铝合金点焊接头疲劳性能研究及寿命分析

为了支持多环形纹路表面电极帽式铝合金点焊接头在车辆正向开发中的设计应用,设计并开展了一系列的铝合金点焊接头疲劳试验研究和疲劳寿命预测方法研究。过程中获得了点焊接头的载荷-寿命对应关系,总结了铝合金点焊接头疲劳强度受载荷方向、母材强度及厚度等因素影响的普遍规律,分析了铝合金点焊接头的疲劳失效破坏模式,并提出了评价铝合金点焊接头疲劳寿命的S-N曲线,可以有效指导铝合金点焊接头的抗疲劳设计开发工作。     

基于动态响应特性的点焊疲劳损伤与寿命预测研究

通过动态响应试验对单点点焊接头疲劳过程中固有频率的变化进行研究,查明了最适宜点焊疲劳损伤分析的模态阶数;并利用三维动态有限元模拟了点焊接头疲劳裂纹扩展过程中频率变化特性.最后根据疲劳试验数据,给出了适合于点焊接头的疲劳寿命预测方程.     

焊接应力对构件的危害及消除

焊接残余应力在焊接构件中普遍存在,直接影响车架结构的承载能力、降低焊接接头及整个车架构件的疲劳强度,在遇到外力作用时会产生疲劳断裂或脆性断裂而引发事故。只有从结构设计、工艺制造、焊后处理等阶段进行控制和消除,才能保证使用要求,提高焊接构件的强度,延长工作寿命。     

基于ANSYS workbench的车轮疲劳强度分析

车轮是汽车上的重要部件,它承受车身的重力、驱动力、制动力以及汽车转弯时的横向载荷,对汽车的行驶安全性、稳定性和平顺性都有着非常重要的影响。采用有限元分析的方法可以在新产品设计初期分析出车轮的强度和疲劳寿命,大大缩短设计周期。本文以14×5.5J车轮为研究对象,采用三维建模软件pro/E对车轮进行建模,利用有限元分析软件ANsYs worl出ench对车轮弯曲疲劳强度试验进行模拟,得到车轮强度和疲劳寿命的分析结果。     

基于模态应力恢复的汽车零部件虚拟疲劳试验方法

基于有限元模态分析、柔性多体动力学求解和疲劳寿命预测的相关理论,通过模态应力恢复得到了汽车零部件疲劳载荷历程,并将其应用于虚拟疲劳试验,解决了汽车设计过程中无法快速、准确预知零部件疲劳寿命的难题。该试验方法应用于某车双横臂独立前悬中的下横臂,在较短的时间内获得了该零件的预测疲劳寿命、寿命安全系数及危险部位等信息。结果表明该虚拟疲劳试验方法可作为汽车设计过程中的有效试验手段。     

Development of knowledge based body structure concept design model

The purpose of this study is to propose a concept design process for an automotive body structure using technical information on the major joints and members of vehicles. First, in order to collect the technical information on major joints and members, 17 vehicles were selected using benchmark data. The collected technical information for the selected vehicles was the cross sectional shapes of each joint and member which were used for the analysis of joint stiffness, crashworthiness and static stiffness of the member to make a database along with cross section properties. This study applied a ‘What If Study’ technique to perform a concept design of an automotive body using the analyzed information and selected cross section meeting the design objectives. The criteria for the selection of the cross section were defined by subdividing the defined design objectives of an automotive body structure and constraints into members and joints. In order to configure an analysis model of an automotive body structure using the selected cross section, a shape parametric model was used and static stiffness, dynamic stiffness and crashworthiness were assessed to evaluate the configured automotive body structure. The evaluation result showed that the crashworthiness and static/dynamic stiffness were improved compared to an existing body structure. In addition, the weight of the body structure was reduced. Through this study, the process that can rapidly and effectively derive and evaluate the concept design of an automotive body structure was defined. It is expected that, henceforth, this process will be helpful for the study of automotive body structures.     

Dependence of fatigue limit of high-tension bolts on mean stress and ultimate tensile strength

High tension bolts in critical joints in internal combustion engines are susceptible to fatigue failure. Computeraided bolted joint design procedures require knowledge of the dependence of bolt fatigue limit on the mean stress and ultimate tensile strength. This dependence is investigated with staircase fatigue limit tests. The test results show that when the bolt fatigue limit is estimated with the nominal stress of the bolt, it decreases with increasing tensile strength and nominal mean stress. However, there is a range of the nominal mean stress where the bolt fatigue limit is almost constant. The test results are interpreted with finite element analysis.     

曲轴单拐弯曲疲劳的可靠度分析

本文运用三维有限元法，从零件可靠性设计这个角度分析了曲轴单拐的弯曲疲劳强度。     

桑塔纳汽车后桥强度有限元分析及改进方案

根据桑塔纳2000汽车后桥的实际结构，利用通用有限元软件ANSYS，对后桥进行了弹塑性静态结构有限元分析。主要研究了结构焊接处强度、横梁破坏处在半个周期载荷波内应力状态变化；给出了在最大剪应变幅平面上，影响疲劳强度及寿命的基本参量的计算结果；提出了提高后桥强度的改进方案。     

Prediction of fatigue life and estimation of its reliability on the parts of an air suspension system

Air suspension systems have been implemented in various commercial vehicles, such as buses and special purpose trucks, because of the comfortable ride and easy height control. An evaluation of the durability of vehicle parts has been required for service life and safety starting in the early stages of design. The cyclic load applied to the vehicle can cause fatigue failure of parts, such as the suspension frame. This paper presents a method to predict the fatigue life of the suspension frame at the design stage of the air suspension system used in a heavy-duty vehicle. To estimate the fatigue life using the SN method, the Dynamic Stress Time History (DSTH) is necessary for the part of interest. DSTH can be obtained from the results of the flexible body dynamic analysis using the Belgian road simulation and the Modal Stress Recovery (MSR) method. Furthermore, the reliability of the predicted fatigue life can be evaluated by considering the variations in material properties. The probability and distribution of the expected life cycle can be obtained using experimental design with a minimum number of simulations. The advantage of using statistical methods to evaluate the life cycle is the ability to predict replacement time and the probability of failure of mass-produced parts. This paper proposes a rapid and simple method that can be effectively applied to the design of vehicle parts.     

Transferred load and its course in passenger car bodies

A method to express the concept of load transfer and the course of the transferred load in the structure is introduced. Transferred load in an actual passenger car body is investigated experimentally. The degree of joint stiffness between the members of the vehicle body can also be discussed based on this concept. Difference can be shown between the course from the front suspension and that from the rear suspension under the condition of the torsional loading.     

Fatigue analysis for a multi-lap spot welded joint of high strength steel using quasi static tensile-shear test

The welding quality of spot weldment is an important factor that significantly affects the strength, stiffness, safety, and other performance characteristics of vehicles. Therefore, quality control and fatigue life evaluation of spot weldment are necessary processes. This paper presents a method for determining the fatigue life of multi-lap spot weldment of a high strength steel sheet. In this method, the fatigue life is estimated using the lethargy coefficient, which is the total defect coefficient according to rupture stress and time obtained by the quasi static tensile-shear test. The DC potential drop method was used to check initiation and propagation of cracks in addition to the test. Also, in this study, we modified the lethargy coefficient by using the welding current. Furthermore, we define a specific lapping constant, which is a characteristic constant of 2 or 3 lap weldments. The fatigue life obtained by the fatigue estimate equation, which contains a specific lapping constant was compared and verified with an experimental value. Finally we analyzed the relation of lap number, welding current and fatigue life. This method can save processing time and cost for predicting the life cycle of a structure.     

纵肋与顶板新型双面焊构造细节的疲劳强度问题

钢桥面板的疲劳问题是制约钢结构桥梁可持续发展的关键难题,纵肋与顶板传统单面焊构造细节是控制钢桥面板疲劳性能、疲劳开裂危害最为严重的易损构造细节。以中国自主研发的纵肋与顶板新型双面焊构造细节为研究对象,研发了钢桥面板纵肋与顶板构造细节疲劳试验装置,参照近期中国典型重大工程的钢桥面板结构设计参数,在系统对比分析研究的基础上,设计12个构造细节疲劳试验模型和5个节段疲劳试验模型,通过疲劳破坏试验确定了纵肋与顶板新型双面焊构造细节的主导疲劳开裂模式和疲劳强度,探究了影响其疲劳性能的关键因素。研究结果表明:纵肋与顶板新型双面焊构造细节的疲劳强度显著高于纵肋与顶板传统单面焊构造细节,等效结构应力适用于纵肋与顶板新型双面焊构造细节的疲劳性能评估;实际熔透率不低于75%时多种焊接工艺条件下纵肋与顶板新型双面焊构造细节的主导疲劳开裂模式均为疲劳裂纹在顶板焊趾产生,并沿顶板板厚方向扩展,其名义应力疲劳强度高于90 MPa,等效结构应力疲劳强度高于100 MPa;制造缺欠是影响纵肋与顶板新型双面焊构造细节疲劳性能的关键因素;所研发的试验装置可通过构造细节模型实现对实际钢桥面板中纵肋与顶板焊接构造细节的准确模拟,准确获得纵肋与顶板构造细节疲劳性能。研究成果可为该长寿命新型构造细节的抗疲劳设计和工程实践提供依据。     

预制小箱梁纵向U筋交错搭接接缝静载试验

预制小箱梁因其结构可靠和施工方便得到了广泛应用。传统的小箱梁纵向接缝工艺采用环形套箍将相邻桥面板翼缘内预留的外伸U筋焊接起来,这种焊接工艺使得湿接缝能很好地传递弯矩和剪力。但这种工艺对梁体的定位精度要求高,现场焊接工作量大,且存在潜在的钢筋疲劳问题,不利于桥梁快速施工。为加速桥梁施工,针对预制小箱梁的纵向湿接缝,提出采用U筋交错搭接方式来改善传统的环形套箍焊接连接。通过制作24个足尺试验模型进行静载试验,分析各试件的破坏形态、抗弯能力和开裂性能,研究U筋交错搭接接缝的性能,并对2种不同的接缝形式进行对比。研究接缝区混凝土强度、U筋纵向间距、搭接长度、U筋直径、板厚和接缝宽度6个设计参数对U筋交错搭接接缝受力性能的影响,并提出了相应的设计建议。研究结果表明：相同配筋率下的采用U筋交错搭接接缝和传统焊接接缝的板承载能力基本相同,但是U筋交错搭接接缝开裂更早且裂缝发展更快,不过仍然满足规范的最大容许裂缝宽度要求;受分阶段施工的影响,混凝土首先在接缝结合面处开裂;控制U筋搭接角度小于45°可以保证接缝不发生脆性破坏;U筋纵向间距、U筋直径、板厚和接缝宽度对接缝受力性能影响较大。     

公轨两用钢桁桥轨道横梁与整体节点连接头的疲劳荷载

为评定公轨两用钢桁桥下层轨道横梁与焊接整体节点连接头在交通荷载作用下的疲劳损伤累积，对该细节在桥梁设计寿命内车辆荷载所产生的疲劳荷栽谱的计算方法进行了研究。在对桥梁的车辆荷载进行分析的基础上，参照各国相关规范，建立了代表桥梁设计寿命内真实运营状况的疲劳荷载模型，并通过全桥三雏有限元分析模拟计算该连接细节所承受的荷载历程。依据疲劳损伤累积理论，确定了公轨两用钢桁桥轨道横梁与整体节点连接头验证性疲劳试验的试验荷栽。结果表明：该连接细节的疲劳损伤荷载基本不受上层汽车的影响，主要取决于轻轨，可以通过直接将轻轨计算结果乘以一定的提高系数得出。     

基于Hyperworks的微型车车桥疲劳寿命分析与研究

驱动桥是汽车上主要部件之一,驱动桥的质量好坏会大大影响到车辆的安全使用。在车辆不断向高速、轻量、低能耗和高性能发展的今天,微型车车桥的安全性日益受到关注。本文以实体单元为基础,通过Proe软件对微型汽车车桥进行建模,利用Hyperworks对模型进行有限元模拟分析。在随机载荷下的对其疲劳寿命予以分析,并对驱动桥的疲劳强度进行了计算,得出了驱动桥的应力和变形分布。通过强度评价和疲劳寿命估算,验证了该车桥设计的合理性,为商用车车桥设计研发提供了参考。     

基于应力测试对某车型耐久后钣金开裂问题的分析与研究

应力测试是汽车行业常用的疲劳寿命分析手法,当车身零件发生焊点开裂等疲劳破坏问题时,在应力集中位置贴伏应变片,然后在特定的恶路进行应力测试,采集应力数据,结合材料的疲劳限度及S-N曲线,通过分析应力数据能判断出是否存在疲劳破坏的风险,从而协助分析车身零件疲劳开裂的原因,并结合CAE分析提出相应对策。此外,实施对策后,以相同工况再次进行应力测试,通过分析疲劳开裂对策后状态测量所得的应力数据,可快速判断其对策的有效性,从而提高对策成功率,确保新车型按时投产。     

哈飞路宝正面碰撞安全性车身优化设计

针对哈飞路宝轿车车身设计的具体要求,建立了用于碰撞分析的整车车身结构简化有限元模型,并利用该模型对车身前部结构的几种设计方案进行了选择分析。利用计算机模拟技术对整车车身结构的有限元模型进行了模拟碰撞分析。模拟结果与实车碰撞试验结果的对比表明,所采用计算方法和模拟过程正确,提出的优化设计方案可以提高该轿车产品的被动安全性。     

汽车结构中焊缝疲劳寿命预估

介绍了焊缝疲劳寿命估算的有效方法——VOLVO方法的步骤及原理。采用该方法可计算出真实运行工况下结构焊缝的疲劳损伤和寿命情况。针对某商用车后桥壳上的焊缝连接,利用VOLVO方法进行了焊缝寿命预估,得到了整个焊缝的损伤和寿命分布,通过与台架试验中桥壳失效部位的对比表明,预估结果与试验结果一致。     

轿车车身外部造型设计中有关技术问题的研究

在分析了大量轿车相关设计标准和资料的基础上,研究了在轿车外部造型设计中涉及到的主动安全性、被动安全性、空气动力性及乘座舒适性等技术性问题。特别就行人保护和碰撞后对车辆本身的损坏等被动安全性问题对轿车车身外部造型设计的要求,做了比较详细的讨论。