粉沙质海岸建港的若干泥沙问题

粉沙质海岸泥沙活跃，易起易沉，易发生骤淤，曾一度被视为建港“禁区”，并成为泥沙研究的“盲区”。文章在调查研究的基础上，对粉沙质海岸建港中的泥沙问题进行了分析，论述了粉沙质海岸港口的回淤及海床冲刷问题，提出了在粉沙质海岸建港中防冲淤措施及有待研究的问题。     

黄骅港外航道泥沙问题的治理及其效果

黄骅港航道泥沙骤淤问题是港口发展的主要障碍,在现场观测资料、动力条件、泥沙环境和淤积成因分析的基础上,介绍了黄骅港航道泥沙问题治理的研究方法、整治工程后的淤积情况和实际效果。结合几年来参与黄骅港泥沙研究工作,介绍了研究过程中的经验和体会,包括关于海岸的性质划分、粉沙质海岸航道骤淤的条件和泥沙运动形式、粉沙质海岸泥沙研究的特点和粉沙质海岸航道泥沙骤淤的治理。     

粉沙质海岸的泥沙运动和外航道淤积

文章分析了粉沙质海岸泥沙运动特性和粉沙质海岸外航道泥沙淤积特点,针对粉沙质海岸存在的悬移质、推移质和近底流移质3种泥沙运移形态,提出了计算粉沙质海岸外航道淤积的三层模式,并推导了临底流移质淤积计算的实用公式,进而建立了适用于粉沙质海岸外航道淤积的实用公式,并以黄骅港实测资料为依据,计算了黄骅港曾出现的大风淤积,并与实测结果进行对比,结果显示趋势一致、量级吻合,公式可推广应用。     

黄骅港航道整治与发展前景

文章总结了黄骅港航道淤积特点和防沙减淤整治经验,分析了粉沙质海岸上各港区扩建航道的可行性和合理性。根据黄骅港的发展历程,目前黄骅港建设的起步阶段已经完成,粉沙质海岸建港优势逐渐体现。黄骅港航道整治成功不仅保证黄骅港健康发展,也为其他粉沙质海岸建港提供有益的参考。     

“粉沙质海岸泥沙运动规律研究及工程应用”成果获国家科技进步二等奖

<正>本刊从交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究院获悉,交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究院"粉沙质海岸泥沙运动规律研究及工程应用"成果获得2014年度国家科技进步二等奖。该成果依托黄骅港和京唐港区等重大港口工程建设,系统地开展了粉沙质海岸泥沙水力特性、运移形态、淤积规律、航道治理方法及工程应用研究,解决了粉沙质海岸港口建设与发展的瓶颈问题。该成果已成功应用于黄骅港、京唐港、潍坊港、滨州港、东营港以及国外巴基斯坦瓜达尔港、印尼AWAR电厂码头等港口工程中,研究成果纳入《海港水文规     

天津南港工业区通海航道泥沙水力特性试验研究

规划南港工业区拟建一条通海航道,为确定航道底质泥沙属性,为航道工程的相关研究与建设提供技术依据,根据南港地区已有资料,对航道内现场取样的底质泥沙进行了水动力特性试验,并与附近天津港和黄骅港航道泥沙特性进行了类比。结果表明:南港工业区泥沙"活跃性"比粉沙质海岸性质的黄骅港泥沙弱而又比天津港强,泥沙特性与天津港泥沙更接近,应划定为淤泥质海岸。     

侵蚀性粉沙质海岸港口设计相关问题探讨

我国在侵蚀性粉沙质海岸建设港口还缺乏足够的经验。本文结合盐城港滨海港区起步工程,对侵蚀性粉沙质海岸建港条件进行了分析。结合研究成果提出适应此种海岸自然条件特征的港口平面布局,提出了在侵蚀性粉沙质海岸建设港口应遵循的原则,并对相关问题进行了探讨,为类似条件港口设计提供借鉴。     

粉沙质海岸的界定及其泥沙运动特点

将床沙中值粒径d50=0.131～01125 mm和d40>0.031 mm的海岸定义为粉沙质海岸,指出粉沙质海岸泥沙运动的特点为:泥沙活跃,易悬易沉,运移型态为悬移质和推移质共存,易发生强淤或骤淤.     

《海岸河口工程研究论丛》第一期10部著作出版发行

<正>本刊从交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究院获悉,由交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究院科技人员撰写的《海岸河口工程研究论丛》第一期10部著作已由人民交通出版社出版发行。10部著作为:《粉沙质海岸泥沙运动及航道淤积机理》、《波流耦合下淤泥质海岸水沙运动三维模拟》、《基于薛定谔方程的非线性波浪传播理论》、《港航工程泥沙淤积计算手册》、《海岸河口数学模型》、《辐射沙洲建港技术研究》、《粉沙质海岸     

粉沙质海岸的界定及其泥沙运动特点

将床沙中值粒径d50=0.31mm～0.125mn和d40>0.031mm的海岸定义为粉沙质海岸,指出粉沙质海岸泥沙运动的特点为泥沙活跃;易悬易沉运移型态为悬移质和推移质共存,易发生强淤或骤淤.     

阜阳水系综合整治项目颍河边滩植被水流研究

阜阳水系综合治理项目包含颍河凤凰湿地建设,凤凰湿地在颍河边滩布置挺水植物和沉水植物等,形成边滩植被水流的形态。通过由实验室实测数据验证过的边滩双层植被(分别模拟挺水植物、沉水植物)的流速分布解析解,推求颍河凤凰湿地的流速分布。结合流速分布结果,对工程的防冲设计进行验证,为边滩生态湿地项目的设计提供了边滩植被水流计算方法。     

The Impacts of Recreational Four-Wheel Driving on the Abundance of the Ghost Crab (Ocypode cordimanus) on a Subtropical Sandy Beach in SE Queensland

There is increasing concern regarding the impacts of recreational four-wheel driving (4WDing) on sandy beach environments. The ghost crab Ocypode cordimanus is a widely distributed Australian species that utilizes beaches and dunes for constructing burrows and for foraging. Comparisons of ghost crab abundances (using burrow counts) in areas “open” and “closed” to recreational 4WDing were conducted on exposed sandy beaches on North Stradbroke Island, off the coast of southeast Queensland. Beaches where recreational 4WD activity is present had significantly lower ghost crab abundances than beaches where it is absent. The most plausible reason for this difference in abundance is that ghost crabs are highly vulnerable to being crushed by beach traffic when feeding on the beach at night. To mitigate the impacts of recreational 4WDing on ghost crab population management intervention is needed. Possible changes to the management of recreational 4WD activity include the setting aside of areas free of recreational 4WD activity for the conservation of biodiversity, or a prohibition on driving on the beaches between dusk and dawn. There is also a need for a consistent and transparent approach in Queensland for quantifying and monitoring 4WD activity in sandy beach environments.     

Exposure of Fauna to Off-Road Vehicle (ORV) Traffic on Sandy Beaches

Driving of off-road vehicles (ORVs) on sandy beaches is common and widespread, but is not universally embraced due to putative environmental impacts on beach biota. For ORVs to impact the beach fauna, traffic areas must overlap with faunal habitat: a fundamental pre-requisite for impact assessments but as yet un-quantified for sandy beaches. Thus, this study quantified the spatial and temporal patterns of ORV traffic on five Australian beaches, and measured the degree to which the distribution of intertidal macro-invertebrates overlaps with traffic zones. Traffic volumes on beaches can be considerable (up to 500 vehicles per day). The position of beach traffic across the beach-face is principally governed by tides and driver behavior. Despite driver education campaigns to the contrary, a considerable fraction of vehicles (16–67%) traverses the soft, upper shore near the foredunes. The majority (65%) of burrowing invertebrate species of the intertidal zone is directly exposed to traffic, save for species inhabiting the swash zone. Because beach traffic presents a formidable management challenge, a fundamental first step in identifying whether ecological impacts are indeed likely, is to assess the potential for spatial and temporal conflict between human pressures (e.g., ORVs) and biological resources (e.g., beach fauna). Although this potential is certainly substantial for sandy shores used by ORVs, the actual ecological impacts on the intertidal fauna can only be predicted in situations where the responses (e.g., direct mortality, behavioral changes) of individual species to beach traffic are known.     

Resilience of Touristic Island Beaches Under Sea Level Rise: A Methodological Framework

This contribution addresses the need for a simple model for managers to employ when planning strategies for the management of touristic beaches under sea level rise. A methodological framework was developed and tested in two Aegean archipelago islands (Lesvos and Rhodes, Greece). The scheme can represent the status of touristic island beaches, based on easily obtained variables/indicators and projections of beach erosion/retreat under different scenarios of mean sea level rise (MSLR) and extreme events. Information on beach geomorphological characteristics, environmental setting, water quality, management, and services (such as those used in the “Blue Flag” classification) was collated/collected and beach erosion/retreat due to CV & C was estimated through suitable ensembles of cross-shore (1-D) morphodynamic models. A Strength-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) framework was employed to assist in the selection of indicators and multicriteria analysis used to optimize indicator weights and rank beaches according to their sustainability under sea level rise. Implementation of the framework at the two islands has shown that: the majority of Lesvos and Rhodes beaches (82% of a total of 217 beaches and 58% of a total of 97 beaches, respectively) can be classified as beaches with no, or minimal, human interference, suggesting that under environmentally sound coastal management further touristic development might be afforded; there could be very significant effects of the sea level rise on the carrying and buffering capacities of the most developed (“Blue Flag”) beaches, with some expected even under conservative projections to be completely eroded by 2100, unless technical adaptation measures are taken; and using the proposed framework, touristic beaches can be rapidly ranked in terms of their resilience to sea level rise and their development potential, allowing prioritization of effective management responses.     

桃源枢纽坝下汇流区推移质运动特性试验研究

为分析桃源枢纽坝下汇流区推移质运动特性,采用整体定床物理模型开展了定床水流和定床输沙试验,观测各级流量下水流要素和输沙带分布。对比分析发现,随来流汇流比的不同,汇流区水动力条件复杂多变,但汇流区泥沙淤积体范围总是与主流带分布密切相关。推移质泥沙沿主流带输移,泥沙淤积体多见于输沙带边线处、流线转折较大处以及河床局部背水面下凹处。中枯水期因下泄水流流速较大,且沿程流速迅速降低,坝下推移质泥沙为短距离泥沙输移;洪水期因河段流速整体较大,为长距离泥沙输移。     

长江中游牧鹅洲关联演变河段航道整治方案

长江中游河段河床多为沙质,河床演变剧烈,受两岸石山、矶头和人工护岸工程等节点控制,上下游河段演变具有明显的关联性特征.以牧鹅洲水道为例,对其演变特征及其与下游湖广水道的关联特性进行分析,基于目前航道的不利变化趋势,结合已实施航道整治工程对本河段整治方案进行研究.通过在牧鹅洲水道实施护滩工程,同时解决牧鹅洲边滩中低滩冲刷...     

波浪作用下沙波的运动速度和沙波床面的底沙输移

根据沙波床面底沙运动特点,引用二阶Stokes波浪理论,推导出波浪作用下沙波运行速度计算公式,并给出沙波床面上底沙输移的计算公式.公式计算结果与水槽试验结果吻合很好.     

Visitor Preferences for Public Beach Amenities and Beach Restoration in South Florida

Coastal erosion threatens many sandy beaches and the ecological, economic, social and cultural amenities they provide. The problem is especially chronic in South Florida. A frequent solution for beach restoration involves sand replacement, or nourishment, but is temporary, expensive, and has usually been funded by governmental sources. However, as such agencies reduce their share and require more local funding, beach nourishment must rely on other funding sources, including beach recreationists. Our study characterized three South Florida beaches and probed visitor willingness-to-pay for beach nourishment. We found that even beaches within close proximity attract different user types. Users are amenable to higher fees if they lead to greater resource protection.     

Public access to ocean beaches: If you find a parking space,how do you get to the beach

The public presently owns, or has the right to use, a substantial portion of the nation's ocean beaches. However, the public cannot, in fact, use many of these beaches because there is no legal access to them. As the coast develops, more and more areas become closed to the public. The states are now being encouraged to plan for access to the beaches; there are a number of tools and techniques at their disposal.     

Comparison of Beach Nourishment along the U.S. Atlantic,Great Lakes,Gulf of Mexico,and New England Shorelines

The U.S. national beach nourishment experience is summarized for the East Coast barrier islands, the Gulf of Mexico, New England, and the Great Lakes. A total of 1,305 nourishment episodes on 382 beaches are recorded at a total estimated cost of approximately $1.4 billion ($2.5 billion in 1996 dollars). In terms of both volume and costs, nourishment has been the most extensive by far on the East Coast barrier islands. Depending on the region, between 65% and 85% of all nourishment projects have a federal funding component. Annual expenditures and sand volumes for beach nourishment are increasing, especially on East Coast barriers. At present, total annual national beach nourishment costs (excluding the Pacific Coast) are on the order of $100 million per year. The cost per cubic yard of nourishment sand as expressed in 1996 dollars has remained more or less constant over time. Additionally, the volumes of sand needed for subsequent nourishment episodes on individual beaches do not decrease, despite contrary assumptions in the shoreface-profile-ofequilibrium concept that subsequent nourishment volumes should diminish. In light of the historical experience of beach nourishment identified in this study, individual state and local coastal communities should reevaluate their plans for future beach nourishment programs. The complete listing of all the data on nourished beaches from this survey is available at www.geo.duke.edu/Research/psds/psds.htm