高速公路收费标准研究

为了使我国高速公路收费标准更加科学化、合理化,使高速公路为中国现代化建设发挥更大的支撑作用,对国内高速公路收费标准进行研究,主要分析国内高速公路收费的理论基础和必然性,以及国内最新高速公路收费标准,并结合高速公路运营的实际情况,提出目前高速公路收费标准中存在的问题。在此基础上,从现代化交通强国的发展任务出发,针对相关问题提出对策建议,以期促进高速公路收费标准更加科学、合理。     

高速公路收费标准理论模型探讨

采用模糊数学中的多层次模糊综合评判方法,对我国高等级公路收费标准的理论模型进行了初步研究.在合理分析影响收费标准因素的基础上,建立了一个多层次、网络化收费标准模型,从而得出适合一定条件下的收费标准.     

高速公路服务区拓展收费节点设置探讨

文章结合国内外高速公路服务区拓展建设应用的现状,分析了服务区拓展收费节点的必要性及布局要求,并以崇左至水口高速公路花山服务区设置收费节点为例,提出服务区拓展收费节点设置规范标准,同时分析了拓展收费节点建设过程中存在的问题及注意事项,为高速公路服务区拓展收费节点的设计、施工和运营管理提供参考借鉴.     

国务院办公厅关于治理向机动车辆乱收费和整顿道路站点有关问题的通知

近年来，针对一些地方和部门向机动车辆乱收费、乱集资、乱罚款，以及在道路上乱设收费站点等问题，各地区和有关部门采取措施，多次进行专项治理，取得了一定成效。但目前问题仍十分突出，主要表现在：一些地方和部门违规设立道路收费站、出让道路收费权、延长道路收费期限；越权审批涉及机动车辆的行政事业性收费、政府性基金和政府性集资项目，擅自扩大征收范围、提高收费标准；向机动车辆乱摊派，以及以罚代纠、以罚代管、重复罚款等。这些问题的存在，不仅严重影响交通秩序，加重了企业和群众负担，而且扰乱了政府收入分配秩序，助长了…     

广州城区道路收费调整对车流分布的影响

<正>同一走廊上不同道路之间的收费差异容易引发车流分配不均,收费道路虽然提供了较高的出行质量,但对周边路网的交通压力却是负面的,尤其是那些陷入中心城区的高等级收费道路。收费道路两侧往往会形成一定的隔离,由于收费差异,收费道路与地区路网的贯通性并不好,降低了开发地块与道路设施的亲和力,继而影响到城市空间整合和连续发展。     

高速公路运营收入预测软件的开发

高速公路运营收入预测是高速公路企业进行财务评价的基础,根据交通量和收费标准相结合的预测方法,用V isual Basic编制的小程序实现高速公路基年和未来年运营收入的快速预测,从而结束了手工计算的估算方式,大大提高了工作效率。     

德国将向外国车收路费

<正>德国运输部长亚历山大·多布林特7月7日公布机动车收费方案,外国车免费使用德国道路的时代将结束。今后,在德国以外注册的机动车使用德国道路将缴费:行驶10日收费10欧元(约合13美元):两个月收费20欧元(合约27美元):年费平均为88欧元(120美元),具体数额依据车辆重量、车龄和发动机排量等因素而定。驾车人可在网上或加油站付款,购买缴费证明。一旦收费方案形成法律,将于2016年开始执行。亚历山大·多布林特说,每年大约1.7亿人次驾驶外     

通用航空机场收费标准将大幅降低

为继续推进民用机场收费改革，改善通用航空运营环境，支持和加快通用航空发展，日前，民航局会同国家发改委正式下发通知，出台《通用航空民用机场收费标准》，并十今年9月1日起实施。     

道路客运企业应抱团应对油品上涨

2009年1月1日，国家实施燃油税费体制改革，在取消道路运管费、客运附加费、养路费的同时，降低了燃油价格，并相应取消了二级以下公路收费站点。原以为，费改税后，车辆的实际运营成本会由于油价的下降而大幅度降低。     

城市道路停车收费实施性问题及对策研究

城市道路停车收费是利用价格杠杆原理,针对停放在道路上的机动车辆进行收费,以调节停车需求。对道路停车收费相关实施性问题进行归类总结,并提出了相应的解决对策,希望能给其他实行道路停车收费以及调节停车需求的城市提供参考。     

Survey of R&D in PRT systems

A survey of research and development in advanced transit has been made by Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in cooperation with Trans21 in Boston. Summary findings are reported for fourteen academic research programs and ten development programs for PRT. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Conference of PRT and other Emerging Systems held in Minneapolis in 1996.     

The Impact of Container Type Diversification on Regional British Port Development Strategies

Abstract

Despite a concentration of container traffic in the southeast of the UK over the last few decades, regional ports are attempting new development strategies to capture or retain specific traffic segments. These include intra-European short-sea traffic and a potentially increasing feeder market. These trends are reflected in the movement of different container types, which result in a number of planning challenges related to changing infrastructural and operational requirements. This paper uses highly disaggregated data on container type movements to address three issues that can inform these planning challenges. First, the imbalance of trade resulting in empty container repositioning; second, the requirement for gauge-cleared rail routes to cater for the increasing proportion of high-cube containers; and third, the specialisation of European short-sea traffic at secondary UK ports. The results reveal the disproportionate repositioning of empty containers at Scottish ports and the importance of 45?ft, high-cube and pallet-wide containers at regional ports, highlighting their focus on intra-European short-sea traffic and raising difficulties relating to their lower quality of landside infrastructure (particularly rail) in comparison to the large south-eastern ports. The potential repercussions on hinterland infrastructure development raise questions about both public and private sector responses to regional port development.     

管道风险分析指数评分法中分值调整初探

管道风险分析指数评分法中重要步骤之一就是确定影响管道事故因素的权重,各个管道风险因素在整个管道事故中所占的权重是不相同的。针对目前管道风险分析指数评分法基本假设之一（各因素的分值范围都是0～100分）,为了更加客观、准确、合理地反映各个风险因素对于管道事故的影响程度,提出并论述了依据层次分析法的数学逻辑性进行综合计算得出管道风险因素的权重,然后对评分法中各个因素的最高分值,根据其权重不同进行相应调整,从而增强评价者对风险因素的认识和评判能力,提高管道风险评价结果的准确性。     

A century of evolution of the accessibility concept

The concept of accessibility has acquired numerous meanings along multiple dimensions during the century of its evolution. This essay argues for the salience of two dimensions: application-based and definition-based. In its application, accessibility has incorporated positive and normative dimensions which have varied in prominence over time. In its definition, accessibility has varied between a mode of evaluation incorporating measured mobility and proximity, on the one hand, and a predefined market basket of urbanist improvements to transportation and land use systems, on the other. Advocates of the accessibility shift should emphasize both the measured approach to accessibility and accessibility’s normative side.     

天然气站往复式压缩机活塞失效分析

针对天然气站往复式压缩机活塞的断裂事故,运用失效分析方法,开展了活塞断口扫描电镜分析、能谱和金相分析。根据断口形貌的电镜和金相观察结果,结合理论知识,分析确定了该活塞发生断裂事故的主要原因,即在特定工况下该活塞的材料缺陷是造成断裂的主要因素。     

中国城市道路规划方位性问题研究

文章结合中国的传统建筑文化理念和现代科学原理,从历史文化、能源节约、环境保护、房地产定价、交通安全等多方面分析研究了城市道路在规划和设计时所应遵从的定向规则。     

Planning guidelines for metro–bus interchanges by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model

The big paradigm for cities nowadays is to study the movement of pedestrians at the interface between metro and bus systems – metro–bus interchanges. When these interchanges are not well designed, walking is inefficient and can be unsafe for pedestrians. This paper analyses, by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model, metro–bus interchange spaces in order to propose planning guidelines for the city of Santiago de Chile. Specific objectives are (1) to identify the variables that provide efficiency and safety in those spaces; (2) to simulate different scenarios using the pedestrian simulation model LEGION; (3) to propose planning and design guidelines for pedestrian spaces at metro–bus interchanges; and (4) to contrast the recommendations in the recently opened terminal station on Line 1 of Metro de Santiago: Los Dominicos Station.     

Predicting queue variability to enable analysis of overload risk

ABSTRACT

Predicting the risk of traffic demands and delays exceeding critical limits at road junctions, airports, hospitals, etc., requires knowing how both mean and variance of queue size vary over time. Microscopic simulation can explore variability but is computationally demanding and gives only sample results. A computationally efficient approximation to the mean is used in many modelling tools, but only empirical extensions for variance in particular situations have been available. The paper derives theoretical formulae for time-dependent and equilibrium variance, believed to be novel and to apply generally to queues covered by the Pollaczek–Khinchin mean formula, and offering possible structural insights. These are applied in an extended approximation giving mutually consistent mean and variance estimates with improved accuracy. Tests on oversaturated peak demand cases are compared with Markov probabilistic simulation, demonstrating accuracy (R^2?>?0.99) for typical random, priority-like (M/M/1) and traffic-signal-like (M/D/1) queues. Implications for risk analysis, planning and policy are considered.     

生命大过天

文章介绍了广西壮族自治区公路管理局开展专项行动,治理以桥梁为重点的交通基础设施安全隐患的情况,针对在役桥梁、在建桥梁和农村公路桥梁存在的安全隐患提出了相应的治理措施。