开启两岸交通合作新纪元

合则两利，通则双赢。大陆有关方面和两岸同胞一道，多年来排除种种干扰和破坏，为实现两岸“三通”进行了不懈努力。当满载两岸同胞欢欣的包机、航船和信笺在这彪炳史册的日子里交会时，间接、单向、局部“三通”历史性跨越到直接、双向、全面“三通”，为两岸交流、交往、合作开启了新的一页，为两岸海运、航空、邮电合作发展的新纪元拉开了序幕。     

两岸三通书写历史新篇章

<正>2008年12月15日,海峡两岸关系协会与海峡交流基金会签署的两岸海运直航、空运直航、直接通邮三项协议正式实施。历经近30年磋商与努力,大陆与台湾通邮、通商、通航的直接三通构想终于实现,两岸关系掀开新的一页。"三     

以民为本 为民谋利 积极务实推进两岸“三通”

<正> 前言1949年以后的30多年间,由于台湾海峡两岸处于军事对峙状太,两岸人员往来和通邮、通航、通商全部中断,两岸同胞处于隔绝状态。1979年元旦,全国人大常委会发表《告台湾同胞书》为有利于两岸同胞互通讯息,探亲访友,旅游参观,发展经济、文化等各方面的关系,首倡两岸“双方尽快实现通邮,通航”,“发展贸易,互通有无,进行经济交流”。从此,祖国大陆方面为实现两岸通邮、通航、通商(“三通”)进行了不懈努力。1987年11月,台湾当局决定     

综合信息

台湾海峡两岸实现“三通”，多个交通项目获2008年度国家科学技术进步奖，全国二级公路收费站点撤销工作启动，国家道路交通安全科技行动计划加快步伐，交通运输部公路科学研究院学术委员会成立，万里长江第一隧通车试运行。     

加速福建省综合运输网建设的思考

<正> 交通运输落后,曾长期困扰着福建人民,成为制约福建经济发展的主要瓶颈。搞好综合运输网建设,是改变福建省交通落后的关键;对全省实现第二个战略部署,2010年达到中等发达国家水平,以及建设台湾海峡西海岸经济繁荣地带,促进两岸直接“三通”等都有十分现实和深远的意义。     

让公路体现社会公平——贾学英谈山东农村公路发展情况

经过近十年的努力,到2009年底,山东基本实现了"三通"目标,显著改善了山东农村的交通条件,在助推城乡一体化进程的同时,也为新农村建设插上了腾飞的翅膀。     

党建铸强企业魂

怎样以"党建+"作为企业发展的助推器,如何实现项目党建工作与生产经营深度融合、同频共振?近年来,中铁上海局郑济铁路(山东段)工程项目部党总支用初心与行动做出了响亮回答. 项目部党总支成立以来,围绕"紧扣中心、服务大局、融入引领、助力发展,为企业高质量发展强'根'铸'魂'"这一主线,以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,立足企业生产经营重点工作,全面从严治党向纵深推进,真正实现了党建工作与施工生产双"丰收",为企业加快建成中国中铁先进企业集团贡献了强大合力.     

火力发电厂300MW机组主给水管道直径补偿热挤压三通设计与制造工艺

在分析直径补偿挤压三通成型机理的基础上,提出了直径补偿的成形工艺。研制的两套立式模具和一套卧式模具,实现了用工艺方法增加热挤压三通支管高度,缩小,三通相贯区内拐角处圆弧半径的目的。     

直径补偿热挤压三通的成型

在分析直径补偿热挤压三通成型机理的基础上，提出了直径补偿的成型工艺。研制出两套立式模具和一套卧式模具，实现了用工艺方法增加热挤压三通支管高度，缩小三通相贯区内拐角处圆弧半径的目的。     

含点蚀缺陷三通管塑性极限载荷分析

三通管在使用中受介质的腐蚀或冲刷而产生局部减薄,从而降低其使用的安全性。因此,采用弹塑性有限元方法,分析了含点蚀缺陷引起的局部减薄对三通管极限载荷的影响。在对常用三通管几何尺寸简化为等径等壁厚的基础上,借助ANSYS软件中的设计语言（APDL）,构建了参数化有限元模型。通过改变三通管及缺陷的几何参数,建立任意含点蚀缺陷三通管的有限元模型,实现三通管分析流程的过程控制。并研究了三通管几何参数对其塑性极限载荷的影响,为压力管道分析及使用安全提供一定的参考。     

Space,money, life-stage,and the allocation of time

Demographic, socioeconomic, seasonal, and scheduling factors affect the allocation of time to various activities. This paper examines those variables through exploration of the 1990 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey, which has been inverted to track activity duration. Two key issues are considered. First, how much can activity duration and frequency explain travel duration? The analysis shows activity duration has positive and significant effects on travel duration, supporting recent arguments in favor of activity based models. Second, which recent trend is the main culprit in the rise in travel: suburbanization, rising personal incomes, or female labor force participation? This paper examines the share of time within a 24-hour budget allocated to several primary activities: home, work, shop, and other. The data suggest that income and location have modest effects on time allocation compared with the loss of discretionary time due to working.

     

Automation of paratransit reservation,routing, and scheduling

Santa Clara County, California experienced a sharp growth in demand‐responsive paratransit ridership for individuals with disabilities, as a result of the passage of the 1990 Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA). This paper describes an automated paratransit system for the ADA‐type paratransit operation implemented in Santa Clara County. It automated paratransit reservation, scheduling, and routing functions. The key components of this system were a digital geographic database (DGD) and an automated trip scheduling system (ATSS). Empirical evidence after one year of operation indicates numerous benefits of this automation. There were significant reductions in the paratransit operating costs and an increase in the percent shared rides. The savings in operating costs far exceeded the annualized capital cost of automation. A user survey indicates that these improvements were achieved without degradation to service quality such as vehicle on‐time performance, invehicle travel times, vehicle response to open return, and ride comfort.     

Integrated scheduling of m-truck,m-drone,and m-depot constrained by time-window,drop-pickup,and m-visit using constraint programming

The idea of deploying unmanned aerial vehicles, also known as drones, for final-mile delivery in logistics operations has vitalized this new research stream. One conceivable scenario of using a drone in conjunction with a traditional delivery truck to distribute parcels is discussed in earlier literature and termed the parallel drone scheduling traveling salesman problem (PDSTSP). This study extends the problem by considering two different types of drone tasks: drop and pickup. After a drone completes a drop, the drone can either fly back to depot to deliver the next parcels or fly directly to another customer for pickup. Integrated scheduling of multiple depots hosting a fleet of trucks and a fleet of drones is further studied to achieve an operational excellence. A vehicle that travels near the boundary of the coverage area might be more effective to serve customers that belong to the neighboring depot. This problem is uniquely modeled as an unrelated parallel machine scheduling with sequence dependent setup, precedence-relationship, and reentrant, which gives us a framework to effectively consider those operational challenges. A constraint programming approach is proposed and tested with problem instances of m-truck, m-drone, m-depot, and hundred-customer distributed across an 8-mile square region.     

Estimation of missing traffic counts using factor,genetic, neural,and regression techniques

Analyses from some of the highway agencies show that up to 50% permanent traffic counts (PTCs) have missing values. It will be difficult to eliminate such a significant portion of data from traffic analysis. Literature review indicates that the limited research uses factor or autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models for predicting missing values. Factor-based models tend to be less accurate. ARIMA models only use the historical data. In this study, genetically designed neural network and regression models, factor models, and ARIMA models were developed. It was found that genetically designed regression models based on data from before and after the failure had the most accurate results. Average errors for refined models were lower than 1% and the 95th percentile errors were below 2% for counts with stable patterns. Even for counts with relatively unstable patterns, average errors were lower than 3% in most cases.     

Activity sequencing,location, and formation of individual non-mandatory tours: application to the activity-based models for Columbus,Cincinnati, and Cleveland,OH

Most of the earlier activity based models (ABMs) largely relied on a tour-based modeling paradigm which explicitly predicts tour frequency and then adds details including stop frequency, order, and location of stops within each tour. The current study is part of new tour formation design framework for an ABM in which the underlying tour structure and the stop frequency within tours emerge from temporal, sequencing, and locational preferences of activities that the traveler intends to participate during the day. In order to do this, the study developed a modified rank-ordered logit (ROL) framework that is capable of modeling sequence, locations, as well as the underlying tour structure of all activity episodes simultaneously in an integrated manner. Model estimation with the household survey data, provided several important behavioral insights into underlying choices that drive tour formation. Specifically, the study uncovered pairwise ordering preferences among episodes of different activity purposes, clustering tendencies among episodes of same activity purpose, the impact of supply side activity opportunities on the location and sequence choice dimensions, and impedance effects (including distance and mode and time-of-day logsums) on location and tour break dimensions. The developed models are incorporated in the operational ABM structure adopted for three major cities (Columbus, Cleveland, and Cincinnati) in Ohio.     

Model,process, technique,and the good thing

The paper unpacks the planning process into its component parts: model, process, technique, and goals—the “good thing”. The paper advances the concept that planning, policy-making, and organizational restructuring can be analyzed under the same framework. Each of the four components is described and reductionist examples are presented to clarify the intention and to illustrate the technique that the transport analyst teams employ in their work. The examples cover both successes and failures. They point toward the enormous scientific task ahead for planning to become meaningful and relevant to the problems of today. Finally, in the frame of the willingness to pay, the paper puts forward a case for an institutional framework for a financially autonomous road administration. Similarly organized, administered, and managed entities are relevant also for other transport modes.

A game model of international trade,transport costs,invasive species,and protocol compliance

We study the duopolistic interaction between two monopolists located in two different countries who sell an imperfect substitute good in two markets. The traded good is transported between the two nations on ships using solid wood packing materials (SWPMs) and hence the presence of one or more invasive species is a problem. We use a game model to analyze this interaction in three steps. First, we study the benchmark case of autarky or no trade between the two nations. Second, we introduce transport costs and then study the effect of free trade on the profits of the two monopolists. Finally, we suppose that invasive species are present in the SWPMs. This fact requires compliance with an environmental protocol. We model this compliance by increasing the transport costs associated with trade and then demonstrate that a version of the so called Porter hypothesis holds. In other words, we show that compliance with a cost increasing environmental protocol can give rise to higher profits for the two monopolists under consideration.     

理念节能组织节能技术节能——诠释江苏道路水路运输节能减排三绝招

江苏省运管机构按照交通部和交通厅有关节能减排工作的部署和要求,立足理念节能、组织节能、技术节能,制定了一系列促进节能减排的政策措施,扎实推进道路水路运输业节能减排工作向纵深发展,节能减排工作取得了积极进展.     

Perceived accessibility,mobility, and connectivity of public transportation systems

Although public transportation is considered effective at reducing the external cost of driving private vehicles, many urbanites do not use public transportation. This study develops measures employing accessibility, mobility, and seamless connectivity for an entire public transportation service chain as indicators for evaluating public transport services, prioritizes underperforming scenarios from the perspective of urban travelers, and derives various market segmentation strategies that consider different socio-demographic characteristics. A conceptual model is set up herein to assess these latent constructs that describe unobservable and immeasurable characteristics. As a Likert ordinal scale can generate misleading statistical inferences, the Rasch model is used to eliminate bias generated by an ordinal scale when measuring these three latent constructs separately. The Rasch model compares person parameters with item parameters, which are then subjected to logarithmic transformation along a logit scale so as to recognize specific difficulties of service scenarios that cannot be easily eliminated by certain urban travelers. The multidimensional Rasch model also measures the perceptions of urban travelers in terms of the interactions between accessibility, mobility, and seamless connectivity of this public transportation system. While comparing urban travelers of two large cities in Taiwan, Taipei and Kaohsiung, the empirical results demonstrate that perceived accessibility, mobility, and seamless connectivity differ based on travelers’ age, frequency of weekly sports activities, and environmental awareness. This paper also advances appropriate improvement strategies and provides policy suggestions for urban planners, public transportation service operation agencies, and policy makers when they seek to create user-friendly public transportation services. The proposed approach can be generalized in other cities by considering their local context uniqueness and further evaluating their public transport services.