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(1972年国际海上避碰规则》(以下简称《规则》)第17条赋予直航船“独自采取避碰行动”和“采取最有助于避碰的行动”的责任与义务,是为了避免碰撞事故的发生——当规定的让路船没有遵守《规则》规定采取让路行动时,两船就会处在非常危险的境地,这种态势若发展下去,碰撞将不可避免。如A轮从海门港按计划航线空放宁波北仑港时,在头门岛附近与B轮的碰撞事故。 相似文献
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在自主船议题下,国际海事组织海上安全委员会已完成对《1972年国际海上避碰规则》(简称《避碰规则》)的立法范围界定.本文就《避碰规则》立法范围界定的成果以及各参与方的观点进行说明和分析,并就《避碰规则》的后续修正要点进行展望. 相似文献
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多船会遇避碰决策研究—Ⅱ多船会遇避碰决策模型 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在多船会遇局面划分、判断的基础上,根据避碰规则,提出了在智能或自动避碰系统中,以“避碰重点船”方法进行避碰决策及实现的方法。 相似文献
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锚泊船舶与他船发生碰撞在海上船舶碰撞的案例中并不少见,海事局或者海事法院对碰撞责任进行认定时,一般都认为锚泊船舶没有碰撞责任或者承担很小比例的责任。本文分析了在《1972年国际海上避碰规则》(以下简称《避碰规则》)下,锚泊船舶与他船发生碰撞的几种类型,对如何理解《避碰规则》下锚泊船舶的避让义务提出一些看法,进行探讨。 相似文献
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针对受限水域船舶动态智能避碰问题,将航迹预测与改进速度障碍相结合,提出一种船舶动态智能避碰方法。建立两船相对运动模型并实时计算船舶避碰运动参数,基于三自由度船舶操纵运动数学(MMG)模型和Kalman滤波算法分别预测本船(OS)和目标船(TS)下一时刻运动状态;然后结合《国际海上避碰规则》(简称《规则》)、良好船艺、航迹预测模型、速度障碍算法和航向控制系统等分析设计船舶动态智能避碰决策模型;通过仿真试验验证动态智能避碰决策模型的可行性和有效性。结果表明:该算法可满足受限水域两船和多船复杂会遇局面下船舶智能避碰,实现动态避碰条件下的船舶安全航行。 相似文献
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此文阐述《国际海上避碰规则》中的“不妨碍”与“让路”或“避让”的区别,并对我国《内河避碰规则》的相关条款提出修改意见。 相似文献
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让路船与直航船的划分是避碰实践的需要,是对避碰义务的分工。《1972年国际海上避碰规则》仅为直航船规定了避碰义务,并没有为其规定任何免于遵守避碰义务的特权,直航船不是"权利船"。让路船和直航船之间是一种和谐的合作关系,不是对抗的敌对关系。 相似文献
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在自主船议题下,国际海事组织海上安全委员会已完成了对《1972年国际海上避碰规则》的立法范围界定,此后将由相应的分委会进行全面回顾和提出修正方案。本文基于新的航海技术,从驾驶和航行规则、适应自主船等方面分析《避碰规则》的修正原则,提出初步修正方案,并从五个方面对建议的"驾驶和航行规则"进行验证,抛砖引玉,以期引起航海界的重视。 相似文献
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由于航道通常较窄,通航密度大,船舶在航道中航行时会遇他船后,不可能完全按照《避碰规则》要求的"早、大、宽、清"采取避让行动.在航道中如何采取避让行动,尤其是在特殊情况下如何行动,《避碰规则》并未清楚列明,驾引人员只能根据现场情况以及自己对《避碰规则》的理解采取行动.现实中,经常发生因驾引人员对《避碰规则》理解不一致从而... 相似文献
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《中国航海》2020,(3)
为减少因人为操作不当导致的船舶避碰事故,提高船舶航行的安全性,提出一种基于深度Q网络(Deep Q Network, DQN)强化学习方法的船舶智能避碰算法。依据船舶间实时获取的航行状态信息,从全局角度构建智能避碰算法深度强化学习状态集;在对《国际海上避碰规则》(International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea,COLREGs)进行充分理解的基础上合理量化部分COLREGs,综合考虑航向跟随、船舶碰撞和规则符合等因素,设计船舶智能避碰DQN算法奖励函数,保证避碰决策安全有效且满足避碰规则的要求。分别针对两船和多船会遇场景进行仿真试验,结果表明:该方法可使船舶在COLREGs的要求下有效避让来船,为船舶智能避碰技术的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Collision avoidance for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) is significant for the fulfillment of autonomous navigation. Generally, classical collision-avoidance algorithms are proposed for relatively simple encounter situation, in this scenario only two USVs are stressed. Furthermore, to generate the rational manoeuvre operations, it is necessary that USVs should abide by International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea (COLREGS). However, COLREGS has not paid attention to rules for multi-USV collision-avoidance problem. Furthermore, those collision-avoidance rules in COLREGS have not been quantified for USVs. Following that, this paper utilizes deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm to resolve collision-avoidance for USVs even in complex encounter situations. Within our DRL algorithm, related COLREGS is quantified properly and integrated into the DRL model, and then encounter situation of USVs is formulated as environmental observation value, accordingly a set of decision making is reached by decision-making neural network, and the reward function is designed for updating network parameters iteratively. Consequently, collision avoidance for USVs can be achieved eventually. By employing our DRL algorithm, collision avoidance for USVs under generous complex scenarios are resolved with the aid of corresponding intelligent decision-making operations. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of our DRL algorithm. 相似文献
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An optimization technique was used to generate a wing-in-ground-effect (WIG) configuration which can achieve the maximum lift
and satisfy the height stability criteria within the design constraints. For the analysis of the aerodynamic coefficients,
the vortex lattice method (VLM) was applied with the inviscid and potential flow approximations. The sequential quadratic
programming (SQP) method, which is a nonlinear optimization method, was employed as an optimization tool. The lift and moment
coefficients, including the stability analysis computed by VLM, were compared with the experimental results of a medium-sized
WIG, and a good correlation was found between them. In addition, the optimization tool was validated by finding the optimal
position of the side wing attached on the WIG craft. Then, various optimum examples are shown, with generation of the wing
section, the determination of the planform configuration, the aspect ratio, and the position of the tail wing within the design
constraints. It was shown that the present optimization tool can be used effectively for the optimal design of a WIG craft. 相似文献
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Omer Kemal Kinaci 《船舶与海洋工程学报》2016,15(2):136-143
Aircraft flying close to the ground benefit from enhanced efficiency owing to decreased induced drag and increased lift. In this study, a mathematical model is developed to simulate the takeoff of a wing near the ground using an Iterative Boundary Element Method (IBEM) and the finite difference scheme. Two stand-alone sub-codes and a mother code, which enables communication between the sub-codes, are developed to solve for the self-excitation of the Wing-In-Ground (WIG) effect. The aerodynamic force exerted on the wing is calculated by the first sub-code using the IBEM, and the vertical displacement of the wing is calculated by the second sub-code using the finite difference scheme. The mother code commands the two sub-codes and can solve for the aerodynamics of the wing and operating height within seconds. The developed code system is used to solve for the force, velocity, and displacement of an NACA6409 wing at a 4° Angle of Attack (AoA) which has various numerical and experimental studies in the literature. The effects of thickness and AoA are then investigated and conclusions were drawn with respect to generated results. The proposed model provides a practical method for understanding the flight dynamics and it is specifically beneficial at the pre-design stages of a WIG effect craft. 相似文献