基于声呐图像处理的船用水下目标识别技术研究

水下目标自动识别技术不论在军事领域还是商业领域都具有广泛的应用,具体包括水下军事目标的监测、渔业资源勘测、海底地形勘探等。声呐信号处理是船舶水下目标探测的关键环节,可以分为声呐系统回声信号处理和声呐图像处理2种,本文主要研究的是声呐图像处理类型。本文充分利用基于小波变换的图像滤波技术、图像分割技术、特征提取技术等,改善了船用水下目标识别技术的工作效率和工作精度。     

基频线谱提取技术在船舶水下目标识别系统的应用

基于目标物的辐射雷达回波信号是船舶水下识别系统的主流技术,水下噪声的混入会对识别产生干扰,时域分析很难区分噪声与目标信号特征。频域特性分布是区分雷达回波辐射噪声及干扰噪声的主要手段,通过对辐射信号及噪声的频谱提取,可以获取目标信号和干扰信号在基频频谱的特性,设计滤波器去除噪声。本文研究目标雷达回波信号及水下噪声信号的特性,在基础上提出基于基频线谱提取技术的噪声分离策略,最后对算法进行仿真。     

声呐员回声训练环境仿真技术研究

近年来,随着水下目标声特性测试技术及测试需求的提高,测得了大量的宝贵数据。如何建立完善的水下目标声特性数据库并充分利用这些数据,使之服务于水下战场成为当务之急。声呐员是舰船、潜艇上的＂千里眼＂、＂顺风耳＂,对海军作战具有很重要的作用。基于水下目标声散射特性数据库的声呐员训练环境仿真是以方便声呐员基地训练为目的,把水下目标声散射特性数据充分应用于声呐员的回声训练。仿真结果能够很好地模拟真实数据,为声呐员在基地训练提供服务。本文介绍了数据库设计以及基于此数据库的声呐员训练环境仿真。     

基于目标MFCC特征的监督学习方法在被动声呐目标识别中的应用研究

以机器学习为代表的智能技术迅猛发展,也为被动声呐目标识别提供了新的思路。利用机器学习算法挖掘水声目标信号深层特征,实现目标自动识别、辅助识别,成为被动声呐目标识别的新发展方向。本文针对水下噪声目标的信号特性,结合人耳在低信噪比、多目标环境下的优异识别性能,提取被动声呐目标经典听觉感知特征——梅尔倒谱(MFCC),并引入KNN、SVM、CNN和DBN四种机器学习算法对两类水声目标进行监督学习和识别分析。试验结果表明,监督学习方法应用于被动声呐目标识别具有可行性,且其中DBN方法对目标MFCC特征的识别性能最佳。     

基于调制线谱特征提取的被动声呐目标识别技术研究

目标噪声特征提取和目标分类器设计是被动声呐目标识别系统的关键技术。本文针对被动声呐目标识别，首先着重研究了调制线谱特征提取方法，然后为了训练神经网络目标分类器，本文将遗传算法和BP算法相结合，提出了一种新的自适应遗传BP算法。最后，对海上实录的三类目标噪声进行了分类识别，实验结果表明本文设计的被动声呐目标识别系统具有很好的分类效果。     

基于小波滤波的海面杂波过滤降噪处理技术

海上地形环境复杂,对于微小目标识别系统,受到海面杂波影响,目标物识别的分辨率变低。海面杂波一般由船舶运行引起的波浪起伏﹑地形变化等因素引起,较易与快速移动的微小目标物重叠,引起目标识别困难。小波滤波是一种高效的过滤噪声算法,对目标检测中的海面杂波具有很好的过滤效果,能够提高微弱目标的检测效果。本文研究海上杂波的频率特性,在此基础上设计基于小波滤波的海面杂波过滤降噪处理技术,最后给出仿真结果。     

自适应小波网络在船舶噪声识别中的应用

本文基于自适应小波网络理论,构造了一个应用于船舶辐射噪声识别的自适应小波网络分类器。仿真结果表明,该方法具有良好的目标识别性能,且收敛速度快,是一种有效的目标识别方法,从而为研究自适应小波网络理论在声呐信号目标识别领域中的应用有着极其重要的实际意义。     

基于水下三维目标识别的视觉系统

基于水下三维目标识别的视觉系统是水下机器人实现水下自主作业和智能化的关键技术。本文叙述水下三维目标的识别机理和识别算法以及为正确识别目标提供最佳条件的前处理，硬件系统和实时处理功能，最后给出试验结果，说明识别系统的高效率与可靠性。     

应用二维图像声呐的水下目标物精确定位的研究

本文应用二维图像声呐系统进行水下目标物精确定位的实验研究。实验设备采用MS1000单波束扫描声呐,通过外接GPS到处理软件中提供探头坐标,通过二维图像声呐扫测获取目标点坐标并进行数据处理分析。本项研究实现了对二维图像声呐检测对象的精确定位,从而提高了二维图像类型水下检测设备对水下工程质量进行检测的准确性。     

基于SFS方法的侧扫声呐图像三维重构

针对侧扫声呐受其测量机理和作业模式影响无法直接获取海底表面地形及水下目标物高度信息的问题,提出改进的明暗恢复形状最小化方法。通过从侧扫声呐原始数据文件出发,解析得到斜距量程、采样精度等重要参数以及二维瀑布图。在瀑布图基础上,提出一种基于小波变换的最小化算法,求解得到对应二维图中每一点的相对高度值,从而实现了海底表面地形的高精度三维重构。通过对比实验证明,与2种经典的最小化法相比,基于小波变换的最小化法性能明显提高。     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

桥梁防撞设施物理模型试验

物理模型试验是预报防撞设施所受撞击力及优化设计方案的主要方法之一。结合杭州湾大桥柔性防撞设施及东海大桥独立式防撞体设计方案,阐述了船—防撞体撞击试验的基本原理、方法、试验方案及相关试验结果。提出了柔性防撞系统的优化方案。试验结果表明,该方案经济有效,可供预报类似桥梁防撞设施撞击力时参考。     

印尼某电厂码头水工建筑物设计

印尼某电厂项目码头水工建筑物包括码头、防波堤和护岸等主要组成部分。在该项目水工建筑物的设计过程中,综合考虑当地的自然条件、施工能力和材料来源等因素,不断优化结构选型和结构断面。根据不同使用要求,护岸分别采用直立式和斜坡式2种结构型式,推荐的设计方案节省投资、施工方便,可供同类工程设计参考。     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

开放式数据挖掘系统模型

目前国内已经出现了少量的数据挖掘相关产品。国内数据挖掘软件无论从数量还是质量上比较，都与国外软件存在着较大的差距。随着数据仓库技术的普及，数据挖掘应用的需求越来越强烈，如何缩短这种差距，研发数据挖掘软件产品成为国内业界的一个重要问题。通过引用目前国际通用数据挖掘标准技术来构建开放式的数据挖掘系统模型，该系统模型从可扩展性、可重用性、易用性等方面得到了加强。