽车行人保护的现状与发展方向

近年来汽车碰撞安全的发展一日千里。但相对于日臻完善乘员保护研究,对行人的保护在过去并没有受到同等的重视。为此,欧洲自2005年开始把行人保护要求视为车辆设计必须考虑的因素。本文将从各个方面简要介绍汽车工业在行人保护上的发展现状,面临的挑战及未来可能的发展方向。     

A path-following driver–vehicle model with neuromuscular dynamics,including measured and simulated responses to a step in steering angle overlay

An existing driver–vehicle model with neuromuscular dynamics is improved in the areas of cognitive delay, intrinsic muscle dynamics and alpha–gamma co-activation. The model is used to investigate the influence of steering torque feedback and neuromuscular dynamics on the vehicle response to lateral force disturbances. When steering torque feedback is present, it is found that the longitudinal position of the lateral disturbance has a significant influence on whether the driver’s reflex response reinforces or attenuates the effect of the disturbance. The response to angle and torque overlay inputs to the steering system is also investigated. The presence of the steering torque feedback reduced the disturbing effect of torque overlay and angle overlay inputs. Reflex action reduced the disturbing effect of a torque overlay input, but increased the disturbing effect of an angle overlay input. Experiments on a driving simulator showed that measured handwheel angle response to an angle overlay input was consistent with the response predicted by the model with reflex action. However, there was significant intra- and inter-subject variability. The results highlight the significance of a driver’s neuromuscular dynamics in determining the vehicle response to disturbances.     

预应力曲线箱梁和异形箱梁的研究

近年来 ,国内外学者对曲线箱梁和异形箱梁的静力分析理论和计算方法作过大量的研究 ,但这些理论和方法在某种程度上都存在着一定的局限性 ,特别是在实际设计工作中 ,运用起来不能得心应手。为此本文在综合前人已取得经验下 ,针对桥梁结构设计中分析曲线箱梁、异形箱梁 ,经常遇到的难题进行了研究 ,建立一个较为完善的理论和方法 ,编制了等参元空间分析程序。在实际工程中进行实桥试验 ,验证了本文理论和方法的正确性。本文的研究工作更准确描述了箱梁的荷载响应 ,为设计人员提供直观的设计依据。对曲线箱梁和异形箱梁受力特性有了更一步的理解 ,并提出了新的见解     

混凝土施工中裂缝的防治措施及处理办法

混凝土的推广使用已有一个世纪,目前在现代工程建设中仍占有重要的地位。而在今天,混凝土的裂缝较为普遍,在桥梁工程中裂缝几乎无所不在,尽管我们在施工中采取各种各样的措施,但收效甚微,裂缝仍然时有出现。该文指出,究其原因,人们对混凝土温度变化所产生的应力注意不够是其中之一,尤其是大体积混凝土。对此,温度应力与温度控制具有重要的意义。