生物柴油对柴油火焰碳黑生成特性影响的试验研究

为寻找低排放的经济型船用柴油机燃料,在一套能够产生稳定层流火焰的燃烧系统上,采用二维消光法,对不同掺混比例的生物柴油-柴油混合燃料B0,B10,B20和B50火焰中的碳黑生成特性进行试验研究。试验利用反演法对测得的火焰透射率进行数据分析和处理,获取了不同混合燃料火焰中的定量碳黑浓度,意在研究生物柴油对普通柴油火焰碳黑生成特性的影响。试验结果表明,在相同的火焰高度下,随着混合燃料中不断增加生物柴油,各种混合燃料均能形成稳定燃烧火焰,且在不同高度上碳黑浓度出现不同程度的降低趋势,显示了生物柴油清洁环保的特性。     

生物柴油混合燃料预混合均一性实验研究

通过对生物柴油与0#柴油混合燃料B20(生物柴油体积含量为20%)的密度测试来进行生物柴油混合燃料预混合均一性实验研究。通过多种方法混合且在标定温度下进行试验,结果表明,生物柴油混合燃料B20的密度最接近于0#柴油的密度标准范围,混合均一性良好。     

生物柴油在船用发动机上的应用及技术分析

简要介绍已开发的内燃机替代燃料的种类及其燃料特性,介绍生物柴油在船用发动机领域的国内外研究成果和应用现状,重点围绕生物柴油在船用柴油机上的运转特性和排放特性进行综合分析,针对生物柴油应用中存在的问题,探讨了可能采取的技术措施。     

集装箱运输

赫伯罗特为旗下1艘集装箱船进行生物燃料测试2月3日,赫伯罗特为旗下的1艘集装箱船(4402TEU)——“Montreal Express”号进行首次生物燃料测试,来减少船舶的二氧化碳排放量。这种生物燃料名为“B20”,由80%的低硫燃料油和20%的生物柴油组成。     

替代燃料在船用柴油机上的应用及分析

文章对已开发的内燃机替代燃料的种类及燃料特性进行归纳总结,并重点介绍液化天然气和生物柴油在船用柴油机上的应用现状和存在的问题。分析了在船用发动机上实现替代燃料高效低污染燃烧的技术措施和应用前景。     

掺烧生物柴油结合相继增压技术对柴油机性能影响试验研究

本文基于TBD234V6型柴油机,将原单涡轮增压改为双涡轮增压进行掺烧生物柴油试验。配置生物柴油体积掺混比为0%,5%,10%,15%,20%,25%共6组生物柴油掺混比,选取10%,20%,30%,40%,50%,60%,70%,80%,90%,100%共10个工况点进行试验。结果表明：相继增压柴油机生物柴油掺混比为0时,在10%～40%负荷,较原机相比,最高燃烧压力增大,油耗降低,NOx和Soot排放下降;在50%～100%负荷,最高燃烧压力与原机相比略微下降,燃油消耗率、NO_X和Soot排放略优于原机。但增大生物柴油掺混比,相继增压柴油机最高燃烧压力下降,油耗增加,NOx排放升高,显著改善Soot排放。基于试验数据,建立多目标灰色决策模型,计算得到相继增压柴油机生物柴油最佳掺混比为25%。     

柴油-LNG混燃船用柴油机特性试验

介绍了柴油-LNG混燃电控喷射系统的组成、特点及工作原理.在对X6170ZC-19柴油机进行简单改装的基础上,通过推进特性试验证明,柴油-LNG混燃柴油机的天然气消耗量计量准确,能精确控制燃料消耗量;综合替代率高;与燃用纯柴油相比,具有燃料消耗量低、热负荷低、排放指标好等优点.     

烧雷氏一号1500秒重油的首批20/27柴油发电机组顺利提交

上海船用柴油机研究所向新中动力机厂订购的15台6L20/27烧重油雷氏一号/100F1500秒的柴油发电机组在88年11月20日顺利通过船检验收。柴油机油耗为150g/hph,机组的静态特性、动态特性、并联试验、负     

柴油机掺烧生物柴油结合进气道加湿技术及喷油提前角优化

为探索掺混生物柴油燃烧耦合进气道加湿技术及喷油提前角优化对柴油机燃烧及排放性能的影响,基于TBD234V6型柴油机,应用AVL-fire软件建立仿真模型进行研究.选取柴油机在75％中高负荷工作时,生物柴油掺混比为40％通过设置0.5～2.5共5组不同水油比做仿真分析.结果表明:在生物柴油掺混比为40％(B40)时,随水...     

不同喷油策略对燃生物柴油船用柴油机燃烧和排放的影响

由于生物柴油可再生、无毒、可降解、可持续等优点,生物柴油受到了越来越多的关注。为了分析生物柴油燃烧特性和喷油策略对柴油机燃烧和排放特性的影响,本文建立三维CFD仿真模型,并采用ChemkinⅡ代码与三维AVL-Fire相耦合的方法进行计算。计算的机理主要考虑了生物柴油饱和度的69种产物和204种化学反应,并利用验证后的仿真模型研究了2种工况下3种不同喷油策略对柴油机功率、缸压、放热率、CO和NO_x排放的影响。     

MTU柴油机的新型燃油喷射系统

MTU柴油机以功率大、作功能力强、重量轻、体积小、燃油消耗率低、维修简单方便、可靠性高而受到广大用户的青睐,广泛应用于机械工程领域。最新开发的2000、4000和8000系列柴油机由于采用了新型电子燃油喷射系统,其经济性和动力性进一步提高,排放进一步优化,整体性能进一步完善。文中对这三种系列柴油机电子喷射系统的工作原理及特点进行了分析和评述。     

Thermodynamic analysis of alternative marine fuels for marine gas turbine power plants

The marine shipping industry faces challenges to reduce engine exhaust emissions and greenhouse gases (GHGs) from ships, and in particular, carbon dioxide. International regulatory bodies such as the International Maritime Organization and National Environmental Agencies of many countries have issued rules and regulations to drastically reduce GHG and emissions emanating from marine sources. This study investigates the possibility of using natural gas and hydrogen as alternative fuels to diesel oil for marine gas turbines and uses a mathematical model to assess the effect of these alternative fuels on gas turbine thermodynamic performance. Results show that since natural gas is categorized as a hydrocarbon fuel, the thermodynamic performance of the gas turbine cycle using natural gas was close to that of the diesel case. However, the gas turbine thermal efficiency was found to be slightly lower for natural gas and hydrogen fuels compared to diesel fuel.     

柴油机烟气排放状况及减排技术

基于国际海事组织对船舶柴油机烟气中NOx、SOx等有害成份的排放控制要求,文章对这些要求以及目前正在研发和应用的技术进行了归纳和分析。SCR和EGR是2种有效降低船用柴油机氮化物的手段,根据柴油机的功率大小来选取SCR或EGR能有效平衡投资金额和解决机舱的安装问题。船舶安装脱硫装置将受到低硫燃油价格的影响,从长远看,燃用低硫燃油和各种清洁燃料将是今后的发展趋势。     

船用燃气轮机动力装置替代燃料的热力学分析（英文）

The marine shipping industry faces challenges to reduce engine exhaust emissions and greenhouse gases(GHGs) from ships, and in particular, carbon dioxide. International regulatory bodies such as the International Maritime Organization and National Environmental Agencies of many countries have issued rules and regulations to drastically reduce GHG and emissions emanating from marine sources. This study investigates the possibility of using natural gas and hydrogen as alternative fuels to diesel oil for marine gas turbines and uses a mathematical model to assess the effect of these alternative fuels on gas turbine thermodynamic performance. Results show that since natural gas is categorized as a hydrocarbon fuel, the thermodynamic performance of the gas turbine cycle using natural gas was close to that of the diesel case. However, the gas turbine thermal efficiency was found to be slightly lower for natural gas and hydrogen fuels compared to diesel fuel.     

LNG船电力推进船型的方案决策

由于无法利用LNG船液货舱内自然蒸发的天然气,传统的采用柴油发电机组作为中心电站的电力推进技术一直无法在大型LNG船上使用。但是随着双燃料发动机的出现,这种局面开始发生变化。对预研中的大型LNG船采用双燃料电力推进技术进行了技术、经济性分析,论证了双燃料电力系统的可行性及电力推进系统的配置情况,以探讨LNG船电力推进船型的特点。     

船用大功率柴油机新型燃油系统的数值仿真

本文数值仿真了一种适合劣质燃油（重油）的循环式燃油系统（一泵二嘴四针阀），提出了处理喷油器和燃油分配器边界条件的准维模型以及用于喷油泵边界条件的新模型。该燃油系统已应用于MANB&WL60MC／MCE等大功率柴油机。与常规的数值仿真相比，求解管内流动的二队双曲型偏微分方程的边界条件发生了很大变化，这是燃油系统研究的难点和关键。预测结果与试验结果较为一致。本研究还进行了不同功率点变型方案的模拟研究和结构参数的优化设计分析，以满足不同船舶的需要。     

可变喷油速率的电控单体泵喷射系统控制研究

利用 AMESim软件建立柴油机喷射系统仿真模型,对柴油机的结构参数进行匹配优化,选取5种比较合理的方案,并将其中的两组导入到 AVL-BOOST整机仿真模型中,选取最优的供油定时角。在定喷油量、定供油定时角前提下,将不同喷油速率导入到柴油机仿真模型当中,研究不同喷油速率对柴油机缸内温度、压力、排放、放热率以及油耗和转矩的影响。结果表明：合理的喷油速率和供油定时角能进一步优化柴油机的综合性能,同时选取1组动力性能和经济性比较好的方案,进行柴油机的台架试验,仿真和实验的误差在2%以内。结果表明仿真有助于探索柴油机的综合性能规律。     

循环式燃油系统故障仿真及特征分析

介绍了一种船舶柴油机用循环式燃油系统的结构特点,详细分析了这种燃油系统的燃油压力波形特征。对该不同燃油粘度、不同燃油比重和１２种典型故障下的燃油喷射过程进行了计算机仿真计算和特征参数的相对偏差分析,揭示了各种故障的燃油压力波形特征及与系统故障的内在联系,分析了各特征参数对不同故障的敏感特性。     

The use of hydrogen as a fuel for inland waterway units

Escalating apprehension about the harmful effects of widespread use of conventional fossil fuels in the marine field and in internal combustion engines in general, has led to a vast amount of efforts and the directing of large capital investment towards research and development of sustainable alternative energy sources. One of the most promising and abundant of these sources is hydrogen. Firstly, the use of current fossil fuels is. discussed focusing on the emissions and economic sides to emphasize the need for a new, cleaner and renewable fuel with particular reference to hydrogen as a suitable possible alternative. Hydrogen properties, production and storage methods are then reviewed along with its suitability from the economical point of view. Finally, a cost analysis for the use of hydrogen in internal combustion engines is carried out to illustrate the benefits of its use as a replacement for diesel. The outcome of this cost analysis shows that 98% of the capital expenditure is consumed by the equipment, and 68.3% of the total cost of the equipment is spent on the solar photovoltaic cells. The hydrogen plant is classified as a large investment project because of its high initial cost which is about 1 billion US$; but this is justified because hydrogen is produced in a totally green way. When hydrogen is used as a fuel, no harmful emissions are obtained.     

使用氢气作为内陆水路燃料调查研究(英文)

Escalating apprehension about the harmful effects of widespread use of conventional fossil fuels in the marine field and in internal combustion engines in general, has led to a vast amount of efforts and the directing of large capital investment towards research and development of sustainable alternative energy sources. One of the most promising and abundant of these sources is hydrogen. Firstly, the use of current fossil fuels is discussed focusing on the emissions and economic sides to emphasize the need for a new, cleaner and renewable fuel with particular reference to hydrogen as a suitable possible alternative. Hydrogen properties, production and storage methods are then reviewed along with its suitability from the economical point of view. Finally, a cost analysis for the use of hydrogen in internal combustion engines is carried out to illustrate the benefits of its use as a replacement for diesel. The outcome of this cost analysis shows that 98% of the capital expenditure is consumed by the equipment, and 68.3% of the total cost of the equipment is spent on the solar photovoltaic cells. The hydrogen plant is classified as a large investment project because of its high initial cost which is about 1 billion US$; but this is justified because hydrogen is produced in a totally green way. When hydrogen is used as a fuel, no harmful emissions are obtained.