船舶制冷空调装置的R22的替代展望

在广泛调研的基础上，分析了船用ＣＦＣｓ的ＨＣＦｓ的现状和发展趋势，进而在分析比较众多能替代Ｒ２２工质的同时，提出了用混合工质作为船用制冷与空调装置替代工质的观点。     

制冷剂R134a的特性与应用

讨论了ＣＦＣＳ替代物Ｒ１３４ａ的推出及其应用，分析了Ｒ１３４ａ的性能与缺点，指明了理想的制冷剂的研究方向。     

混合制冷工质应用于未来船舶之研究

面临二十一世纪初全面禁止氯氟烃制冷工质（ＣＦＣｓ或ＨＣＦＣｓ）的严峻形势，又随着对船舶营运经济性要求日益提高，近、非共沸制冷工质是近年开始研究的新制冷工质。其具有显著节能效果，且对环境无公害。本文从国内外近、非共沸制冷工质的研究现状及其发展动向进行分析，研究其在二十一世纪船舶上应用的可行性，最后得出其可能成为二十一世纪船舶应用很大广泛的制冷工质的结论。     

中国航运界关于限制CFCs对策研究

正当近期内，氯氟烃物质（ＣＦＣｓ和ＨＣＦＣｓ）面临着被限制使用或被替代的严峻形势，本文分析了禁用氯氟烃的实质，及其对我国航运界的影响，特别对于远洋运输业的影响。并通过对国内外ＣＦＣｓ替代技术的进展的分析研究，提出我国航运界关于限制ＣＦＣｓ的对策。     

小型空调装置中R22与替代工质R290的性能对比研究

利用新立方型状态方程对R22制冷剂及替代工质R290的热物性建立了相应的参数关系方程式。在此基础上针对小型空调装置的应用条件；对这两种制冷剂的热力循环进行了性能模拟分析，并结合环境保护，经济性，安全性等因素对R290替代R22的可行性进行了综合分析比较。     

特种材料的工程应用

本文针对性地介绍了应用在舒艾拜油码头修复工程中的特种材料，即ＡＬ－ＧＵＲＧ ＦＯＳＲＯＣＬＬＣ公司和ＦＥＢ ＭＡＳＴＥＲ ＢＵＩＬＤＥＲＳ ＴＥＣＨＮＯＬＯＧＩＥＳ公司的系列产品。     

冰箱用HFC134a往复式压缩机的研究状况

介绍制冷系统ＨＦＣ１３４ａ替代ＣＦＣ１２后，与ＨＦＣ１３４ａ相容的润滑油的开发以及制冷系统的可靠性和热力性能提高和改进的研究。     

西门子发电机自动电压调节器的工作原理与调节

本文重点介绍了西门子ＩＦＣ５船用发电机自动电压调节器的工作原理，说明了ＩＦ６发电机ＡＶＲ的特点，分别介绍了两个系列发电机ＡＶＲ的调节要领。     

中国船位报告系统方案研究

此文通过对国际上现有的船位报告系统的分析，提出了ＣＨＳＲＥＰ的设计思想建议。     

船舶轴带发电机恒频装置RCF的传动效率研究

对德国产船舶轴带发电机液压－机械分流传动恒频装置ＲＣＦ的传动效率进行了理论和实验上的研究，提出了该传动效率的数学模型，并以江南造船厂１９８７年下水的“祥瑞”轮ＲＣＦ装置的结构参数和工况为实例，对其液压回路的效率模型进行实验验证，对传动效率进行计算机运算，得出：在主机转速变化范围内的传动效率变化规律基本符合实际情况。     

形势依然非常严峻 《2012年第二季度中国航运景气报告》发布

航运企业经营状况恶化趋势有所放缓,但是中国航运行业总体状况恶化趋势略微加剧。7月3日,上海国际航运研究中心发布"2012年第二季度中国航运景气报告"。报告显示,2012年第二季度,     

The melting Arctic and its impact on China’s maritime transport

The shrinking of Arctic ice triggers off a new round of competition and dispute in this region, among traditional Arctic states and non-Arctic actors. Like its East Asia neighbours, China sees the melting Arctic Ocean a unique opportunity for itself and international trade generally. The changing physical landscape of the Arctic region will certainly have a major impact on China’s economic future which is very dependent on international shipping. This paper assesses the impact of the ice-free Arctic on the development of marine transport industry in China. The author discusses the potential new routes with the Arctic’s melting and the opportunities that it brings to China’s maritime transportation industry. Challenges that China faces in future shipping through the Arctic will be also addressed from political, legal, economic and environmental dimensions, followed by a preliminary exploration of ways to solution of these challenges.     

大型矿砂船综合介绍

本文介绍了大型矿砂船的航运市场、主尺度指标、总布置、船体结构、货舱舱口布置、舱口盖形式、抓斗作业要求等方面的特点,并介绍了在建造中应注意的问题。     

Direct shipping across the Taiwan Strait: flag selections and policy issues

The restriction on direct shipping across the Taiwan Strait under which ships registered in Taiwan were banned from calling at China’s ports might have restricted the expansion of the Taiwanese flagged fleet. The cross-strait direct shipping link was established since the Cross-strait Sea Transport (CST) Agreement was signed in 2008. According to the Agreement, only ships owned and registered on either side of the Taiwan Strait or registered in Hong Kong may, with due approval, engage in direct cross-strait carriage of cargos and passengers. The aim of this study is to find the optimal flag selection for Taiwanese shipping companies under the provisions of the CST Agreement. The Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method is applied to find the preferred registry location among Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China. Sensitivity Analysis is also applied to test how criteria weights influence three alternative hierarchies. The results show Taiwan is the lowest priority with an unchangeable position in flag selection because Taiwanese national fleets mainly suffered higher operational costs. A lower tax rate and appropriate financial systems are therefore recommended in revising relevant shipping policies. Furthermore, to assist shipping companies to obtain China’s approval is also helpful to inspire ships flag back.     

Cost analysis of bulk cargo containerization

ABSTRACT

Bulk cargo containerization (BCC) involves changes in the transportation mode of container shipping for cargo that uses bulk carriers without packing. This topic has recently attracted considerable attention as an alternative transportation method for container cargo. BCC is advantageous because it can address imbalances in the amount of cargo conveyed between the main and back hauls, thereby improving efficiency. A previous survey among companies involved in cargo shipping revealed that in addition to ocean freight, vanning and devanning, and customs clearance costs, consignees’ decisions were the key factor in selecting transport modes. The present study aims to clarify the cost competitiveness of container shipping and identify cost reductions that may increase the use of BCC. To quantitatively check the results of the survey employed in this study, we constructed a model based on consignees’ and container shipping companies’ costs to determine the choice of transport mode for back-haul trade, then examined the incentives for consignees and shipping companies. We found that BCC can be realized by cost reduction on the part of the consignee and profit improvement on the part of the container shipping company for some routes and goods. Although reducing the freight rate would effectively promote BCC, reducing other costs would not have the same effect.     

集装箱船舶作业效率的度量和比较

为吸引船舶挂靠,集装箱码头把船舶作业效率作为重要的追求目标之一。分析影响船舶作业效率的因素,介绍我国集装箱码头刷新船时作业效率记录的情况,指出宜以一段时间泊位作业效率、船时作业效率和岸边集装箱起重机作业效率的统计平均值作为集装箱码头作业效率的度量和比较指标。     

轮船招商局的创立及其在中国近代史中的积极作用

招商局是中国创办最早、历史悠久的航运企业，至今已经渡过了１２５个春秋。招商局的成立使中国的水上运输业从木帆船时代走向机器船时代，实现了中国航海史上的一次重大变革。招商局的成立还打破了帝国主义对中国航运业的垄断，带头在中国走出了一条以招商集股方式，创办大型交通企业的路子。另外，招商局在创办的过程中积极吸收和引进西方先进的管理技术，注重培养中国自己的航运经营管理人才，为提高中国航运事业的技术和管理水平起到了一定的积极作用。     

关于船舶压载水和沉积物控制和管理问题（上）

按压载水管理公约第18条规定,本公约将自第30个国家（其合计商船吨位占世界商船总吨位的35％）交存批准、接受、核准或加入文件之日12个月后生效。截止2009年5月31日,只有18个国家（其合计商船吨位只占世界商船总吨位的15．36％）交存了相关文件,故公约尚未生效,预计还需5至10年才能生效。但为了保护我国的海洋环境免遭压载水的污染,我们必须提前做好其生效的准备,并在适当时加入公约。公约规定,在通常情况下,压载水排放只能按照《船舶压栽水和沉积物控制和管理规则》（简称“规则”）的各项规定进行。     

Impact of special shipping across the Taiwan Straits on the employment of Taiwanese ship officers

Nowhere else in the world are there marine transportations highly confined than across the Taiwan Straits (mainland China and Taiwan). This study strives to explore the present employment status of Taiwanese ship officers under the influence of special shipping across the Taiwan Straits, and to make sure if such an employment trend has a negative impact on the future operating mode of Taiwan shipping companies. By means of field interview and questionnaire, this study collected the employment data of ship officers from 21 leading shipping companies in Taiwan, and made a statistical analysis. The research findings show that the existing cross-strait shipping relationship, which is seriously distorted by the hostility between the governments of Taiwan and mainland China across the Taiwan Straits, has made Taiwanese shipping companies turn to flagging-out in order to enter the extensive shipping market of mainland China. This leads to a decline of job opportunities for Taiwanese ship officers. Ironically, the ship officers from mainland China pose a biggest threat to those in Taiwan in this respect. In addition, the operating modes of Taiwanese shipping companies also change gradually in tune with the increasing number of non-Taiwanese ship officers (mainly those from mainland China).     

Impact of special shipping across the Taiwan Straits on the employment of Taiwanese ship officers

Nowhere else in the world are there marine transportations highly confined than across the Taiwan Straits (mainland China and Taiwan). This study strives to explore the present employment status of Taiwanese ship officers under the influence of special shipping across the Taiwan Straits, and to make sure if such an employment trend has a negative impact on the future operating mode of Taiwan shipping companies. By means of field interview and questionnaire, this study collected the employment data of ship officers from 21 leading shipping companies in Taiwan, and made a statistical analysis. The research findings show that the existing cross-strait shipping relationship, which is seriously distorted by the hostility between the governments of Taiwan and mainland China across the Taiwan Straits, has made Taiwanese shipping companies turn to flagging-out in order to enter the extensive shipping market of mainland China. This leads to a decline of job opportunities for Taiwanese ship officers. Ironically, the ship officers from mainland China pose a biggest threat to those in Taiwan in this respect. In addition, the operating modes of Taiwanese shipping companies also change gradually in tune with the increasing number of non-Taiwanese ship officers (mainly those from mainland China).