材料性能和压入深度对球压痕堆积/沉陷的影响

压痕硬度受材料堆积/沉陷影响明显,通过有限元仿真技术分析了材料性能和压入深度对堆积/沉陷的影响,结果表明,随着弹性模量与屈服强度比、压入深度增加或硬化指数减小,材料的沉陷量减小而堆积量增加;当弹性模量与屈服强度比相对较小时,堆积/沉陷受硬化指数的影响较明显。根据建立的等效应变与材料堆积/沉陷的拟合函数关系,可以判断压痕过程的堆积/沉陷状态,从而对计算得到的压痕硬度的准确性进行评判。     

Asymmetric deformation of near hemispherical diaphragm under uniform surface load

The asymmetric deformation and eccentricity problems of near hemispherical diaphragm under the uniform surface load are quantitatively characterized in the paper. The analysis is based on a 3D finite element analysis (FEA) model established according to elastic-plasticity and large displacement nonlinear finite element method. Besides, the deformation experiments are taken to validate the reliability of FEA model which shows that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Then, three angle parameters, deflection angle β, circumvolving angle θ and distributing angle γ, are introduced and expressed to characterize the asymmetric deformation and eccentricity quantitatively. According to the angle parameters, the inversion processes of uniform thickness diaphragm and varying thickness diaphragm are calculated respectively. The inversion process of varying thickness diaphragm is much steadier than that of uniform thickness diaphragm. The present results show that the asymmetric deformation process can be characterized by curve of three angle parameters (β, θ, γ) exactly, the degrees of eccentricity can be indicated by the final value of deflection angle and the eccentricity position can be characterized by the final values of the three angle parameters.     

多孔棉布-酚醛轴承保持架的应变速率敏感性

为了分析研究多孔棉布-酚醛轴承保持架的应变速率敏感性，使用纳米压痕仪测量其在应变速率为0.01～ 0.05 s?1时的硬度和弹性模量，通过Kelvin-Voigt模型对材料的黏弹性进行分析，研究了材料在不同应变速率下的应变硬化效应和应变局部软化效应. 研究结果表明:随着应变速率提高，多孔棉布-酚醛材料的硬度和弹性模量先增加后减小；当应变速率从0.01 s?1增加到0.05 s?1，多孔棉布-酚醛材料硬度和弹性模量的增加与材料的应变硬化现象有关；当应变速率从0.05 s?1增加到0.30 s?1，蠕变位移显著增加，接触刚度快速降低，形变以热的形式消耗在压头与材料的接触界面，压头接触区材料从黏弹性向黏性转变，局部材料黏度降低，硬度和弹性模量快速减小；多孔棉布-酚醛的硬度和弹性模量随应变速率的变化是应变硬化效应和应变局部软化效应竞争的结果.      

钨合金基体相原位细观性能的测定

为研究钨合金材料基体相的细观本构关系,采用纳米压痕实验,测定了钨合金基体相微观硬度和平均弹性模量.由纳米压痕实验得到的载荷-位移关系,利用材料的弹塑性硬化模型,经有限元计算,得到了基体相细观屈服强度、硬化模量、弹塑性性能参数和应力-应变关系曲线.分析结果表明,合金成分及变形强化是影响钨合金强度和硬度的两个基本因素.钨合金基体相微观强度和硬度随变形量或钨含量增大而增大.     

PBL剪力连接器的承载机理与屈服荷载

为了研究PBL剪力连接器的变形特征,通过4类9组共33个试件的加载试验,测试了外加荷载和PBL连接器变形,结合试件破坏形态,揭示了PBL剪力连接器在加载全过程的承载机理,探明了影响PBL连接器变形性能的主要因素.在此基础上,提出了PBL连接器屈服荷载的定义及计算公式.研究结果表明:PBL连接器的工作可分为拟弹性、弹塑性和屈服3个阶段;混凝土榫的剪断,导致PBL连接件屈服,屈服滑移量为1.2 mm;在弹性、弹塑性阶段由混凝土榫和钢筋共同承载;在屈服阶段,主要由芯棒钢筋承载;芯棒钢筋直径和强度、混凝土榫的直径是影响变形性能的主要因素,芯棒钢筋直径不宜小于16 mm.      

京杭运河特大桥高性能混凝土徐变试验研究

本文结合宿淮高速公路京杭运河特大桥主桥高性能混凝土徐变试验,提出弹性模量和徐变度的计算公式．采用该公式的计算结果与测试结果符合较好。通过分析认为,该混凝土早期强度和弹性模量较高、徐变系数较低．对减小预应力损失和后期变形。     

Properties and electronic structure of iron under pressure up to 30GPa

The properties and electronic structure of Fe under pressures of 0–30GPa have been studied by first principles employing the density functional theory (DFT), the ultra-soft pseudo-potentials (USPP) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The calculating results show that there is a structural transition from magnetic body-centered cubic (bcc) to nonmagnetic hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) structure for Fe around 11GPa pressure. There is a pseudogap both in the density of states (DOS) for bcc and hcp Fe. The pseudogap of bcc Fe is deeper and wider than that of hcp Fe. The elastic modulus is obtained by Voigt-Reuss-Hill averaging scheme. The results indicate that the elastic properties of bcc Fe enhance with pressure except for elastic stiffness constant C ₁₁, shear modulus G and elastic modulus E at the transition pressure, while the elastic properties of hcp Fe increase linearly with pressure. Magnetic bcc Fe is ductile, and hcp Fe becomes ductile from brittle around 25GPa.     

溶蚀岩体各向异性力学性质的试验研究

溶蚀岩体通常对岩体工程稳定性具有关键控制作用. 为了揭示富含层理溶蚀岩体各向异性力学性质演化规律，分别针对不同溶蚀率（K = 0%，5%，10%，15%，20%）的岩体进行室内单轴抗压试验，获取每种溶蚀率条件下不同夹角（α = 0°，30°，45°，60°，90°）抗压强度和弹性模量，分析岩体破坏特征，依据试验结果建立含层理溶蚀岩体抗压强度和弹性模量的预测模型，并进行实验验证. 结果表明:抗压强度在α = 0°，90° 时最大，α = 45° 时最小，整体呈现对称U形；弹性模量在α = 60° 最小，α = 90° 最大，整体呈现不对称U形；完整岩体抗压强度以及弹性模量的各向异性指数最大，分别为1.98、3.05，随着溶蚀率增大其值逐渐减小，K = 20%时，分别为1.10、1.36；溶蚀率较小岩体变形破坏受岩体基质和层理控制，以劈裂、错动剪切和滑动剪切为主；随着溶蚀率增大，变形破坏受溶蚀孔隙和骨架控制明显，以骨架鼓胀剪切错动、压碎破坏为主.      

双线性强化隧道和桩孔三剪弹塑性解

将隧道和桩孔简化为厚壁圆筒, 基于三剪强度准则和双线性强化模型, 考虑材料的应变强化和中间主应力效应, 推导了厚壁圆筒在均匀内外压作用下的弹塑性极限解, 并给出恒定外压条件下塑性区半径与内压的关系式, 分析了强化模量系数、半径比、中间主应力与材料强度拉压异性对厚壁圆筒弹塑性极限解的影响规律。研究结果表明: 所得弹塑性极限解克服了Tresca屈服准则与Mises屈服准则未考虑拉压异性, Tresca屈服准则与Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则未考虑中间主应力与双剪强度理论极限解存在滑移面突变现象的不足; 弹塑性极限解均随半径比与中间主应力影响系数的增大而增大, 随拉压强度比的增大而减小, 外压对极限内压的影响程度随着拉压强度比的增大而减小; 当强化模量系数为0.1、半径比为2时, 考虑强化效应的塑性极限内压比不考虑时相对增大10%以上, 随着半径比增大到4, 塑性极限内压比不考虑强化效应时相对增大38%以上, 强化效应影响更加明显, 故对于存在应变强化效应的材料, 采用双线性强化模型的分析结果更接近工程实际; 当不考虑中间主应力与应变强化时, 土体的极限扩孔压力弹塑性极限解与Vesic解相差在0.02%以内, 当考虑了土体的中间主应力和应变强化效应后, 塑性区半径与内半径比为10时, 弹塑性极限解分别是Vesic解的1.06、1.81倍, 因此, 基于Vesic解的极限扩孔压力过于保守。      

Effect of Gr Content and Hot Extrusion on Tensile Properties of （Nano-SiCp~-Gr）/Cu Composites Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy

Novel hybrid Cu matrix composites reinforced by graphite (Gr) particle with volume fraction of 5%?C15% and nano-SiC particle (nano-SiCp) with volume fraction of 3% have been prepared by powder metallurgy. The results show that Gr and nano-SiCp distribute uniformly in the Cu matrix. With increasing the volume fraction of Gr, the tensile strength of the composites decreases from 114 to 51MPa and the elastic modulus decreases from 75 to 60GPa. Compared with the sintered composites, the tensile properties including elastic modulus, tensile strength, yield strength and tensile elongation of the hot-extruded (nano-SiCp+Gr)/Cu composites are improved greatly due to higher relative density of the composites and more uniform distribution of Gr and nano-SiCp, in addition to finer grain size of the matrix as a result of dynamic recovery and recrystallization which occur during hot extrusion process.     

Dynamic recrystallization behavior and microstructural evolution in SPHC steel

The dynamic recrystallization(DRX) behaviors in SPHC steel were investigated with hot compression tests at deformation temperatures of 950-1 150,strain rates of 0.1-15 s-1,and initial austenite grain sizes of 86-232 μm.The effects of deformation temperature,strain,strain rate and the initial austenite grain size on the microstructural evolution during DRX were studied in detail.The results show that DRX is observed under the condition of the Zener-Hollomon parameter being less than 1.07×10 13 s-1.The deformation activation energy for SPHC steel is calculated to be 299.4 kJ/mol by regression analysis.Austenite grain size of DRX is refined with decreasing temperature and increasing strain rate under steady state conditions,but it is not influenced by the initial grain size.The mathematical equation of DRX grain size of SPHC steel is obtained.     

基于有限差分法的边坡稳定影响因素分析

首先探讨了有限差分法自身的误差,提出了合理的网格密度及边界条件;然后,通过与极限平衡法的比较,研究了剪胀角、抗拉强度、泊松比及弹性模量对边坡安全系数的敏感性以及对边坡变形特征的影响。研究表明:剪胀角、泊松比和弹性模量对边坡破坏时变形的影响较为明显,但弹性模量相对泊松比更为明显,抗拉强度较小时对边坡变形有影响。     

应用便携式落锤弯沉仪测定路基回弹模量

应用便携式落锤弯沉仪(PFWD),研究了动弹性模量与压实度和含水量的关系,得出动弹性模量与静弹性模量、压实度和含水量相关系数大于0.85,动弹性模量最大值在最佳含水量附近,这与实际情况相符.结果表明,PFWD可用于路基回弹模量的快速检测和评价.     

碳纤维增强铝基复合材料的制备及其拉伸性能

利用挤压铸造方法,采用三种不同的凝固条件,制备了连续长碳纤维增强铝基复合材料的拉伸试样,并对其拉伸性能进行了试验。试验结果表明,该复合材料的抗拉强度和弹性模量皆随碳纤维的体积含量增加而增加。含48％碳纤维的复合材料比基体材料的拉伸强度高50％以上,但塑性指标随碳纤维含量的增加而显降低,当连续碳纤维的体积含量较小时,凝固条件对该复合材料的抗拉强度影响较大,对弹性模量的影响较小;当碳纤维的体积含量较大时,凝固条件对该复合材料的抗拉强度影响较小,而对弹性模量的影响较大。     

冻融循环对云贵高原尾矿土力学性质的影响

为研究尾矿力学指标在冻融循环过程中的弱化规律,基于冻融尾矿土的常规三轴固结不排水剪切试验,对冻融前后尾矿土的各项力学指标进行了分析.首先对尾矿土试样进行开放条件下的冻融试验,设置0、1、5、10、15次冻融;然后对不同冻融次数下的尾矿土进行常规三轴固结不排水剪切试验,设置50、100、200、300 kPa 4组围压;最后基于试验结果,对抗剪强度、峰值抗剪强度及弹性模量等力学指标进行分析.研究表明:冻融对尾矿土的力学性质影响显著,随着冻融次数的增加,其应力-应变关系曲线由应变软化型逐渐向加工硬化型发展;破坏形式由脆性剪切破坏转变为延性破坏,剪切过程中孔压负增长的趋势逐渐减弱至消失;抗剪强度指标、峰值抗剪强度及弹性模量逐渐降低,其中,尾矿土受第1次冻融的扰动最大,表现为有效凝聚力和有效内摩擦角分别降低了30.55%和6.33%;峰值抗剪强度下降比的平均值达42.66%,弹性模量下降比的平均值达33.61%;10次冻融后尾矿土的力学指标趋于稳定,从第10次到第15次冻融,有效凝聚力和有效内摩擦角分别降低2.94%和0.37%;峰值抗剪强度下降比的平均值和平均弹性模量下降比的平均值分别为2....     

碳纤维增强铝基复合材料的制备及其拉伸性能

利用挤压铸造方法,采用三种不同的凝固条件,制备了连续长碳纤维增强铝基复合材料的拉伸试样,并对其拉伸性能进行了试验．试验结果表明,该复合材料的抗拉强度和弹性模量皆随碳纤维的体积含量增加而增加．含48％碳纤维的复合材料比基体材料的拉伸强度高50％以上．但塑性指标随碳纤维含量的增加而显著降低．当连续碳纤维的体积含量较小时,凝固条件对该复合材料的抗拉强度影响较大,对弹性模量的影响较小;当碳纤维的体积含量较大时,凝固条件对该复合材料的抗拉强度影响较小,而对弹性模量的影响较大．     

全无缝桥梁用掺橡胶粉LEM-SHCC路桥连接板拉伸性能及其应用

为了解决全无缝桥梁路桥连接板裂缝宽度与板内力过大等问题,将橡胶粉等体积部分替代细砂掺入应变硬化水泥基复合(SHCC)材料可制备低弹性模量的SHCC材料(LEM-SHCC),用于全无缝桥梁路桥连接板;进行了5种不同体积橡胶粉掺量(0、5%、10%、15%和20%)LEM-SHCC基本材性(密度、抗压强度和弹性模量)及拉伸性能试验,分析了橡胶粉掺量对LEM-SHCC的强度和变形性能的影响,并采用拉、压应变比差评价了橡胶粉掺量对SHCC材料的影响,获得了LEM-SHCC的最优配合比;针对橡胶粉掺量为15%的LEM-SHCC路桥连接板,研究了最不利荷载作用下(温降荷载)其吸纳变形能力、拉伸变形性能及开裂后裂缝分布规律,并与同尺寸SHCC路桥连接板的各项性能进行了比对;进行了LEM-SHCC路桥连接板的敏感参数(橡胶粉掺量、板底摩擦因数和板长等主要影响因素)有限元对比分析。研究结果表明：橡胶粉的掺入降低了SHCC的弹性模量,提升了SHCC的延性,当橡胶粉掺量达15%时,SHCC的弹性模量降低了40%,而延性却提升了近50%,且裂缝宽度有效地控制在60μm以内;LEM-SHCC路桥连接板吸纳纵向变...     

Numerical simulation of drawdown and land deformation in pumping-recovery tests performed on a circular excavation

A mathematical model, which not only fully couples fluid flow and solid skeleton deformation in unsaturated porous elastic media but also considers deformable diaphragm walls, is formulated in axially symmetric cylindrical coordinates for drawdown and land deformation. Based on this model, pumping-recovery tests in various conditions are numerically simulated to reveal the effects of elastic modulus of soil E and initial saturated hydraulic conductivity K_(sat0) on hydraulic head and land deformation. The heterogeneity with respect to E and K_(sat0) is separately taken into account. Large elastic modulus of soil contributes to both dewatering process and deformation control. Either large or small initial saturated hydraulic conductivity may cause relatively high groundwater table, while the larger one leads to smaller displacements.     

CRCP制动板锚固强度影响因素分析与结构设计

制动板端部锚固强度的影响因素主要有端部锚固力、制动板长度、混凝土弹性模量、基层弹性模量、路基回弹模量等,用有限元分析软件ANSYS,从这5个方面分析计算了端部制动板锚固系统的位移和最大应力,得出了各影响因素对端部制动板锚固强度的影响规律,提出了适合不同工程条件下制动板类型。     

重庆地维长江大桥主塔斜拉索方案比选

结合工程实际,对斜拉桥的钢绞线及钢丝斜拉索的施工流程和工艺进行了介绍和对比。由于钢丝索具有弹模、疲劳强度较高,比较容易按照设计改变截面大小的优点,该工程最终采用了平行纲丝索做为主塔斜拉索,实践证明,钢丝索的选用较为合理,桥梁结构变形满足要求。