Engineering design optimization based on intelligent response surface methodology

An intelligent response surface methodology （IRSM） was proposed to achieve the most competitive metal forming products, in which artificial intelligence technologies are introduced into the optimization process. It is used as simple and inexpensive replacement for computationally expensive simulation model. In IRSM, the optimal design space can be reduced greatly without any prior information about function distribution. Also, by identifying the approximation error region, new design points can be supplemented correspondingly to improve the response surface model effectively. The procedure is iterated until the accuracy reaches the desired threshold value. Thus, the global optimization can be performed based on this substitute model. Finally, we present an optimization design example about roll forming of a ＂U＂ channel product.     

Robust intelligent control design for marine diesel engine

This work deals with the nonlinear control of a marine diesel engine by use of a robust intelligent control strategy based on cerebellar model articulation controller （CMAC）. A mathematical model of diesel engine propulsion system is presented. In order to increase the accuracy of dynamical speed, the mathematical model of engagement process based on the law of energy conservation is proposed. Then, a robust cerebellar model articulation controller is proposed for uncertain nonlinear systems. The concept of active disturbance rejection control （ADRC） is adopted so that the proposed controller has more robustness against uncertainties. Finally, the proposed controller is applied to engine speed control system. Both the model of the diesel engine propulsion system and of the control law are validated by a virtual detailed simulation environment. The prediction capability of the model and the control efficiency are clearly shown.     

双向双车道超车行为的智能车队间隙控制优化

建立了双向双车道环境下单车超越车队模型, 分析了影响双向双车道超车危险区域范围的主要因素; 设计了分步式单车超越车队算法, 研究了安全间隙前后车速度、超车车辆入队速度与车队安全间隙范围四者之间的关系, 提出了车辆入队所需最小安全间隙的速度匹配方案; 建立了单车超越车队算法的目标函数, 设定最大允许超车时间内超车车辆与车队行驶距离最大, 超车车辆超越车队车辆数最多, 前、后车形成安全间隙过程中加速度、减速度最小; 提出了基于改进粒子群的分级约束多目标优化方法, 为单车超越车队算法中的三级车速引导提供了优化的速度引导方案。研究结果表明: 双向双车道环境下超车危险区域范围与车队车辆数及对向车辆行驶速度成正相关关系; 改进的粒子群优化算法相比传统算法具有更强的鲁棒性和更快的收敛速度, 平均收敛时间缩短39.2%;在分步式单车超越车队过程中, 车队车辆平均速度提升9.04%, 即在车队间隙生成过程中, 虽然部分车辆速度减小, 但车队整体平均速度得到提升; 超车车辆平均速度提升16.8%, 即在超车过程中, 不仅超车车辆的安全性得到保证, 其运行效率也得到提升。     

土钉加固路堑边坡设计新思路

土钉结构是用以加固公路路堑边坡的一种较好的方法 ,在国外的公路边坡加固工程中得到了广泛的应用 .本文分析了传统土钉支护设计方法的不足 ,提出了土钉加固路堑边坡设计新方法的思路 ,其目的是为工程应用提供理论依据     

高速列车波纹外地板低噪声优化设计

基于混合有限元-统计能量法及周期子结构原理, 建立了高速列车波纹外地板声学特性仿真模型, 根据波纹外地板结构的传递损失评价隔声性能, 分析了波纹板结构、波纹板加上板结构、波纹板加下板结构和波纹板加夹板结构在不同腹板倾角下的隔声性能。计算结果表明: 波纹板和波纹板加上板结构在各个角度的隔声量都明显高于其他两种结构; 波纹板加下板结构隔声效果最差, 波纹板加上板结构隔声效果最好, 两者在腹板倾角为55°时隔声量差值为6.9 dB。通过隔声量分析, 得出了不同频率噪声下的腹板倾角和结构的最佳组合, 为高速列车波纹外地板低噪声结构设计提供依据。     

A novel approach to design robust fault detection filter for networked control systems

In this paper, an approach for designing robust fault detection filter (RFDF) of networked control systems (NCSs) with unknown inputs is studied. The design aims at implementing the optimal trade-off between robustness of unknown inputs (including the item produced by networked-induced delay) and sensitivity of fault. The key design issue is to introduce an optimal fault detection filter based on NCSs with the control law compensation as the reference residual model of NCSs and to formulate the RFDF design as a model-matching problem. By applying H _∞ optimization technique, linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach is given to solve the model-matching problem. The validity of the proposed approach is shown by a numerical example.      

加筋土路堤稳定可靠性设计的分项系数优化

为了完善加筋土路堤极限状态设计方法, 分析了加筋土路堤稳定可靠性设计的分项系数。基于大量工程实测资料和文献资料的统计分析, 初步确定了填料密度、填料粘聚力、填料内摩擦角、汽车荷载、筋材抗拉强度、筋土似摩擦系数和路基几何参数等参数不定性系数的统计结果和概率分布模型。针对加筋土路堤的筋材拉断、筋材拔出、基底滑动以及整体滑动4种失效模式, 按照抗力最小二乘原理, 优化得到了相应的恒载分项系数、活载分项系数与抗力分项系数。计算结果表明: 实例工程在4种失效模式下的总抗力均大于总恒载与总活载之和, 同时安全系数均满足规范要求。可见, 优化得到的分项系数合理。     

A modified genetic algorithm for product family optimization with platform specified by information theoretical approach

Many existing product family design methods assume a given platform, However, it is not an in-tuitive task to select the platform and unique variable within a product family. Meanwhile, most approachesare single-platform methods, in which design variables are either shared across all product variants or not atall. While in multiple-platform design, platform variables can have special value with regard to a subset ofproduct variants within the product family, and offer opportunities for superior overall design. An informationtheoretical approach incorporating fuzzy clustering and Shannon's entropy was proposed for platform variablesselection in multiple-platform product family. A 2-level chromosome genetic algorithm (2LCGA) was proposedand developed for optimizing the corresponding product family in a single stage, simultaneously determiningthe optimal settings for the product platform and unique variables. The single-stage approach can yield im-provements in the overall performance of the product family compared with two-stage approaches, in which thefirst stage involves determining the best settings for the platform and values of unique variables are found foreach product in the second stage. An example of design of a family of universal motors was used to verify theproposed method.     

连续交通网络设计的全局双层多项式优化模型

提出了一种面向典型连续交通网络设计问题的全局双层多项式优化模型,其函数均为多项式,且下层问题为凸问题;上层问题旨在优化网络性能,下层问题用来刻画确定性用户均衡(DUE)交通流模式;利用Fritz John条件和乘子代替下层规划,将提出的双层多项式优化模型转换为等价单层优化问题,并利用矩半定规划(MSDP)方法得到其全局最优解;利用矩矩阵的秩作为保证全局最优性的充分条件,并估计全局最优解的个数;给出了最优道路收费问题的数值算例,用提出的双层多项式优化模型描述了算例中的最优道路收费问题,并通过Wardrop用户均衡约束调整现有路段上的交通流量,使总通行费收益最大化。研究结果表明：该简单算例的最大收益为13.5元,同时可以得到该算例的矩矩阵的秩为1,从而证明了该结果的全局最优性,提出的方法克服了均衡约束数学规划(MPEC)法和值函数法等现有求解双层优化问题的经典算法由于连续交通网络设计固有的非凸性,只能找到局部最优的问题;提出的全局双层多项式优化模型与算法为典型连续交通网络设计提供了更好的探索工具。     

Topology optimization design and strength analysis of the hoist bracket for rescue helicopters

The hoist bracket links the rescue hoist with the helicopter cabin, and its structure design greatly affects the operation convenience and safety of the hoistman and lifeguard in the rescue process with a helicopter.This paper firstly builds the force model of the hoist and bracket, and gives five kinds of typical working conditions as the design ones of the bracket. Then this paper puts forward a design process of the hoist bracket based on the topology optimization and strength analysis with the 3D modeling and finite element analysis. This design process can make the bracket’s structure lightweight by achieving the optimal material layout under the conditions of maximizing the static stiffness or minimizing the compliance of the bracket. And this improves the dynamic performance of the helicopter, and reduces the fuel consumption and cost under the strength constraints. Finally,taking the design of the hoist bracket used in a rescue helicopter as an example, this paper illustrates the proposed model and method. The analysis results show that the mass of the hoist bracket decreases by 12.5% while the static stiffness of the hoist bracket is achieved. The optimization design results meet the strength requirements of the hoist.     

高速列车牵引变压器悬挂参数动态优化设计

为了优化牵引变压器悬挂参数, 建立了车辆设备21自由度刚柔耦合系统模型, 并基于新型快速显式数值积分法求解了车辆和牵引变压器的振动响应; 计算了车辆系统在不同速度等级下的舒适度指标和设备振动烈度, 确定了变压器最优悬挂频率; 建立了变压器数学模型与车辆设备刚柔耦合模型, 结合最优悬挂频率、振动烈度、舒适度指标、隔振器动态作用力以及变压器悬挂模态与车辆地板局部模态匹配指标对隔振器参数在动态条件下进行多目标优化, 计算了牵引变压器隔振器最优参数。研究结果表明: 当牵引变压器悬挂频率比为0.82~0.98时, 车辆舒适度低于2, 设备振动烈度低于4.5mm·s-1, 满足相关规范要求; 经过优化最终确定第1组隔振器垂向刚度、三组隔振器刚度比、每组隔振器三向刚度比分别为2 142N·mm-1、1∶1.3∶2.5、1.7∶0.5∶1, 与变压器原始悬挂方案相比优化后变压器振动烈度最大降低42% (在速度高于200km·h-1条件下), 车辆一位端、中部、二位端舒适度指标平均提升3.53%、3.45%、2.01%, 第1、4隔振器垂向作用力平均降低13.3%, 第2、5隔振器垂向作用力平均降低3.8%, 第3、6隔振器垂向作用力平均降低20.9%。可见, 优化后车辆舒适度、设备振动烈度和隔振器垂向动态作用力均有较好改善。     

三维结构多频拓扑优化设计研究

基于ESO方法并结合工程实际的需要,对三维结构的多频率优化进行了研究.建立了多频优化模型,导出了结构多频率优化灵敏度公式, 给出了优化迭代步骤和衡量优化效率的性能指标,并采用灵敏度重分析技术减少了计算工作量.给出的算例显示了本研究方法的正确性和有效性.     

基于遗传算法的汽车动力传动系匹配设计变量优化

汽车动力性、燃料经济性是汽车最重要、最基本的性能,优良的汽车动力性、经济性很大程度上取决于汽车动力传动系统的合理匹配.本论文运用优化设计的思想,采用了世界上较为先进的遗传算法对汽车动力传动系统进行合理的匹配,计算结果表明,遗传算法在汽车动力性、经济性参数优化问题上是一种行之有效的方法.从而达到从根本上提高汽车的动力、经济性能,避免设计阶段的盲目性、缩短产品开发研制时间的目的.     

A new approach to inspect the internal pressure of vacuum switchgear

A new approach is developed to inspect the internal pressure within the vacuum switchgear by no means of magnet-exciting coil, micro-discharge threshold voltage Ud and field emission threshold voltage Ue, all of which are available in laboratory. Experimental results show that internal pressure is a function of the ratio of the micro-discharge threshold voltage to the field emission threshold voltage i.e., Ud/Ue. By this method, the internal pressure in the range of 100-10-4 Pa within vacuum chambers can be inspected without magnet-exciting coil which is required in conventional magnetron discharge method.     

Particle swarm approach for structural optimization of battleship strength deck under air blast

This paper presents the implementation and application of a modified particle swarm optimization （PSO） method with dynamic adaption for optimum design of a battleship strength deck subjected to non-contact explosion. The numerical simulation process is modified to be more computationally efficient so that the task is realizable. The input variables are the thickness of plates and the dimensions of stiffeners, and the total structural mass is chosen as the fitness value. In another case, the response surface method （RSM） is introduced and combined with PSO （PSO-RSM）, and the results are compared with those obtained by the traditional PSO approach. It is indicated that the PSO method can be well applied in the optimum design of explosion-loaded deck structures and the PSO-RSM methodology can rapidly yield optimum designs with sufficient accuracy.     

基于制动系统的CST电控系统智能设计

为解决制动系统突然失灵给汽车行车安全带来的隐患,构建了一种基于制动系统的螺纹剪切式汽车碰撞吸能装置电子控制系统.以单片机AT89S51为控制核心,用加速度传感器ADXL202实时监测到汽车的制动减速度,并将其与设定好的制动减速度门限值作比较,从而判定制动系统是否失效.若制动系统失效,电控系统便立即控制执行机构直流电动机瞬间将螺纹剪切式汽车碰撞吸能装置的冲击杆全部推出,以应对所有可能的危险.系统软件编程采用C51高级语言,并利用Keil与Proteus软件对系统进行了软硬件的调试及联调仿真.仿真证实了所设计的电子控制系统的可行性.该系统能自动控制螺纹剪切式汽车碰撞吸能装置,实现了螺纹剪切式汽车碰撞吸能装置的智能化.     

蒙特卡罗法在桥梁控制网优化设计中的应用

笔者讨论了蒙特卡罗法生成偶然误差的原理 ,并用模拟的偶然误差参于大地四边形平差计算 ,其结果与误差传播定律一致 ,从而验证了蒙特卡罗法用于大地四边形模拟计算的可行性 ,为大地四边形的优化提供了一种可行的有效方法     

基于DM6467的视频处理软件设计与优化

针对视频处理系统的实时性要求及视频压缩编码算法的现状,本文给出了基于TIDM6467的嵌入式视频处理软件及关键算法的优化实现.TMS320DM6467 ARM＋DSP的ARM核进行实时采集与传输视频数据,DSP内核进行视频处理;软件基于嵌入式Linux操作系统,采用达芬奇软件框架实现视频采集和编码服务器的设计.为了提高压缩效率,本文提出一种快速半像素运动估计算法,在最佳整像素点周围通过计算直接推导出最佳半像素点的位置,避免全搜索的大运算处理,快速半像素运动估计算法所用时间为标准全搜索算法所用时间的41％～57％.本文所设计的视频处理软件能达到实时进行高清视频的采集与压缩处理,并将处理的结果存入U盘,同时能通过扩展实现多路视频的处理.实现系统控制与存储等功能.     

基于多目标优化的智能车辆换道轨迹规划

为提高智能车辆换道轨迹规划的拟人性和实时性,提出了安全、舒适、节能等多目标协同优化的换道轨迹规划算法,该轨迹规划方法的适应性取决于车辆换道时间、纵横向速度及加速度等关键变量的约束条件;基于车辆运动学和动力学理论,分析了动态未知环境下车辆换道安全区域,建立了六次多项式车辆理想换道轨迹模型,并运用遗传算法-BP神经网络理论对换道终止时刻及目标位置进行预测,得到了复杂场景下车辆换道轨迹簇;分析了基于可行解空间的车辆换道安全性、舒适性、经济性等性能评价函数,构建了多性能目标协同优化目标函数和约束条件,运用鲸鱼优化算法对换道轨迹簇进行优化,实现多性能目标协同的智能车辆换道轨迹最优规划;为进一步验证多目标优化轨迹规划算法的准确性,运用L3级智能车辆测试平台对结构化道路场景下多目标优化换道轨迹规划算法进行了试验验证。仿真和试验结果表明：提出的轨迹规划算法在满足各项约束的情况下可成功实现平稳、安全换道,并且与传统驾驶人换道相比,换道过程的安全性、舒适性及多目标综合性能分别提升了5.1%、3.3%和1.7%,有效提升了动态环境下智能车辆换道轨迹规划的拟人性。