七里坪隧道浅埋偏压段支护措施优化研究

文章以改建铁路湘桂线永州至柳州段扩能改造工程七里坪隧道工程实例为依托,考虑了浅埋偏压隧道的地质特性以及围岩受力特征,结合七里坪隧道的支护措施,运用三维离散元软件3DEC对七里坪隧道的锚杆支护方案进行了优化.     

半荷载结构法检算浅埋(偏压)隧道结构之探讨

浅埋和偏压隧道在隧道规范和设计手册中都列有荷载计算公式.对于整体式衬砌,多年来均用荷载结构法进行结构检算,计算中不考虑施工支护受力,当前的标准图均按此法编制.近年来,锚喷支护的使用日益普及,尤其在浅埋和偏压地段锚喷的厚度大、强度高,投入费用大,其作用已不可忽视.文章提出的半荷载结构法,采用规范规定的荷载,可考虑锚杆加固后的围岩以及锚喷初期支护受力,与以往的荷载结构法相比较,认为采用半荷载结构法更加稳妥和合理.     

浅埋黄土隧道土石分界高度对初期支护结构安全性的影响分析

为获得浅埋黄土隧道土石分界高度对初期支护结构安全性的影响,文章以临县隧道为工程背景,采用数值模拟的方法研究了浅埋土石分界高度及土石分界面位置对隧道初期支护结构安全性的影响。结果表明:土石分界致使隧道初期支护结构安全系数发生突变,分界面倾斜时安全系数分布不对称。同一种埋深条件下,随着土石分界面位置的下移,土石分界面以上部分偏压减弱,分界面以下的部分偏压增强。同一界面深度条件下,隧道初期支护结构左右断面偏压情况随着埋深增加而增大。当土石分界面分别位于隧道上导坑和中下导坑、分界面倾角为10°时,可通过增加20%隧道左侧荷载或减小20%右侧抗力系数来进行荷载计算。     

浅埋偏压隧道开挖顺序的数值模拟研究

以谷竹高速公路上腰店隧道为研究对象,利用有限元对浅埋偏压的隧道进口段不同施工顺序时的力学响应进行了数值模拟,分析了围岩的位移、应力以及初期支护结构中的内力分布。     

超浅埋盾构法隧道施工方案三维有限元分析

文章以某水库流域污水通道盾构法隧道施工方案为工程背景,运用MARC大型三维有限元分析系统,对该超浅埋盾构法施工方案进行了三维有限元模拟,分析了不同工况下盾构衬砌和锚杆的受力及变形,并计算出了盾构衬砌的纵向接缝张开量及锚杆轴力.     

浅埋偏压隧道进洞施工技术

文章结合铁寨子13隧道工程实例,介绍了进洞方案的比选、施工过程中出现的问题及其处理方法,提出了在浅埋偏压、复杂地质条件下采用明拱暗墙法进洞施工技术,既可确保洞口边仰坡稳定,又可保证进洞安全.在施工过程中采用超前长管棚注浆预加固、钢拱架和喷混凝土作初期支护、分部开挖等技术措施,从而确保了隧道施工的安全.     

浅埋隧道洞口段Ⅳ级围岩开挖方案比选数值分析

结合隧址地质特征,运用有限元数值分析方法,对比分析了北固山隧道出口段在采用不同开挖工法条件下围岩和支护结构受力与变形规律的差异,同时结合施工工序和工程特点对不同开挖方法的选取进行了分析比选,最后得出了北固山隧道出口段采用弧形导洞预留核心土法开挖是符合隧道设计规范、又满足围岩及支护稳定性要求的施工方案,且施工工艺简易,经济.研究成果将对同类地质条件下隧道的设计和施工具有指导意义.     

苏家湾隧道初期支护变形侵限处理措施及施工工艺的研究

文章针对苏家湾隧道发生的初期支护变形侵限的病害,通过对隧道洞身地质条件的分析,并利用有限元软件MIDAS-GTS对隧道初期支护结构及二次衬砌进行了验算,确定出控制隧道初期支护变形的支护参数;并提出施工前加强对隧道中线顶部地表的地形地貌调查,完善排水系统、隧道内加强支护系统、适当加大预留变形量,并加强监控量测等施工工艺和处理措施。     

基于Python的ABAQUS二次开发及其在浅埋偏压隧道分析中的应用

为了提高大型有限元软件ABAQUS分析浅埋偏压隧道的效率,文章基于Python语言对ABAQUS前后处理进行二次开发,提出了程序开发的思路及一般步骤。基于此,研究了一种参数化计算程序,用于模拟不同的偏压角和埋深对浅埋偏压隧道稳定性的影响。后处理方面,实现了用户自定义的计算结果输出。应用开发的程序分析了偏压角在1°~40°及埋深在20~30 m情况下围岩、衬砌的变形受力规律。结果表明,所开发的程序能有效解决ABAQUS研究浅埋偏压隧道时前后处理中的重复性工作,提高了分析问题的效率。同时为基于Python的二次开发在其它领域中的应用提供了指导和借鉴。     

软岩公路隧道系统锚杆概率可靠度及灵敏度分析

为了解锚喷支护中系统锚杆受力情况,判断隧道衬砌结构稳定性,确保施工安全,避免支护结构失稳带来的损失,结合工点工程地质条件,选择围岩弹性模量、衬砌厚度等作为主要随机变量,计算得到锚杆概率可靠度.利用Spearman秩相关系数对锚杆概率灵敏度进行分析,认为围岩物性参数和喷混凝土厚度是影响锚杆可靠性的主要因素.要提高锚喷支护的安全和稳定性,除保证系统锚杆施工质量外,应确保喷混凝土厚度及其施工质量.在研究段落选择任意断面埋设预制测试锚杆,对隧道周边围岩不同点位锚杆锚固力进行连续监测,获得了大量实测数据;通过绘制时态曲线和锚杆轴力图,分析得到锚杆轴力大小、横向分布及时态变化情况,从承载力角度验证了锚杆的可靠度,现场测试与概率可靠度计算结果吻合.     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.