TSP在伊朗Cheshmeh输水隧洞工程中的应用

文章介绍了TSP在伊朗Cheshmeh Langan输水隧洞工程中的应用.该隧洞围岩由灰岩地层组成,通过TSP探测,预测了存在影响隧洞施工的地质问题,为隧洞施工提供了有益的帮助.     

大伙房输水工程特长隧洞TBM选型及施工关键技术研究

大伙房输水工程隧洞长85.32 km,开挖洞径8.03 m,属于深埋特长隧洞.隧洞施工采用以TBM为主、钻爆法为辅的联合施工方式.隧洞穿越区域水文地质条件复杂,开挖中面临的主要工程地质问题有围岩稳定性、隧洞涌水、石英砂岩的掘进效率及岩爆等三大关键技术难题.文章通过对大量文献资料和工程实例的研究,概述了TBM近一个世纪的发展及其在隧道建设中的应用现状和主要问题.通过对大伙房特长隧洞所穿越区域的地质条件以及主要工程地质问题进行分析,并结合国内外已有的TBM施工经验,以及对特长隧洞TBM选型进行分析,决定选用锚喷支护+模筑混凝土复合衬砌结构支护系统代替管片衬砌结构,采用连续皮带机高速度出碴、TBM掘进独头长距离施工通风以及TBM洞内组装和检修等技术,对大伙房输水工程特长隧洞高速度、高标准、高质量的建成发挥了重要的保证作用,也可为今后类似工程提供参考和借鉴.     

地下隧洞工程弹性反演唯一性的探讨

对于地下隧洞工程,依据完备的量测信息开展弹性反分析,可望唯一反演确定岩土力学参数.文章利用平面弹性复变方法和一般弹性理论推导出任意形状隧洞的位移、应力解析表达式;基于隧洞围岩位移、应力解析解,依据参数可辨识条件探讨了地下隧洞工程弹性反演参数的唯一性,并通过算例进行了验证.研究表明,依据完备的量测信息开展弹性反分析,只要测点布置方式适当,反演参数满足相应的限定条件,五个参数(σv、σh、τ、E、μ)和同时反演具有唯一性.参数反演唯一性对参数的限制条件及对测点布置方式的要求受隧洞形状复杂性的影响,随着隧洞复杂性的提高对参数的限制条件大为减少,对测点布置方式的要求也会降低.算例结果表明,结论是正确的.     

南水北调西线第一期工程深埋长隧洞技术研究

南水北调西线工程地处青藏高原东南部,规划从长江上游调水170亿立方米,经输水隧洞穿越巴颜喀拉山分水岭入黄河上游,为西部大开发提供水资源保障.调水工程区海拔3 500m,寒冷缺氧,地质条件复杂.第一期工程调水40亿立方米,线路总长260 km,其中隧洞长244km.文章简要介绍了隧洞工程的地质条件、掘进机选型、掘进速度以及施工通风技术等.根据国内外隧洞的技术发展趋势,对未来长隧洞施工作了初步研究.     

新奥法在盘道岭软岩隧洞中的应用

文章以引大入秦工程盘道岭软岩长隧洞为例,通过对软岩的基本特征、隧洞的主要施工方法及特点的分析,总结了地下水对软岩隧洞稳定性的影响以及对失稳的控制.     

针梁式台车在圆形隧洞衬砌施工中的应用

本文叙述了针梁式台车在桑坪电站引水洞工程中的应用,阐述了针梁式台车在圆形隧洞中的施工方法及施工工艺,为类似隧洞施工提供了借鉴和参考。     

深覆土输水隧洞与进洞井接头防水设计与施工技术

隧洞及井接头防水作为一项关键工序,对输送饮用水的青草沙过江管隧洞工程尤为重要。文章以此为工程背景,结合深覆土输水隧洞的特点,详细阐述了隧洞自身的防水质量控制及特殊形式外包井接头设计和施工技术,可为今后类似工程提供参考借鉴。     

TBM施工深埋隧洞围岩分类方法初探

文章针对TBM施工隧洞的围岩分类问题,分析了西南某水电站深埋隧洞影响洞室稳定性的因素,以<水利水电工程地质勘察规范>中的围岩分类方法(HC分类)为基础,依据岩石单轴抗压强度、岩体的完整性系数、岩体结构为主要因素来探讨适合TBM施工深埋隧洞的围岩分类.     

高速公路路堤下暗挖隧洞施工引起的路基沉降实例分析

在高速公路路堤下进行暗挖隧洞施工将不可避免地对围岩产生扰动,从而引起地层位移和路基沉降,过大的路基沉降将影响高速公路的正常运营,因此分析和控制路基沉降是高速公路路堤下隧洞设计与施工的难点和重点.以黔东火电厂排洪及供水隧洞为实例,采用FLAC3D软件分析了隧洞施工对高速公路路基沉降的影响特点.计算结果表明,加强超前支护是控制地层位移和路基沉降的有效手段,采用大管棚及超前小导管注浆技术能有效控制路基沉降并保证高速公路正常运营.在隧洞施工过程中对路基沉降进行了详细监测,监测结果表明隧洞开挖对高速公路路基有一定扰动,但对高速公路正常运营基本无影响.     

钢纤维喷混凝土在隧洞加固处理中的应用

盘道岭隧洞是引大(大通河)人秦(秦王川)总干渠上最长的无压引水隧洞,建成后在隧洞的进出口各有两段二次衬砌混凝土产生了较大宽度的纵斜向裂缝,造成险段,危及结构安全.在其它加固处理措施的基础上,重点采用喷钢纤维混凝土的技术措施进行加固处理,取得了良好效果.文章对喷钢纤维混凝土的混合料配合比设计以及施工方法等进行了分析与阐述,并以此作为隧洞加固处理的一种技术措施加以推广.     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.