基于潜在类别模型的高铁旅客市场细分

对高速铁路旅客市场进行细分是应用收益管理理论的重要环节.基于京沪高铁的客票数据,选取年龄、性别、出行日期、出行距离、购票方式和提前购票时间6类外显变量作为分类指标,采用潜在类别模型进行高速铁路旅客市场的细分.首先将外显变量概率参数化后代入模型进行建模并利用Mplus软件进行模型求解,模型拟合的AIC和BIC等指标表明,当潜在类别为3类时模型具有较好的效果.然后根据模型参数估计结果对所有数据进行潜在聚类分析,分类正确率达到93%左右,表明分类结果合理,3种类别的旅客在提前购票时间、出行距离等方面具有明显的差异.潜在类别模型的引入可以为我国高速铁路收益管理理论研究和实践应用提供参考借鉴.     

结合类可分性和遗传算法的核ICA特征选择

核独立分量分析(KICA)可以实现特征提取,但当数据量较大时,特征的数量也随之增加.针对这种情况,提出了一种结合类可分性和遗传算法来选择特征并降低其维数的方法.对数据进行KlCA处理后得到特征向量及权值矩阵.对于权值矩阵.使用类问类内距离比来进行特征初选.保留权重矩阵中类间类内距离比大的列,及其对应的特征向量.对这些特征向量使用遗传算法来选择最优特征组.两个实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

Color image segmentation by edge linking and region grouping

A novel method toward color image segmentation is proposed based on edge linking and region grouping. Firstly, the edges extracted by the Canny detector are linked to form regions. Each of the end points of edges is connected by a direct line to the nearest pixel on another edge segment within a sub-window. A new distance is defined based on the feature that the edge tends to preserve its original direction. By sampling the lines to the image, the image is over-segmented to labeled regions. Secondly, the labeled regions are grouped both locally and globally. A decision tree is constructed to decide the importance of properties that affect the merging procedure. Finally, the result is refined by user’s selection of regions that compose the desired object. Experiments show that the method can effectively segment the object and is much faster than the state-of-the-art color image segmentation methods.     

三频周跳探测方法的应用研究

基于三频数据能形成长波长、消电离层或弱电离层、低噪声等优良特性的组合,对GNSS现代化后的三频周跳探测与修复提出两种新的方法:相位无几何距离组合结合频间单差法和相位减伪距组合法,并对两种方法做对比分析。     

NEW HAUSDORFF DISTANCE-BASED VEHICLE LOCATION

Objective To realize accurate localization of moving vehicles from single monocular intensity image.Methods The new modified Hansdorff distance(M2HD) was adopted, which used dominant points instead of edge maps as features for measuring similarity between image and model projection. Modified simulated annealing (MSA) algorithm was used to find optimum localization parameters. Results M2HD reduces the computational complexity,and improves the matching precision. Furthermore, MSA can fast find global optimum instead of getting into partial one because of its high parallel and robust performance. Conclusion Experiments confirm that the combination of MSA and M^2 HD can effectively localize the vehicles that are changed both in translation and rotation     

Blind Detection of LSB Steganography in Grayscale Images

There are many detectors for the least significant bit(LSB)steganography which is broadly used in hiding information in the digital images.The length of the hidden information is one of the most important parameters in detecting steganographic information.Using 2-D gradient of a pixel and the distance between variables the proposed method gives the length of hidden information in natural grayscale images without original image.Extensive experimental results show good performance even at low embedding rate compared with other methods.Furthermore,the proposed method also works well disregarding the status of the embedded information.     

基于生存分析的山区双车道公路超车持续时间模型

为研究混合交通流条件下山区双车道公路超车行为，确定关键影响因素与超车持续时间的关系。以云南省典型山区双车道公路为例，利用无人机采集超车行为视频数据，提取参与超车行为的机动车轨迹，构建超车行为变量指标体系，分析山区双车道公路超车行为特性；建立基于生存分析的山区双车道公路超车持续时间模型，确定影响超车持续的关键协变量，并分析关键协变量与超车持续时间的定量关系。结果表明：混合交通流条件下，山区双车道公路平均超车持续时间为10.3 s，平均超车距离为201.3 m，由驾驶员的驾驶风格、较高的行驶速度及复杂的交通流条件共同作用所致；Log-logistic 加速失效时间模型对超车持续时间拟合效果最好，AIC和BIC分别为272.989和265.650，危险函数拐点约为13 s，说明超车行为在13 s前结束的可能性最大；影响超车持续时间的关键变量分别为超车距离和超车车辆与被超车车辆的初始速度差、最大横向距离、是否有对向车、被超车车辆长度和超车车辆类型，影响程度较大的协变量为超车车辆类型和是否有对向车，当超车车辆为货车时，超车持续时间增加了22.9%，当有对向车时，超车持续时间降低了17.8%。     

Algorithm based on morphological component analysis and scale-invariant feature transform for image registration

In this paper, we proposed a registration method by combining the morphological component analysis (MCA) and scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm. This method uses the perception dictionaries, and combines the Basis-Pursuit algorithm and the Total-Variation regularization scheme to extract the cartoon part containing basic geometrical information from the original image, and is stable and unsusceptible to noise interference. Then a smaller number of the distinctive key points will be obtained by using the SIFT algorithm based on the cartoon part of the original image. Matching the key points by the constrained Euclidean distance, we will obtain a more correct and robust matching result. The experimental results show that the geometrical transform parameters inferred by the matched key points based on MCA+SIFT registration method are more exact than the ones based on the direct SIFT algorithm.     

基于间距临界值的短连线交叉口信号优化方法

应用美国NEMA标准和Paramics 仿真，首次引入间距临界值的概念，研究短连线交叉口的信号控制优化方法.首先，基于交通特性分析，按照信号控制方式将短连线交叉口分为信号合并和信号协调两类.进而构建短连线交叉口的信号控制方式选择模型，通过两个交叉口间的间隔距离与临界值的比对来判断信号控制方式的类型.基于美国NEMATS-2 标准中提出的双环相位结构，分别建立两种控制方式对应的信号相位相序设置策略和信号配时方法.最后，利用Paramics 交通仿真软件对实际调研的两处典型短连线交叉口的现状交通方案和优化改进后的方案进行仿真分析.得到的仿真评价指标结果表明，改进方案达到了优化效果，同时也说明提出的短连线交叉口信号控制方法有效且可行.     

基于间距临界值的短连线交叉口信号优化方法

应用美国NEMA标准和Paramics 仿真,首次引入间距临界值的概念,研究短连线交叉口的信号控制优化方法.首先,基于交通特性分析,按照信号控制方式将短连线交叉口分为信号合并和信号协调两类.进而构建短连线交叉口的信号控制方式选择模型,通过两个交叉口间的间隔距离与临界值的比对来判断信号控制方式的类型.基于美国NEMATS-2 标准中提出的双环相位结构,分别建立两种控制方式对应的信号相位相序设置策略和信号配时方法.最后,利用Paramics 交通仿真软件对实际调研的两处典型短连线交叉口的现状交通方案和优化改进后的方案进行仿真分析.得到的仿真评价指标结果表明,改进方案达到了优化效果,同时也说明提出的短连线交叉口信号控制方法有效且可行.     

基于时间序列与神经网络的软岩隧道变形预测模型及其应用

针对软岩隧道具有变形量大、变形分析困难和稳定性差等特点以及传统的变形分析方法过于单一和精度低等问题,分别运用时序分析和神经网络方法对软岩隧道变形进行了预测,以单个方法的预测结果为基础,结合IOWHA算子,根据各方法的预测精度计算出它们在组合模型中的权重,建立了组合预测模型．通过工程监测获取原始数据,运用组合预测方法得到相应的预测结果,并将其与单个方法的预测结果进行了对比分析．研究结果表明：新的组合预测方法能够综合时序分析和神经网络方法的优势,预测结果精度明显提高,该方法的应用对具体软岩隧道的稳定性评价及隧道工程的施工与维护具有一定的指导意义．     

基于时间序列与神经网络的软岩隧道变形预测模型及其应用

针对软岩隧道具有变形量大、变形分析困难和稳定性差等特点以及传统的变形分析方法过于单一和精度低等问题,分别运用时序分析和神经网络方法对软岩隧道变形进行了预测,以单个方法的预测结果为基础,结合IOWHA算子,根据各方法的预测精度计算出它们在组合模型中的权重,建立了组合预测模型.通过工程监测获取原始数据,运用组合预测方法得到相应的预测结果,并将其与单个方法的预测结果进行了对比分析.研究结果表明:新的组合预测方法能够综合时序分析和神经网络方法的优势,预测结果精度明显提高,该方法的应用对具体软岩隧道的稳定性评价及隧道工程的施工与维护具有一定的指导意义.     

GNN-CRC: Discriminative Collaborative Representation-Based Classification via Gabor Wavelet Transformation and Nearest Neighbor

Collaborative representation-based classification (CRC) is a distance based method, and it obtains the original contributions from all samples to solve the sparse representation coefficient. We find out that it helps to enhance the discrimination in classification by integrating other distance based features and/or adding signal preprocessing to the original samples. In this paper, we propose an improved version of the CRC method which uses the Gabor wavelet transformation to preprocess the samples and also adapts the nearest neighbor (NN) features, and hence we call it GNN-CRC. Firstly, Gabor wavelet transformation is applied to minimize the effects from the background in face images and build Gabor features into the input data. Secondly, the distances solved by NN and CRC are fused together to obtain a more discriminative classification. Extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate the proposed method for face recognition with different instantiations. The experimental results illustrate that our method outperforms the naive CRC as well as some other state-of-the-art algorithms.     

基于AIC准则的脉动风速时程模拟

阐述脉动风速时程模拟的方法和AIC准则。采用线性滤波器中的AR模型,结合AIC准则进行模型阶数选择,用MATLAB编程模拟脉动风速时程,并与目标功率谱进行比较,模拟效果较好,可以满足工程精度的要求。     

An Image Retrieval Method Based on Color and Texture Features

The technique of image retrieval is widely used in science experiment, military affairs, public security,advertisement, family entertainment, library and so on. The existing algorithms are mostly based on the characteristics of color, texture, shape and space relationship. This paper introduced an image retrieval algorithm, which is based on the matching of weighted EMD(Earth Mover‘s Distance) distance and texture distance. EMD distance is the distance between the histograms of two images in HSV(Hue, Saturation, Value) color space, and texture distance is the L1 distance between the texture spectra of two images. The experimental results show that the retrieval rate can be increased obviously by using the proposed algorithm.     

Technique based on image pyramid and bayes rule for noise reduction in unsupervised change detection

In this paper, a technique based on image pyramid and Bayes rule for reducing noise effects in unsupervised change detection is proposed. By using Gaussian pyramid to process two multitemporal images respectively, two image pyramids are constructed. The difference pyramid images are obtained by point-by-point subtraction between the same level images of the two image pyramids. By resizing all difference pyramid images to the size of the original multitemporal image and then making product operator among them, a map being similar to the difference image is obtained. The difference image is generated by point-by-point subtraction between the two multitemporal images directly. At last, the Bayes rule is used to distinguish the changed pixels. Both synthetic and real data sets are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed technique. Experimental results show that the map from the proposed technique is more robust to noise than the difference image.     

A semi-fragile wavelet transform watermarking scheme for content authentication of images

A novel semi-fragile watermarking scheme for the content authentication of images using wavelet transform (WT) is presented in this paper. It is tolerant to the embedded wavelet image compression methods based on WT such as embedded zerotree wavelet (EZW), set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) and embedded block coding with optimized truncation (EBCOT) in JPEG2000 to a pre-determined bit-plane, but is sensitive to all other malicious attacks. The image features are generated from the lowest-frequency (LF) subband of the original image as the embedded watermark. The watermark is embedded into the pre-determined bit-plane by adjusting the corresponding values in the given subband. In the process of watermarking authentication, we compare the image features generated from the LF subband of the received image with the embedded watermarking information (the image features of the original image) extracted from the pre-determined bit-plane in the given subband of the received image to decide whether the image is attacked maliciously or processed acceptably (the embedded wavelet compression). The most important advantage of our watermarking scheme is that the watermark information can be extracted from the watermarked image when detecting watermark, so the received image authentication needs no information about the original image or watermark. Experimental results prove the effectiveness of our proposed watermarking scheme.     

Mutual information optimization based dynamic log-polar image registration

Log-polar transformation(LPT)is widely used in image registration due to its scale and rotation invariant properties.Through LPT,rotation and scale transformation can be made into translation displacement in log-polar coordinates,and phase correlation technique can be used to get the displacement.In LPT based image registration,constant samples in digitalization processing produce less precise and effective results.Thus,dynamic log-polar transformation(DLPT)is used in this paper.DLPT is a method that generates several sample sets in axes to produce several results and only the effective results are used to get the final results by using statistical approach.Therefore,DLPT can get more precise and effective transformation results than the conventional LPT.Mutual information(MI)is a similarity measure to align two images and has been used in image registration for a long time.An optimal transform for image registration can be obtained by maximizing MI between the two images.Image registration based on MI is robust in noisy,occlusion and illumination changing circumstance.In this paper,we study image registration using MI and DLPT.Experiments with digitalizing images and with real image datasets are performed,and the experimental results show that the combination of MI with DLPT is an effective and precise method for image registration.     

Face Hallucination with Weighted Nuclear Norm Constraint

Face hallucination via patch-pairs leaning based methods has been wildly used in the past several years. Some position-patch based face hallucination methods have been proposed to improve the representation power of image patch and obtain the optimal regressive weighted vector. The rationale behind the position-patch based face hallucination is the fact that human face is always highly structured and consequently positioned and it plays an increasingly important role in the reconstruction. However, in the existing position-patch based methods, the probe image patch is usually represented as a linear combination of the corresponding patches of some training images, and the reconstruction residual is usually measured using the vector norm such as 1-norm and 2-norm. Since the vector norms neglect two-dimensional structures inside the residual, the final reconstruction performance is not very satisfactory. To cope with this problem, we present a weighted nuclear-norm constrained sparse coding (WNCSC) model for position-patch based face hallucination. In addition, an efficient algorithm for the WNCSC is developed using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and the method of augmented Lagrange multipliers (ALM). The advantages of the proposed model are twofold: in order to fully make use of low-rank structure information of the reconstruction residual, the weighted nuclear norm is applied to measure the residual matrix, which is able to alleviate the bias between input patches and training data, and it is more robust than the Euclidean distance (2-norm); the more flexible selection method for rank components can determine the optimal combination weights and adaptively choose the relevant and nearest hallucinated neighbors. Finally, experimental results prove that the proposed method outperforms the related state-of-the-art methods in both quantitative and visual comparisons.     

基于图像处理的路面裂缝识别研究

传统的人工视觉检测裂缝方法具有耗力、耗时、不精确、影响交通、危险、花费高等缺点。这里介绍一种基于图像处理的路面裂缝类病害自动识别方法。首先使用一种掩膜平滑法,对有大量噪音的路面图像进行增强,再采用最大类间、类内距离准则对图像进行阈值分割,提取图像上的裂缝特征,实验结果表明了该方法的有效性。