基于数值方法的AUV近水面运动特性研究

为了明确水面回收AUV过程中其自身运动特性,以数值方法作为主要工具,通过控制变量法分析自由液面对AUV运动的影响。建立AUV的近水面运动方程,通过数值模拟PMM,得到AUV近水面运动方程所需的全部水动力系数。最后,通过基于运动方程和CFD方法的水面直航轨迹交叉对比,对所求得AUV近水面运动方程的准确性进行了验证。结果表明,所求得的AUV近水面运动方程准确性良好,可为AUV水面回收过程中的运动控制提供参考。     

层流状态下旋转圆柱绕流数值模拟研究（英文）

基于CFD方法对层流状态不同雷诺数下的旋转圆柱绕流进行数值模拟,分析在不同转速比α(0≤α≤8)下尾流涡流、升力系数、阻力系数和斯特劳哈尔数的特性。随着转速比的增大,发现五种尾流结构形态（漩涡脱落、稳定尾流、反向稳定尾流、单边涡和附着涡）。随着转速比的增大,平均升力系数先抛物线形式增大,然后线性增大,平均阻力系数减小,然后增大;斯特劳哈尔数随旋转比的增大而减小,且第二不稳定阶段的斯特劳哈尔数比第一不稳定阶段要小很多。随着雷诺数的增大,第一不稳定阶段的末尾向后移动,第二不稳定阶段的生成范围向前移动。     

船舶多自由度斜航运动水动力数值研究（英文）

计及多自由度运动的船舶斜航水动力预报对船舶航行安全具有重要意义。文章通过耦合求解船舶运动方程和雷诺平均N-S方程,并采用VOF方法和高精度自由面捕捉技术对作多自由度斜航运动船舶的粘性绕流场进行数值模拟。船舶动态平衡位置根据计算出的力和力矩来决定,得到包括升沉、纵倾和横倾在内的船舶浮态。文中采用的算例与爱荷华大学进行的模型试验相同,通过比较数值计算结果和试验值验证了该方法的有效性。对船模在受约束和自由运动两种状态下的船舶运动和流场进行模拟,通过比较分析船舶升沉、纵倾和横倾的影响。文中计算获得的详细流场细节特征,包括前体和舭部的涡以及船体表面上的压力,有助于理解船舶斜航运动浮态变化的机理。     

静水中并行两船水动力干扰数值研究（英文）

为比较分析单船与两船并行航行的水动力差异,探讨静水中两船并行时漂角、船船相对位置对船体阻力、侧向力及摇首力矩的影响规律,文章基于RANS方程采用SST k-ω湍流模型,数值分析了某两船静水并行时船船相互作用。研究表明:不同漂角下两船中对中并行时,船体所受阻力均较单船航行时有所增大且受到指向两船中间的附加侧向力;当两船并行斜航的漂角相反时,同一船舶位于迎流侧较背流侧时船体受力存在一定差异;两船并行直航时,船船相对位置对船体受力有较大的影响,当两船纵向间距小于一倍船长时,船船相互作用较为显著,在不同横向间距下,船体受力随纵向间距的变化规律相同,在一定纵向间距下,船间横向间距越小船船相互作用越强。     

圆盘水面弹跳过程运动特性数值研究（英文）

本文基于CFD方法对圆盘撞水弹跳过程的运动特性进行了研究,对三种典型撞水运动状态进行了模拟,数值结果与文献中的试验结果吻合良好。基于计算结果,获得了圆盘可以成功弹跳的初始参数组合范围。圆盘弹跳过程中,前方会产生一股射流,其脱离圆盘的射出速度可以达到入水速度的两倍左右。随着圆盘自旋速度的增加,圆盘受到的流体动力逐渐增加,但速度衰减也随之逐渐增加。相对较小的初始倾角和入水角总是有利于圆盘撞水后的弹跳,但过小的初始倾角可能会不利于连续多次弹跳过程。对圆盘连续弹跳过程的数值模拟结果表明,圆盘运动路线并非一直向前,而是受自旋影响运动方向有一定程度的偏转,圆盘第一次撞水弹跳的高度和距离远大于后面几次的弹跳过程。     

近壁面水动力干扰下的AUV运动控制研究

按自治式水下机器人(AUV)需要接近水下工作站并实现坐落的要求,依据平壁面对AUV水动力干扰的力学机理,建立了AUV在平壁面附近运动时的数学模型,并设计了五个自由度运动PID控制器.在海流影响下,通过系统仿真,实现了AUV的五自由度运动控制和准确坐落,仿真结果验证了控制策略的可行性.     

近水面航行二维水翼的水动力特性研究

利用有限体积方法和RNG k-ε湍流模型直接求解RANS方程计算近水面航行二维水翼(NACA 0012)的水动力特性,自由水面采用流体体积方法(VOF)描述,与试验结果的比较表明,本文的计算模型是合理的,结论是正确的,通过计算给出了不同浸深、攻角和傅氏数的升力系数、阻力系数等曲线。     

船船水动力相互作用的CFD分析研究（英文）

A numerical study of ship-to-ship interaction forces is performed using a commercial CFD code, and the results are compared with experimental data and with the results of a panel method analysis. Two ship models have been used in the interaction forces analysis: a tug and a tanker, advancing parallel to each other with different lateral distances and two different values of the fluid depth. Computations are carried out with four different flow models: inviscid and viscous flow with the free surface modeled as a rigid wall and inviscid and viscous flow with the deformable free surface. A fair agreement was obtained with available experimental data and results obtained by panel method. The influence of viscosity in the computations is found to be comparatively weak, while the wavemaking effects may be important, at small magnitude of the horizontal clearance.     

面向一体化系统的USV水面回收AUV的水动力特性分析

针对未来高效的海洋作业方式,提出一种基于AUV(Autonomous Underwater Vehicle,AUV)和USV(Unmanned Surface Vehicle,USV)的一体化作业系统。基于一体化系统,设计了一种USV水面动对动回收AUV作业流程。以某便携式AUV为研究对象,仿真分析其在水面稳定航行特性,建立其相应的水动力模型,并经过外场试验验证了水动力模型和仿真结果的准确性和可靠性。以三体船型USV为仿真模型,分析USV航行尾流对其后方AUV航行在垂直面上三自由度的影响,通过仿真对比15种工况,得出USV速度、AUV速度以及舵角与回收可靠性之间的关系。     

潜艇近海底与近水面绕流数值模拟研究

采用求解RANS方程的方法,结合RNG k-ε湍流模型,对于某潜艇模型近海底和近水面绕流进行了数值模拟.计算了不同海底深度下潜艇模型的阻力、垂向力和俯仰力矩,也计算了同一海底深度下潜艇阻力随傅氏数的变化,研究表明当海底深度超过二分之一艇长时,海底对阻力的影响可忽略不计.自由液面捕捉采用VOF(Volume of Fluid)方法.计算了不同浸深下潜艇模型的阻力和自由液面波型,同时又研究了同一浸深下阻力和波型随傅氏数的变化趋势.研究表明,当浸深超过三分之一艇长时,自由液面波高迅速减小,自由液面对阻力的影响可忽略不计.计算结果与试验结果吻合较好.     

浅水条件下船舶通过船闸时的水动力性能数值研究（英文）

文章通过应用CFD方法数值模拟在浅水条件下通过船闸的船舶粘性绕流,对船舶通过船闸时的水动力性能进行了数值预报研究。通过UDF编程定义船舶的运动,使用动网格方法和滑移交界面技术进行船舶运动过程中的网格更新,计算作用在船体上的水动力,并由计算得到的水动力求得船体下沉和纵倾。为了验证所采用的数值方法,以一艘通过比利时泽布吕赫Pierre Vandamme船闸的船舶为例,在模型尺度下进行了计算,并将计算结果和佛兰德水利研究所的模型试验基准数据进行了比较。通过分析不同船速、偏心距和水深条件下的数值结果,给出了这些因素对船舶通过船闸时的水动力性能的影响。该文研究结果可为浅水条件下船舶通过船闸时的安全操纵和控制提供一定的指导。     

基于高阶面元法的浅水域中船—船水动力相互作用数值预报（英文）

文章开发了一种基于非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)的三维高阶面元法对浅水域中两船会遇和追越时的船-船水动力相互作用进行预报。该方法采用NURBS精确表达船体曲面,采用配置点法满足离散的边界积分方程,在边界面上的源强分布确定之后采用B样条表达物面速度势分布。基于低速假设,忽略了自由面的兴波效应,采用无穷镜像法处理刚性自由面和浅水效应,采用时间步进法在时域内求解速度势。将文中计算结果与基于RANS方程求解的CFD方法和细长体理论方法计算结果比较,验证了该方法的有效性。在此基础上,分别在不同水深、船间横向间距和船速下进行了系列的计算,分析了这些因素对船-船水动力相互作用影响。结果表明,在相同的工况下,船-船会遇时相互作用力比追越时更大,对水深变化更敏感,而对横向间距不如追越时敏感。     

波浪中螺旋桨非定常水动力性能研究（英文）

The speed of a ship sailing in waves always slows down due to the decrease in efficiency of the propeller. So it is necessary and essential to analyze the unsteady hydrodynamic performance of propeller in waves. This paper is based on the numerical simulation and experimental research of hydrodynamics performance when the propeller is under wave conditions. Open-water propeller performance in calm water is calculated by commercial codes and the results are compared to experimental values to evaluate the accuracy of the numerical simulation method. The first-order Volume of Fluid(VOF) wave method in STAR CCM+ is utilized to simulate the three-dimensional numerical wave. According to the above prerequisite, the numerical calculation of hydrodynamic performance of the propeller under wave conditions is conducted, and the results reveal that both thrust and torque of the propeller under wave conditions reveal intense unsteady behavior. With the periodic variation of waves, ventilation, and even an effluent phenomenon appears on the propeller. Calculation results indicate, when ventilation or effluent appears, the numerical calculation model can capture the dynamic characteristics of the propeller accurately, thus providing a significant theory foundation forfurther studying the hydrodynamic performance of a propeller in waves.     

一种潜艇近水面的Havelock源面元法（英文）

A panel method is described for calculating potential flow around near-surface submarines. The method uses Havelock sources which automatically satisfy the linearized free-surface boundary condition. Outputs from the method include pressure field, pressure drag, wave resistance, vertical force, trim moment and wave pattern. Comparisons are made with model tests for wave resistance of Series 58 and DARPA SUBOFF hulls, as well as with wave resistance, lift force and trim moment of three length-to-diameter variants of the DSTO Joubert submarine hull. It is found that the Havelock source panel method is capable of determining with reasonable accuracy wave resistance, vertical force and trim moment for submarine hulls. Further experimental data are required in order to assess the accuracy of the method for pressure field and wave pattern prediction. The method is implemented in the computer code "Hull Wave" and offers potential advantages over RANS-CFD codes in terms of speed, simplicity and robustness.     

斜壁结构的水动力收敛方法研究（英文）

在分析波浪中的船舶运动或者计算大型结构的水动力系数时,往往采用时域格林函数方法。时域格林函数的一个重要局限性在于它在计算具有倾斜壁面的水动力系数时,结果很容易发散。时域格林函数本身的奇异性以及高频振动特性显然是水动力发散的一个重要原因。但即使该奇异性通过增加粘性以及表面张力的方式使之消失,计算具有斜壁结构的水动力时,发散现象依然存在。因此,该文提出一种滤波方法,除去时域格林函数的高频部分,留下其低频部分,并定义滤波系数,从而使作用于斜壁结构上的水动力值收敛。通过文中结果与频域兴波格林函数法的比较来确定最优滤波系数。结果表明:最优滤波系数几乎与运动幅值无关,但会受到运动频率以及物面形状的影响。     

水下航行体湍流数值模拟方法研究进展综述（英文）

In this paper, we present an overview of numerical simulation methods for the flow around typical underwater vehicles at high Reynolds numbers, which highlights the dominant flow structures in different regions of interest. This overview covers the forebody, midbody, stern, wake region, and appendages and summarizes flow phenomena, including laminar-to-turbulent transition, turbulent boundary layers, flow under the influence of curvatures, wake interactions, and all associated complex vortex str...     

长椭球体绕流问题中层流向湍流流动状态转变的数值预测（英文）

In this work, the laminar-to-turbulent transition phenomenon around the two-and three-dimensional ellipsoid at different Reynolds numbers is numerically investigated. In the present paper, Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes(RANS) equations with the Spalart-Allmaras, SST k-ω, and SST-Trans models are used for numerical simulations. The possibility of laminar-toturbulent boundary layer transition is summarized in phase diagrams in terms of skin friction coefficient and Reynolds number.The numerical results show that SST-Trans method can detect different aspects of flow such as adverse pressure gradient and laminar-to-turbulent transition onset. Our numerical results indicate that the laminar-to-turbulent transition location on the 6:1 prolate spheroid is in a good agreement with the experimental data at high Reynolds numbers.     

表面粗糙度对水面舰船粘性阻力分量影响的数值研究（英文）

Recently, computational fluid dynamics(CFD) approaches have been effectively used by researchers to calculate the resistance characteristics of ships that have rough outer surfaces. These approaches are mainly based on modifying wall functions using experimentally pre-determined roughness functions. Although several recent studies have shown that CFD can be an effective tool to calculate resistance components of ships for different roughness conditions, most of these studies were performed using...     

三体船构型水动力性能试验研究（英文）

This paper presents experimental results on configuration hydrodynamics. Three models are used in the model tests, which are typical of hard, round, and soft chines. Although specific values are different, the influence patterns are similar in the three ship models. A set of different outrigger positions is investigated in calm water and regular waves. A variety of interesting phenomena are observed, among which the splash resistance is the dominant component for a trimaran at high speeds(with F...