大型油轮通过新、马海峡的航行安全

在实船航行经验的基础上,分析了新、马海峡的航道特点和通航条件,论述了大型油轮通过海峡的航行方法和操船注意事项,供航海人员参考。     

云处理环境下的海上军事资源管理关键技术

随着信息技术的发展,云处理被广泛应用于处理军事资源的管理中,通过云处理来提高数据处理的能力,本文在MapReduce模型的基础上,根据子节点的性能不同,通过设定阈值来进行分类检索,最后将任务分配到不同的子服务器上进行存储。通过对比实验可看出,本文改进的算法有效提高了数据存储能力和计算能力,为海上军事资源管理提供了有效的处理手段。     

云计算在海上运输物流电子管理系统中的应用

在科技发展的推动下,云计算为海上运输注入了新的活力。本文分析传统海上运输的缺点,然后利用云计算技术进行改进。阐述基于云计算的海上运输物流电子管理系统的架构,设计云计算的基础设施层、平台层、应用层在海上运输物流电子管理系统的实现方式。     

海军雷达电子干扰信号的数学建模及仿真

随着电子信息技术的飞速发展,电子战在海上战场占据了主导地位,为争夺海上战场的优势,雷达对抗系统成为各国海军研究的重点。雷达在海上战场监视、敌情预警以及提高装备打击精度等方面发挥巨大的作用,具有全天候、大范围探测的优势。雷达干扰技术是通过影响对方雷达来保护己方的战争资源。雷达抗干扰技术则是在复杂的电磁环境中,剔除干扰,识别目标,完成跟踪。本文分析海上雷达的工作原理、有源噪声干扰和欺骗式干扰,研究干扰信号的理论建模并进行数学仿真实验。     

Late Holocene history of the rainfall in the NW Iberian peninsula—Evidence from a marine record

This study reconstructs climatic variability over the last 4700 yr in the NW Iberian Peninsula on the basis of lithological, sedimentological, biogeochemical, micropaleontological (diatoms and biosiliceous compounds) and AMS ¹⁴C analyses conducted in a gravity core retrieved from the Galician continental shelf. The core was recovered at the Galicia Mud Patch, a muddy sedimentary body highly influenced by the terrestrial supply of the Miño and Douro rivers, and thus controlled by the rainfall variations over the catchment area. River plume transports the lithogenic and continental-derived compounds to the shelf area allowing us to recognize several periods of terrestrial/marine influence. These periods are well correlated with the lithological units identified. Coarser sediments, high values of Ca/Al, low values of Fe, Al and lithogenic Si (LSi) are representative of the marine-influenced periods. These stages are related to dry conditions and winds coming from the NE under a NAO positive-like phase.Terrestrial-influenced stages are characterized by muddy sediments, with high content of Fe, Al and LSi, freshwater and benthic diatoms, continental-derived organisms (crysophycean cysts and phytoliths) and high amount of land-derived organic matter as reported by the C/N ratios. The influence of NAO positive- and NAO negative-like periods and solar activity are the two mechanisms quoted to explain the climatic variability during the last 4700 years.Proxies for the lithogenic input and terrigenous content (non-organic material) show an increase at around 2000–1800 cal. yr BP, linked to the warmer conditions and high precipitation patterns during the Roman Warm Period, and soil erosion due to forest degradation and other anthropic activities. A strong river flow event is recorded in shelf sediments during 800–500 cal. yr BP. A pervasive NAO negative-like period, and the high irradiance registered during the Grand Solar Maximum (GSM) controlled the precipitation and induced a high run-off and riverine influx during this event.     

柴油机增压系统的模糊综合评判

本文运用模糊综合评判的数学方法，对柴油机增压系统的工作状态进行了综合评判，得出了定量化的状态等级，为柴油机的检修工作提供一定的依据。     

海上无人系统集群发展现状及关键技术研究进展

海上无人系统集群作战正在从概念走向实装应用.着眼于海上无人系统集群作战任务的需要,总结无人机集群、水面无人艇集群、无人水下机器人集群和跨域无人系统集群的国内外发展现状,分析海上无人系统集群协同作战所需的关键技术,包括通信自组网、协同态势感知、任务分配、航迹规划、集群编队控制和虚拟测试等.系统性归纳海上无人系统集群所需各...     

事故树法在机舱火灾安全评估中的应用

通过对导致机舱火灾原因的分析,发现影响因素较多且比较复杂,因此采用事故树方法进行安全评估,从而得到最佳机舱火灾预防途径,且可为船舶制定相应的预防措施提供依据。     

The hydrology and biochemistry of the Cretan Straits (Antikithira and Kassos Straits) revisited in the period June 1997–May 1998

Three CTD surveys (June 1997, January 1998, May 1998) were undertaken at the Antikithira and the Kassos Straits of the Cretan Arc in the Eastern Mediterranean. In these cruises, water samples were also collected for oxygen, nutrients and chlorophyll-a analyses, while current-meter moorings were deployed in the channels of the Cretan Deep Water (CDW) outflow from June 1997 to July 1998. The same sub-basin-scale circulation features as in 1994–1995 govern the upper circulation: The Mirtoan/West Cretan Cyclone prevails throughout the study period in the Antikithira Strait, while in the Kassos Strait the East Cretan Cyclone in the north part of the Strait interacts either with the Ierapetra Gyre or the Rhodes Gyre in the southern part of the Strait, thus creating varying flow regimes. The Transitional Mediterranean Water (TMW) appears denser (σ_θ∼29.17–29.18) in comparison to its density values in 1994–1995 and its core occupies a deeper layer (∼500–700 m). The CDW occupies a near-bottom layer in the outflow channels less than ∼200 m thick. An overall decrease in the CDW volume is observed from June 1997 to May 1998 which is correlated with a weakening in the presence of TMW in each Strait. The CDW and TMW distributions and variability are also illustrated through their chemical signal of, correspondingly, high-oxygen, low-nutrient and low-oxygen, high-nutrient values. The existence of a cyclonic/upwelling circulation structure in the Antikithira Strait, as opposed to a more variable hydrodynamic regime in the Kassos Strait, results in higher chlorophyll-a concentrations and shallower chlorophyll-a maxima in the Antikithira Strait during summer in comparison to the corresponding phytoplankton parameters in the Kassos Strait. The CDW outflowing speeds are on the order of ∼20 cm/s and the mean CDW transport from both straits during the deployment period is ∼0.15 Sv, which is substantially reduced with respect to the total mean value of ∼0.6 Sv of the period 1994–1995. The total CDW transport during spring and early summer of 1998 for both straits is ∼0.05 Sv. This decrease denotes an inter-annual weakening in the evolution of the East Mediterranean Transient.     

DDAM与SRS对舰船甲板设备抗冲击考核对比研究

在舰船设备抗冲击考核中比较冲击响应谱(SRS)法与动态设计分析法(DDAM),找出应用SRS方法的注意事项,可用于指导舰船设备抗冲击规范的制订.通过分析结构动力学基底剪力有效振型质量的概念,指出模态质量与基底剪力有效振型质量有相同的定义和物理意义.基于水面舰艇导弹发射设备支架-箱体结构的抗冲击性能分析,分别应用SRS和DDAM方法,对其进行抗冲击考核.由于SRS方法没有考虑设备弹性基础引起的谱跌效应,过高地规定了设备的抗冲击指标,引起考核误差.SRS算法的误差与设备的模态质量大小有关.     

GMDSS的定义看通信在海上安全中的关键作用

全球海上遇险与安全系统（GMDSS）是在现代无线电通信技术的基础上，适应海上搜救的需要而建立起来的搜救通信系统。遇险船舶能通过此系统迅速发出报警信号；岸上的搜寻当局以及遇险船舶和遇险人员附近的其它船舶，通过此系统能迅速接收到遇险报警，以便进行协调搜救援助。提供紧急和安全通信并播发航行警告和气象警告，气象预报及其它紧急安全信息等海上安全信息。无论船舶航行在哪个海区，都能够完成对本船和航行在同一海区的其它船舶的安全具有重要性的通信功能。因此，GMDSS对海上船舶安全起到关键作用。     

高速公路管理体制及市场化分析

针对国内高速公路养护管理体制的现状,借鉴国外养护管理的先进经验及体制,提出高速公路养护管理市场化是社会发展的需要和必然,并就高速公路养护市场化模式进行分析。     

The privatization of Polish ports—the present situation and outlook for the future

The Polish economy is going through fundamental changes from a central planning to a market economy. The main aim of this transition is the privatization process which has to change the structure of Polish economy. Privatization has to establish more favourable ways of utilizing the productive capacity of state enterprises and create better conditions to compete on the market. The Privatization process for Polish state enterprises was defined in the Act on the Privatization of State Enterprises of 13 July 1990. According to this Act state enterprises can be privatized in capital or liquidation methods. The capital method has been applied to the privatization of Polish ports. In 1991 the major Polish ports were transformed into a State Treasury shareholder company. The holding company was used in the first stage of privatization. Gdynia was the first port which started this process building the real model of holding. Another important element connected with the structural transformation of Polish ports is the separation of operational and management roles. According to the Act on Ports, the Port Authority is also responsible for the development of the commercial, industrial and distribution services. This Act will also enable Poland to adapt economic and legal regulations which are similar to those in the European Union ports.     

嘉兴内河集箱运输迎来历史发展机遇

嘉兴内河集装箱运输虽然起步较晚,规模较小,但其低廉的运输成本、便捷的通关条件以及腹地经济的强有力支持使嘉兴具备了发展集装箱运输的优势。随着上海国际航运中心和洋山深水港的建设,嘉兴面临内河集装箱运输难得的历史发展机遇。     

港口枢纽集疏运对城市交通影响分析

随着我国经济的发展,我国港口的吞吐量增长迅猛。本文以腹地型的港口——上海港为背景,通过对集装箱运输的特点和流程进行分析,指出港口枢纽城市集装箱运输中存在的问题,并提出降低公路集疏运分担率是减少上海港道路集装箱集疏运对城市交通影响的战略目标之一。     

The creation and maintenance of a Stigmatized occupation: an historical analysis of the American merchant marine

This paper examines the historical circumstances that have stigmatized the American seaman. Once a respected occupation, the stigma is shown to be the result of structural antecedents: laws regulating maritime labour; hiring practices; changes in the economy and the good intentions of charitable institutions. Reasons for the persistence of stigma despite improved wages and working conditions are discussed as well as the future role of technology in bringing higher social status to seaman.     

Changes in dissolved silicate loads to the Baltic Sea — The effects of lakes and reservoirs

We tested the hypothesis that dissolved silicate (DSi) yields [kg km^− 2 yr^− 1] of 82 major watersheds of the Baltic Sea can be expressed as a function of the hydraulic load (HL) as a measure of water residence time and the total organic carbon (TOC) concentration, both variables potentially increasing the DSi yield. Most boreal rivers fitted a linear regression model using HL as an independent variable to explain the DSi yield. Rivers with high HL, i.e., shortest residence times, showed highest DSi yields up to 2300 kg km^− 2 yr^− 1. This is most likely caused by an excess supply of DSi, i.e., the geochemical sources prevail over biological sinks in these boreal watersheds. The DSi yield for regulated and unregulated larger rivers of the boreal watersheds constituting about 40% of the total water discharge and of the total DSi load to the Baltic Sea, respectively, can be expressed as: DSi yield = 190 + 49.5 HL[m yr^− 1] + 0.346 TOC [µM] (R² = 0.80). Since both HL and TOC concentrations have decreased after damming, the DSi yields have decreased significantly in the regulated boreal watersheds, for the River Luleälven we estimated more than 30%. The larger eutrophic watersheds draining cultivated landscape of the southern catchment of the Baltic Sea and representing about 50% of the annual water discharge to the Baltic Sea, deviated from this pattern and showed lower DSi yields between 60–580 kg km^− 2 yr^− 1. DSi yields showed saturation curve like relationship to HL and it appears that DSi is retained in the watersheds efficiently through biogenic silica (BSi) production and subsequent sedimentation along the entire river network. The relationship between HL and DSi yields for all larger cultivated watersheds was best fitted by a Freundlich isotherm (DSi = 115.7HL¹⁰⁹; R² = 0.73), because once lake and reservoir area exceeds 10% of the watershed area, minimum DSi yields were reached. To estimate an uperturbed DSi yield for the larger eutrophic southeastern watersheds is still difficult, since no unperturbed watersheds for comparison were available. However, a rough estimate indicate that the DSi flux from the cultivated watersheds to the Baltic Sea is nowadays only half the uperturbed flux. Overall, the riverine DSi loads to the Baltic Sea might have dropped with 30–40% during the last century.     

The theory and practice of a carrier's liability under the Athens Convention—the English experience

The effect of the regulation of a carrier's liability by the mandatory application of rules introduced by international convention are considered in the context of a review of the standard terms and conditions employed by major UK passenger carriers reacting to the Athens Convention 1974. It is hoped that by analysing the impact of the Athens Convention upon the British operators who still play a significant part in the international transport of passengers, that light will be shed on the response than can be expected from maritime carriers to the imposition of international convention jurisdiction generally.